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Bolivarian Propaganda
Bolivarian propaganda (also known as ''chavista'' propaganda and Venezuelan propaganda) is a form of nationalist propaganda, especially in Venezuela and associated with chavismo, Venezuelan socialism. This type of propaganda has been associated with Hugo Chávez's Bolivarian Revolution,Manwaring (2005), pp. 8–13. which used emotional arguments to gain attention, exploit the fears of the population, create external enemies for scapegoat purposes, and produce nationalism within the population, causing feelings of betrayal for support of the opposition.Manwaring (2005), p. 11. The ''World Politics Review'' stated in 2007 that, as Chávez began "transforming Venezuela into a socialist state", propaganda was "an important role in maintaining and mobilizing government supporters". The image of Chávez was seen on sides of buildings, on T-shirts, on ambulances, on official ''Petróleos de Venezuela'' (PDVSA) billboards, and as action figures throughout Venezuela. A 2011 article by ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivarian Propaganda In Guarenas
Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, socialist and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America. Bolivarianism of Hugo Chávez In recent years, Bolivarianism's most significant political manifestation was in the government of Venezuela's president Hugo Chávez, who from the beginning of his presidency called himself a Bolivarian patriot and applied his interpretation of several of Bolívar's ideals to everyday affairs, as part of the Bolivarian Revolution. That included the 1999 Constitution, which changed Venezuela's name to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and other ideas such as the Bolivarian Schools, Bolivarian Circles and the Bolivarian University of Venezuela. The term "Bolivarianism" is often used specifically to refer to Chávez's rule. The central points of Bolivarianism as extoll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadena Nacional
In several Latin American countries, a ; plural ), also referred to as a or , is a joint broadcast, over various media (usually radio and television), directed at the general population of a state. Initially conceived as a form of emergency population warning, these broadcasts are often of a political nature, as most of them are messages by governmental authorities about various topics of general interest. Depending on the country, the characteristics of ''cadenas nacionales'' vary. In some countries, they are enshrined in law; in others, they are informal and cooperative. In some countries, including Argentina and Venezuela, all stations are mandated to air these messages (similar in nature to Emergency Action Notifications in the United States). by Latin American country Argentina The use of ''cadenas nacionales'' in Argentina is regulated by Article 75 of the , signed into law in 2008. This article specifies that the executive branch of the national government or of provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CANTV
CANTV () is the state-run telephone and internet service provider in Venezuela. It was one of the first telephone service enterprises in the country, founded in 1930. The largest telecommunications provider in Venezuela, it was privatized in 1991, and re-nationalized in 2007 by Hugo Chavez. As of May 9, 2008, Cantv’s customer base numbered 10.1 million mobile subscribers, 5.2 million fixed telephony subscribers and 1 million broadband subscribers. Origins In 1930 the "Ministerio de Fomento" under President Juan Vicente Gomez administration, granted a concession to Félix A. Guerrero to build and operate a telephone network in the Federal District and the States of the Union. With fellow shareholders Manuel Pérez Abascal, an entrepreneur, and Alfredo Damirón, an attorney, they registered Compañía Anónima Nacional Teléfonos de Venezuela on 20 June 1930. On 31 December it became the local operating company for the assets of the Venezuelan Telephone and Electrical Applia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezolana De Television
Venezolana - Rutas Aéreas de Venezuela RAV S.A. (also known as ''Venezolana de Aviación'') is a Venezuelan charter airline headquartered in Maracaibo. History The airline was founded by Venezuelan investors in 2001 as ''RAVSA - Rutas Aéreas de Venezuela S.A.''. The airline operated charter flights using Jetstream 31s. In 2007, the airline started up operations under its brand name ''Venezolana''. When operations started, Venezolana began to acquire through the years a mixed fleet of used Boeing 737-200, MD-80s and British Aerospace Jetstream 41s to start more scheduled services to other destinations inside and outside of Venezuela. During the 2000s, the airline experienced a rapid expansion in the international and domestic markets, especially with the regional route between the cities of Maracaibo and Caracas, which is one of the most popular routes in Venezuela. However, Venezolana had turmoil with its reputation in the international market between 2009 and 2011, following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patton Boggs
Squire Patton Boggs is an international law firm with over 40 offices in 20 countries. It was formed in 2014 by the merger of multinational law firm Squire Sanders with Washington, D.C.–based Patton Boggs. It is one of the largest law firms in the world by total headcount and gross revenue, twelfth largest firm in the UK by revenue, and one of the top 12 by number of countries occupied. Its largest offices are in Washington, D.C., Leeds, London and Cleveland, each having more than 100 lawyers. The firm serves a diverse base of legal clients ranging from Fortune 500, ''Fortune'' 100 and FTSE 100 Index, FTSE Index 100 corporations to newly emerging companies, private clients and local and national governmental entities. The company lobbies on behalf of the entity of the Politics of Saudi Arabia, Saudi government that was directly responsible for the Jamal Khashoggi, murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi; after the murder, the company continued to represent the entity for years unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RCTV
Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV and sometimes referred to as the Canal de Bárcenas) is a Venezuelan over-the-top streaming service and formerly a free-to-air television Television network, network headquartered in the Caracas neighborhood of Quinta Crespo and owned by Empresas 1BC. Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) was inaugurated on 15 November 1953 by William H. Phelps Jr., William H. Phelps, Jr. Its Radio broadcasting, radio counterpart was Radio Caracas Radio. On 27 May 2007, president Hugo Chávez decided to shut down the channel by refusing to renew their Broadcast license, broadcast concession, accusing the channel of being involved in the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, 2002 coup d'état in Venezuela, which briefly overthrew his government. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela), Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) upheld the National Commission of Telecommunications (CONATEL) decision. RCTV continued to broadcast via pay television on RCTV Internacional. In Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The London School Of Economics And Political Science
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), established in 1895, is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. The school specialises in the social sciences. Founded by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb, Graham Wallas and George Bernard Shaw, LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and offered its first degree programmes under the auspices of the university in 1901. LSE began awarding degrees in its own name in 2008, prior to which it awarded degrees of the University of London. It became a university in its own right within the University of London in 2022. LSE is located in the London Borough of Camden and Westminster, Central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn. The area is historically known as Clare Market. As of 2023/24, LSE had just under 13,000 students, with the majority being postgraduate students and just under two thirds coming from outside th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Participatory Democracy
Participatory democracy, participant democracy, participative democracy, or semi-direct democracy is a form of government in which Citizenship, citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected representatives. Elements of Direct democracy, direct and representative democracy are combined in this model. Overview Participatory democracy is a type of democracy, which is itself a form of government. The term "democracy" is derived from the from δῆμος/''dēmos'' 'people' and κράτος/''kratos'' 'rule'. It has two main subtypes, Direct democracy, direct and representative democracy. In the former, the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation; in the latter, they choose governing officials to do so. While direct democracy was the original concept, its representative version is the most widespread today. Public participation, in this context, is the inclusion of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of La Sabana
The Universidad de La Sabana is a private university in Colombia, supervised by the Ministry of National Education (Colombia), Colombian Ministry of Education. It was founded on September 21, 1979, by the Asociación para la Enseñanza Aspaen, its predecessor was the INSE "Instituto Superior de Educación", considered one of the first in distance education in the country and Latin America. La Sabana is one of the best universities in the country according to several rankings. In the 2023 edition of the QS Ranking, QS ranking, the university ranked 701-750 and continues to be among the 100 in Latin America, while in 2020 it was ranked the second best private university in the country in teaching, the third best private university in research at national level and the third best private university in Bogotá, according to The Latin America University Ranking. In 2022 it achieved third place at national level according to ICFES examination, icfes. Its headquarters are located in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caudillo
A ''caudillo'' ( , ; , from Latin language, Latin , diminutive of ''caput'' "head") is a type of Personalist dictatorship, personalist leader wielding military and political power. There is no precise English translation for the term, though it is often used interchangeably with "Military dictatorship, military dictator," "warlord" and "Political strongman, strongman". The term is historically associated with Spain and Hispanic America, after virtually all of the regions in the latter won independence in the early nineteenth century. The roots of ''caudillismo'' may be tied to the framework of rule in medieval and early modern Spain during the Reconquista from the Moors. Spanish conquistadors such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro exhibit characteristics of the ''caudillo'', being successful military leaders, having mutual reliance on the leader and their supporters, and rewarding them for their loyalty.Hamill, Hugh M. (1996) "Caudillismo, Caudillo" in ''Encyclopedia of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24July 178317December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as ''El Libertador'', or the ''Liberator of America''. Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas in the Captaincy General of Venezuela into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards (Criollo people, criollo) but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in Madrid from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to Enlightenment philosophy and married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, who died in Venezuela from yellow fever in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a Grand Tour that ended in Rome, where he swore to end the Spanish America, Spanish rule in the Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shortages In Venezuela
Shortages in Venezuela of food staples and basic necessities occurred throughout Venezuela's history. Scarcity became more widespread following the enactment of price controls and other policies under the government of Hugo Chávez and exacerbated by the policy of withholding United States dollars from importers under the government of Nicolás Maduro. The severity of the shortages led to the largest refugee crisis ever recorded in the Americas.* * The Maduro administration denied the extent of the crisis and refused to accept humanitarian aid from Amnesty International, the United Nations, and other groups while conditions worsened.* The United Nations and the Organization of American States stated that the shortages resulted in unnecessary deaths in Venezuela and urged the government to accept humanitarian aid. Though ''The New York Times'' asserts that the Maduro administration and its economic irresponsibility directly caused a lack of food, Maduro stated that the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
