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Bory Tucholskie Dialect
The Tuchola Forest dialect () belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the northern part of Poland. It borders the Krajna dialect to the south, the Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect to the southeast, the Kociewie dialect to the east, and the Kashubian language to the north. Once called the Tuchola dialect by Nitsch, now Bory is more common, as it is more general and does not refer to just the city. It is a transitional dialect with Kashubian. The line between Bory and Krajna is not clear. Bory does not have any features that are not shared by neighboring dialects, and as such, it has been stated that it's not a dialectal unit the same as others, but rather a transitionary dialect between many others. Phonology Atypical of other Greater Polish subdialects, there is a preference for devoicing consonants at the ends of words when before a vowel or liquid. Typical of Greater Polish dialects, there is an absence of mazuration. Vowels The Bory Tucholskie dialect has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashubian Language
Kashubian () or Cassubian (; ; ) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.Stephen Barbour, Cathie Carmichael, ''Language and Nationalism in Europe'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p.199, In Poland, it has been an officially recognized ethnic-minority language since 2005. Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages. The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education. Origin Kashubian is assumed to have evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers. It first began to evolve separately in the period from the thirteenth to the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialects Of The Polish Language
Polish dialects are regional vernacular varieties of the Polish language, and often show developments starting from an earlier stage of the language, often Old Polish or Middle Polish, namely the development of the so-called "pitched" or "slanted" vowels (Polish ). Four major dialect groups (termed ) are typically recognized, each primarily associated with a particular geographical region, and often further subdivided into dialects (termed in Polish).Roland Sussex and Paul Cubberley (2006). ''The Slavic Languages''. Cambridge University Press. P. 530.Robert A. Rothstein (1994). "Polish". ''The Slavonic Languages'', edited by Bernard Comrie and Greville G. Corbett. Routledge. Pp. 754–756. They are: * Greater Polish, spoken in the west * Lesser Polish, spoken in the south and southeast ** Goral, spoken in the mountains on the Poland-Slovakia border * Masovian, spoken throughout the central and eastern parts of the country * Silesian spoken in the southwest (sometimes also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (, ) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript ''j'' ⟨ʲ⟩ to the base consonant. Palatalization is not Phonemic contrast, phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian language, Russian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, Finnic languages such as Estonian language, Estonian, Karelian language, Karelian, and Võro language, Võro, and other languages such as Irish language, Irish, Marshallese language, Marshallese, Kashmiri language, Kashmiri, and Japanese language, Japanese. Types In technical terms, palatalization refers to the secondary articulation of consonants by which the body of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate and the alveolar ridge during the articulation of the consonant. Such consonants are phon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazuration
Mazurzenie () or mazuration is the replacement or merger of Polish's series of postalveolar fricatives and affricates (written ) into the dentialveolar series (written ). This merger is present in many dialects, but is named for the Masovian dialect.Stanislaw Gogolewski, "Dialectology in Poland, 1873-1997", In: ''Towards a History of Linguistics in Poland'', by E. F. K. Koerner, A. J. Szwedek (eds.) (2001) p. 128/ref> This phonological feature is observed in dialects of Masuria and Masovia (Masovian dialect), as well as in most of Lesser Poland and parts of Silesia. There are also some peripheral mazurating islands in Greater Poland. The boundary of runs from north-east to south-west. It may have originated between the 14th and 16th centuries in the Masovian dialect. The feature is linked to the process of depalatalization (reduction of the number of palatalized consonants) similar to the phenomena of and ' in other dialects. A rarer term for mazuration is sakanie. In thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquid Consonant
In linguistics, a liquid consonant or simply liquid is any of a class of consonants that consists of rhotics and voiced lateral approximants, which are also sometimes described as "R-like sounds" and "L-like sounds". The word ''liquid'' seems to be a calque of the Ancient Greek word (; ), initially used by grammarian Dionysius Thrax to describe Greek sonorants. Liquid consonants are more prone to be part of consonant clusters and of the syllable nucleus. Their third formants are generally non-predictable based on the first two formants. Another important feature is their complex articulation, which makes them a hard consonant class to study with precision and the last consonants to be produced by children during their phonological development. They are also more likely to undergo certain types of phonological changes such as assimilation, dissimilation and metathesis. Most languages have at least one liquid in their phonemic inventory. English has two, and . His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vowel
A vowel is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract, forming the nucleus of a syllable. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, in loudness and also in Vowel length, quantity (length). They are usually voice (phonetics), voiced and are closely involved in Prosody (linguistics), prosodic variation such as tone (linguistics), tone, intonation (linguistics), intonation and Stress (linguistics), stress. The word ''vowel'' comes from the Latin word , meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). In English, the word ''vowel'' is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them (, , , , , and sometimes and ). Definition There are two complementary definitions of vowel, one Phonetics, phonetic and the other Phonology, phonological. *In the phonetic definition, a vowel is a sound, such as the English language, English "ah" or "oh" , produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consonant Voicing And Devoicing
In phonology, voicing (or sonorization) is a sound change where a voiceless consonant becomes voiced due to the influence of its phonological environment; shift in the opposite direction is referred to as devoicing or surdization. Most commonly, the change is a result of sound assimilation with an adjacent sound of opposite voicing, but it can also occur word-finally or in contact with a specific vowel. For example, the English suffix ''-s'' is pronounced when it follows a voiceless phoneme (''cats''), and when it follows a voiced phoneme (''dogs''). This type of assimilation is called ''progressive'', where the second consonant assimilates to the first; ''regressive'' assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in ''have to'' . English English no longer has a productive process of voicing stem-final fricatives when forming noun-verb pairs or plural nouns, but there are still examples of voicing from earlier in the history of English: * belief () – bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Nitsch
Kazimierz Ignacy Nitsch (1 February, 1874 – 26 September, 1958) was a Polish Slavic linguist, historian of the Polish language and dialectologist. He was one of the co-founders of the Society of Polish Language Enthusiasts and in the years 1919–1958 he edited the organ of the society "Polish Language".. In 1901, he began dialectological research in Kashubia. President of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Son of Maximilian Nitsch, a Polish architect. He was educated at St. Anne's Gymnasium. In 1903, he obtained a scholarship from the Academy of Arts and Sciences and went to study in Prague and Paris. After his return in 1904, he began researching Pomeranian dialects. In 1908 he obtained his postdoctoral degree under the supervision of Jan Rozwadowski on the basis of the work Relationships of the Lechitic languages kinship. In 1911 he became an associate professor at the Jagiellonian University and worked alongside Jan Łoś. In 1917 he moved to the Jan Kazimierz U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kociewie Dialect
The Kociewie dialect () belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the northern part of Poland. It borders the Bory Tucholskie dialect to the northwest, the Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect to the south, the Kashubian language to the north, and the Masovian Lubawa dialect to the northeast. Due to its position, the Kociewie dialect sometimes shares more features with Masovian dialects than with Greater Polish dialects, and is usually considered a transitional dialect, and some Kashubian influence can also be seen. Phonology As is typical of Greater Polish dialects, the Kociewie dialect is not subject to mazuration. Atypical of Greater Polish dialects however, is the presence devoicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids. Vowels Kociewie displays a vowel system very similar to other Greater Polish dialects, but shows some influence from Masovian dialects. Atypical of other Greater Polish dialects, diphthongisation of monophthongs is not present. i, y, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuchola
Tuchola (; ) is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland. The Pomeranian town, which is the seat of Tuchola County, had a population of 13,418 . Geographical location Tuchola lies about north of Bydgoszcz, close to the Tuchola Forests. Forest areas to the east and north of the town form the protected area of Tuchola Landscape Park. History Settlement around Tuchola dates from 980, while the town was first mentioned in 1287, when the local church was consecrated by the archbishop of Gniezno Jakub Świnka. It was part of medieval Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Poland since the establishment of the state in the 10th century, and during its fragmentation it was ruled by the dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania. The place was one of the strongholds of the count of Nowe Swienca family, Peter Swienca, who owned a fortified domicile in the area. In 1330 Tuchola came into possession of the Teutonic Order. It received Chełmno law in 1346 from Heinrich Dusemer, the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
