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Bolivarian Alternative For The Americas
Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, socialist and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America. Bolivarianism of Hugo Chávez In recent years, Bolivarianism's most significant political manifestation was in the government of Venezuela's president Hugo Chávez, who from the beginning of his presidency called himself a Bolivarian patriot and applied his interpretation of several of Bolívar's ideals to everyday affairs, as part of the Bolivarian Revolution. That included the 1999 Constitution, which changed Venezuela's name to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and other ideas such as the Bolivarian Schools, Bolivarian Circles and the Bolivarian University of Venezuela. The term "Bolivarianism" is often used specifically to refer to Chávez's rule. The central points of Bolivarianism as extoll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panhispanism
Panhispanism or pan-Hispanism (Spanish: ''panhispanismo''), sometimes just called hispanism (Spanish: ''hispanismo''), is an ideology advocating for social, economic, and political cooperation, as well as often political unification, of the Hispanic world. Panhispanism is notably characterized by its history of adaptation to all sides of the political spectrum while retaining its core tenet of Hispanic unity and its anti-Americanism. It has been present consistently in literature, revolutionary movements, and political institutions. A variant of the ideology focuses specifically on projects of Hispanic American unity (the ''Patria Grande''), to the exclusion of Hispanic areas outside the Americas. Background The Spanish colonization of America began in 1492 and ultimately was part of a larger historical process of world colonialism through which various European powers incorporated a considerable amount of territory and peoples in the Americas, in Asia, and in Africa between the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Corruption
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain. Forms of corruption vary but can include bribery, lobbying, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, influence peddling, Graft (politics), graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise, such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, although it is not restricted to these activities. Over time, corruption has been defined differently. For example, while performing work for a government or as a representative, it is unethical to accept a gift. Any free gift could be construed as a scheme to lure the recipient towards some biases. In most cases, the gift is seen as an intention to seek certain favors, such as work promotion, tipping in order to win a contract, job, or exemption from certain tasks in the case of junior worker handing in the gift to a senior employee who can be key in winning the favor. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Education
A state school, public school, or government school is a primary school, primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include homeschooling, Private school, private schools, Charter school, charter schools, and other educational options. By region and country Africa South Africa In South Africa, a state school or government school refers to a school that is state-controlled. These are officially called public schools according to the South African Schools Act of 1996, but it is a term that is not used colloquially. The Act recognised two categories of schools: public and independent. Independent schools include all private schools and schools t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discurso De Angostura
The Congress of Angostura was convened by Simón Bolívar and took place in Angostura (today Ciudad Bolívar) during the wars of independence of Colombia and Venezuela, culminating in the proclamation of the Republic of Colombia (historiographically called Gran Colombia). It met from February 15, 1819, established the new independent-from-Spain nation on December 17, was interrupted by further independentist activity, and reconvened on July 31, 1821, when the Congress of Cúcuta began its sessions. The Angostura assembly consisted of twenty-six delegates representing Venezuela and New Granada (today Colombia). Historical background Important parts of the countries were still under Spanish rule, so elections only took place in the areas of southern Venezuela and Margarita Island controlled by the patriot forces. The delegates from New Granada were chosen from among the exiles fighting alongside the Venezuelan patriots. At its first meeting on February 19, 1819, Bolivar gave h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carta De Jamaica
The Jamaica Letter or (or Letter from Jamaica or , also "Answer from a southern American to a gentleman of this island") was a document written by Simón Bolívar in Jamaica in 1815. It was a response to a letter from Jamaican merchant Henry Cullen, in which Bolívar explained his thoughts about the social and political situation of the Spanish America at the time, the power of the Spanish Empire and the possible future of the new nations that would be created after its collapse. Historical context The fall of the Second Republic of Venezuela In order to rebuild the Republic, the Admirable Campaign took Bolívar very rapidly in just a few months to Caracas on August 6, 1813. However, the whole enterprise came to an end in 1814, when the royalist troops of José Tomás Boves finally defeated the patriot forces and forced Bolívar to retreat, with the additional consequence of being proscribed by José Félix Ribas and Manuel Piar. After this defeat in 1814, Bolívar fled Ven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chavismo
''Chavismo'' (from ), also known in English as Chavism or Chavezism, is a left-wing populist political ideology based on the ideas, programs and government style associated with the Venezuelan President between 1999 and 2013 Hugo Chávez that combines elements of democratic socialism, socialist patriotism, Bolivarianism, and Latin American integration. People who supported Hugo Chávez and ''Chavismo'' are known as ''Chavistas''. Policies Several political parties in Venezuela support ''Chavismo''. The main party, founded by Chávez, is the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (), usually referred to by the four letters PSUV). Other parties and movements supporting ''Chavismo'' include Fatherland for All (Spanish: ''Patria Para Todos'' or PPT) and '' Tupamaros''. Broadly, ''Chavismo'' policies include nationalization, social welfare programs and opposition to neoliberalism (particularly the policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank). According to Ch� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simón Rodríguez
Simón Rodríguez (October 28, 1769, Caracas, Venezuela – February 28, 1854, Amotape, Peru), known during his exile from Spanish America as Samuel Robinson, was a Venezuelan philosopher and educator, notably Simón Bolívar's tutor and mentor. His mother, Rosalia Rodríguez, was the daughter of an owner of farms and livestock; her father was originally from the Canary Islands. Career in Venezuela In May 1791, the Caracas Council (Cabildo) gave him a position as teacher in the "Reading and Writing School for Children". In 1794, he presented his critical writing ''Reflection on the flaws vitiating the Reading and Writing School for Children in Caracas and Means of Achieving its Reform and a New Establishment'' to the council, which represented an original approach to a modern school system. His role in the failed Gual and España conspiracy against the Spanish crown in 1797 forced him to leave Venezuela. Exile In Kingston, Jamaica he changed his name to Samuel Robinso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ezequiel Zamora
Ezequiel Zamora (; 1 February 1817 – 10 January 1860) was a Venezuelan soldier and leader of the Federalists in the Federal War ''(Guerra Federal)'' of 1859–1863. He participated in the 1846 Venezuelan peasant insurrection against the conservative government. He was forced into exile during the March Revolution. En Curaçao he met with Federalist exiles. After the start of the Federal War in 1859, he disembarked in La Vela de Coro. Zamora defeated the conservative government in the battle of Santa Inés, a critical confrontation during the war. Zamora died in 1860 when he received a shot to the head during the preliminary actions for the capture of the plaza of Saint Biography Zamora was born in Cúa, Miranda State. His parents were Alejandro Zamora and Paula Correa, two modest white landowners. He received a basic education during his childhood, common in rural areas disrupted by the struggle for independence from Spain. Later, Zamora moved to Caracas, where he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvador Allende
Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until Death of Salvador Allende, his death in 1973 Chilean coup d'état, 1973. As a socialist committed to democracy, he has been described as the first Marxist to be elected president in a liberal democracy in Latin America. Allende's involvement in Chilean politics spanned a period of nearly forty years, during which he held various positions including Senate of Chile, senator, Chamber of Deputies of Chile, deputy, and cabinet minister. As a life-long committed member of the Socialist Party of Chile, whose foundation he had actively contributed to, he unsuccessfully ran for the national presidency in the 1952 Chilean presidential election, 1952, 1958 Chilean presidential election, 1958, and 1964 Chilean presidential election, 1964 elections. In 1970 Chilean presidential election, 1970, he won the presidency as the candi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Che Guevara
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14th May 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentines, Argentine Communist revolution, Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and Military theory, military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous Counterculture of the 1960s, countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia Che Guevara in popular culture, in popular culture. As a young medical student, Guevara travelled throughout South America and was appalled by the poverty, hunger, and disease he witnessed.On Revolutionary Medicine Speech by Che Guevara to the Cuban Militia on 19 August 1960. "Because of the circumstances in which I traveled, first as a student and later as a doctor, I came into close contact with poverty, hunger a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban politician and revolutionary who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President of Cuba, president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1965 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a One-party state, one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. Born in Birán, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist and anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic#Trujillo Era (1930–61), Dominican Republic and La Violencia, Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala (23 January 1903 – 9 April 1948) was a Colombian politician and statesman who was the leader of the Liberal Party. A nationalist, he served as the mayor of Bogotá from 1936–37, the national Education Minister from 1940–41, and the Labor Minister from 1943–44. He was assassinated during his second presidential campaign in 1948, setting off the '' Bogotazo'' and leading to the outbreak of a brutal ten-year civil war in Colombia known as '' La Violencia'' (1948–1958). His ideas, known as ''Gaitanismo'', are considered a form of liberal socialism in Colombia. Early life and education Born in Bogotá to parents who were rank-and-file members of the Liberal Party, Gaitán and his family had a tenuous hold in the middle class. His birth date is given variously as 1898 and 1903. Gaitán was born in a house in Las Cruces, a neighborhood situated in the center of Bogotá, Colombia. The house has a plaque commemorating Gaitán as a legendary ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
