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Boletus Macrosporus
''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. Since then, other genera have been defined gradually, such as '' Tylopilus'' by Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881, and old names such as ''Leccinum'' have been resurrected or redefined. Some mushrooms listed in older books as members of the genus have now been placed in separate genera. These include such as ''Boletus scaber'', now '' Leccinum scabrum'', ''Tylopilus felleus'', '' Chalciporus piperatus'' and ''Suillus luteus''. Most boletes have been found to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, which means that they form a mutualistic relationship with the roots system of certain kinds of plants. More recently, ''Boletus'' has been found to be massively polyphyletic, with only a small percentage of the over 300 species that have been assigned to ''Boletus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus Edulis
''Boletus edulis'' (English: cep, penny bun, porcino) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus ''Boletus''. It is prized as an edible mushroom. The fungus produces Basidiospore, spore-bearing basidiocarp, fruit bodies above ground in summer and autumn. The fruit body has a large brown pileus (mycology), cap which on occasion can reach , rarely in diameter and in weight. Like other boletes, it has tubes extending downward from the underside of the cap, rather than gills; spores escape at maturity through the tube openings, or pores. The pore surface of the ''B. edulis'' fruit body is whitish when young, but ages to a greenish-yellow. The stout Stipe (mycology), stipe, or stem, is white or yellowish in colour, up to , rarely tall and thick, and partially covered with a raised network pattern, or wikt:reticulate, reticulations. The fungus grows in deciduous forest, deciduous and coniferous forests and tree plantations, forming symbiotic Mycorrhiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalciporus Piperatus
''Chalciporus piperatus'', commonly known as the peppery bolete, is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described by Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, Pierre Bulliard in 1790 as ''Boletus piperatus'', it is only distantly related to other members of the genus ''Boletus'' and was reclassified as ''Chalciporus piperatus'' by Frédéric Bataille in 1908. The genus ''Chalciporus'' was an early branching lineage (evolution), lineage in the Boletaceae and appears to be related to boletes with parasitic properties. A small bolete, the basidiocarp, fruit body has a orange-fawn pileus (mycology), cap with small cinnamon to brown pores underneath. The stipe (mycology), stipe is long and . The trama (mycology), flesh has a very peppery taste. The rare variety (botany), variety ''hypochryseus'', found only in Europe, has yellow pores and tubes. The species is found in mixed woodland in Europe and North America. It has been recorded under introduced species, introduced tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus Bainiugan
''Boletus bainiugan'' is a species of porcini-like fungus native to Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces in Central and Southwestern China, where it grows under '' Pinus yunnanensis'', '' Pinus kesiya'' and '' Castanea mollissima''. It is closely related to '' Boletus reticulatus''. The epithet ''bainiugan'' is the Hanyu Pinyin transcription of the fungus's Mandarin name, "white porcini". The other epithet ''meiweiniuganjun'' likewise is a transcription of "delicious porcini", a name originally used to translate the epithet of ''Boletus edulis ''Boletus edulis'' (English: cep, penny bun, porcino) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus ''Boletus''. It is prized as an edible mushroom. The fungus produces Basidiospore, spore-bearing basidiocarp, fruit bodies ...''. References bainiugan Fungi of China Fungi described in 2013 Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus Aereus
''Boletus aereus'', commonly known as the dark cep, bronze bolete, or queen bolete, is a highly prized and much sought-after edible mushroom in the family Boletaceae. The bolete is widely consumed in Spain (Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country and Navarre), France, Italy, Greece, and generally throughout the Mediterranean. Described in 1789 by French mycology, mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, Pierre Bulliard, it is closely related to several other European boletes, including ''Boletus reticulatus, B. reticulatus'', ''Boletus pinophilus, B. pinophilus'', and the popular ''Boletus edulis, B. edulis''. Some populations in North Africa have in the past been classified as a separate species, ''Boletus mamorensis, B. mamorensis'', but have been shown to be phylogenetics, phylogenetically conspecific to ''B. aereus'' and this taxon is now regarded as a synonym. The fungus predominantly grows in habitats with broad-leaved trees and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus Viscidiceps
''Boletus viscidiceps'' is a species of porcini-like fungus native to Yunnan Province in southwestern China. References viscidiceps Fungi of China Fungi described in 2016 Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus Barrowsii
''Boletus barrowsii'', also known in English as the white king bolete after its pale colored cap, is a species of fungus in the genus ''Boletus''. It was formerly considered a color variant of '' B. edulis''. It can be found under ponderosa pine and live oak in western North America during autumn. It is edible and highly regarded. Taxonomy The species was officially described by American mycologists Harry D. Thiers and Alexander H. Smith in 1976 from a specimen collected near Jacob Lake, Arizona, on August 21, 1971, by amateur mycologist Charles "Chuck" Barrows, who had studied the mushroom in New Mexico. It was previously held to be a white colour form of ''B. edulis''. A 2010 molecular study found that ''B. barrowsii'' was sister to a lineage that gave rise to the species ''B. quercophilus'' of Costa Rica and ''B. nobilissimus'' of eastern North America. Description The cap is in diameter, initially convex in shape before flattening, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanita Caesarea
''Amanita caesarea'', commonly known as Caesar's mushroom, is a highly regarded edible mushroom in the genus ''Amanita'', native to southern Europe and North Africa. While it was first species description, described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772, this mushroom was a known favorite of early rulers of the Roman Empire. It has a distinctive orange pileus (mycology), cap, yellow lamella (mycology), gills and stipe (mycology), stipe. Organic acids have been isolated from this species. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. Although it is edible, the Caesar's mushroom is closely related to the psychoactive fly agaric, and to the deadly poisonous death cap and destroying angels. These can easily be confused for ''A. caesarea'' and thus, presumed ''A. caesarea'' specimens must be identified with complete certainty before they can be assumed edible. Taxonomy ''Amanita caesarea'' was first described by Italian mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (; September 129 – AD), often Anglicization, anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Ancient Rome, Roman and Greeks, Greek physician, surgeon, and Philosophy, philosopher. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of Ancient history, antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic. The son of Aelius Nicon, a wealthy Greek architect with scholarly interests, Galen received a comprehensive education that prepared him for a successful career as a physician and philosopher. Born in the ancient city of Pergamon (present-day Bergama, Turkey), Galen traveled extensively, exposing himself to a wide variety of medical theories and discoveries before settling in Ancient Rome, Rome, where he served prominent members of Roman society and eventually was given the position of perso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Scott (philologist)
Robert Scott (26 January 1811 – 2 December 1887) was a British academic philologist and Church of England priest. He is best known for co-authoring the Greek-English Lexicon, commonly known as Liddell and Scott, which is still in use today. Scott was also a professor of Greek at the University of Oxford for over thirty years before his death on 2 December 1887. Biography Scott was born on 26 January 1811 in Bondleigh, Devon, England. He was educated at St Bees School in Cumbria, and Shrewsbury School in Shropshire. He studied classics at Christ Church, Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1833. Scott was ordained in 1835 and held the college living of Duloe, Cornwall, from 1845 to 1850. He was a prebendary of Exeter Cathedral from 1845 to 1866 and rector of South Luffenham, Rutland, from 1850 to 1854 when he was elected Master of Balliol College, Oxford. He served as Dean Ireland's Professor of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture at Oxford from 1861 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry George Liddell
Henry George Liddell (; 6 February 1811– 18 January 1898) was dean (1855–1891) of Christ Church, Oxford, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University (1870–1874), headmaster (1846–1855) of Westminster School (where a house is now named after him), author of ''A History of Rome'' (1855), and co-author (with Robert Scott) of the monumental work ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', known as "Liddell and Scott", which is still widely used by students of Greek. Lewis Carroll wrote ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' for Henry Liddell's daughter Alice. Life Liddell received his education at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford. He gained a double first degree in 1833, then became a college tutor, and was ordained in 1838. Liddell was Headmaster of Westminster School from 1846 to 1855. Meanwhile, his life work, the great lexicon (based on the German work of Franz Passow), which he and Robert Scott began as early as 1834, had made good progress, and the first edition of ''Liddel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
