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Bohemond VII Of Antioch
Bohemond VII (1261 – October 19, 1287) was the count of Tripoli and nominal prince of Antioch from 1275 to his death. The only part left of the Principality of Antioch was the port of Latakia. He spent much of his reign at war with the Templars (1277–1282). Bohemond VII was the son of Bohemond VI of Antioch and his wife Sibylla of Armenia. As Bohemond VII was still underage at his succession, Sibylla acted as regent, although the regency was also unsuccessfully claimed by King Hugh III of Cyprus, the closest adult in the line of succession. Sibylla appointed Bishop Bartholomew of Tortosa to act as bailli. Bohemond spent his minority under the protection of his uncle King Leo III of Armenia at his court in Cilicia. He returned to Tripoli in 1277 and immediately made peace with Qalawun, the Mamluk sultan, and recognised Roger of San Severino as regent at Acre for Charles I of Anjou. He exempted the Venetians from harbour duties, thus distancing the Genoese and their al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, Lebanon, Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria. When the Crusades, Frankish Crusaders, mostly Occitania, southern French forces – captured the region in 1109, Bertrand of Toulouse became the first count of Tripoli as a vassal of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. From that time on, the rule of the county was decided not strictly by inheritance but by factors such as military force (external and civil war), favour and negotiation. In 1289, the County of Tripoli fell to the Muslim Mamluk, Mamluks of Cairo under Sultan Qalawun, and the county was absorbed into Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk Sultanate. Capture by Christian forces Raymond IV of Toulouse was one of the wealthiest and most powerful of the List of principal Crusaders, crusaders.Tyerman C"God's war – a new history of the crusades"Harvard University Press. 2009. Even so, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acre, Israel
Acre ( ), known in Hebrew as Akko (, ) and in Arabic as Akka (, ), is a List of cities in Israel, city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. The city occupies a strategic location, sitting in a natural harbour at the extremity of Haifa Bay on the coast of the Mediterranean's Levantine Sea. In the Village Statistics, 1945, 1945 census Acre's population numbered 12,360; 9,890 Muslims, 2,330 Christians, 50 Jews and 90 classified as "other".Department of Statistics, 1945, p4Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p40 Acre Prison, Acre's fort was converted into a jail, where members of the Jewish underground were held during their struggle against the Mandate authorities, among them Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Shlomo Ben-Yosef, and Dov Gruner. Gruner and Ben-Yosef were executed there. Other Jewish inmates were freed by members of the Irgun, who Acre Prison break, brok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidon
Sidon ( ) or better known as Saida ( ; ) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located on the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast in the South Governorate, Lebanon, South Governorate, of which it is the capital. Tyre, Lebanon, Tyre, to the south, and the Lebanese capital of Beirut, to the north, are both about away. Sidon has a population of about 80,000 within the city limits, while its metropolitan area has more than a quarter-million inhabitants. Etymology The Phoenician language, Phoenician name (, ) probably meant "fishery" or "fishing town". It is mentioned in Papyrus Anastasi I as ''ḏjdwnꜣ''. It appears in Biblical Hebrew as () and in Classical Syriac, Syriac as (). This was hellenization, Hellenised as (), which was latinization of names, Latinised as and entered English in this form. The name appears in Classical Arabic as () and in Modern Standard Arabic, Modern Arabic as (). As a Colonia (Roman), Roman colony, it was notionally refounded and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enfeh
Anfeh (), also spelled Enfe, Enfeh or Anfe, is a town in the Koura District of the North Governorate of Lebanon. Anfeh borders the towns of Chekka, Al-Qalamoun, Barghoun and Zakroun. It's located north of Beirut and south of Tripoli. Its total area is , and its population is around 6,500. The people are primarily Greek Orthodox with a minority of Maronite Christians and Sunni Muslim. History Remains from at least 3,000 years of human occupation lie tangled among the myrtle and brambles of this 400 meter long and 120m wide peninsula. It is partially separated from the land by two great trenches-dug into the bedrock during the Phoenician period. While Anfeh has witnessed only minor excavation, Phoenician and Roman walls, wine presses, mosaic floors, and two seventh-century-A.D. chapels lie bare beneath the intense sun and wind. This lovely seaside fishing town is known for its ancient churches and caves. Today Anfeh is also known for its salt production. Close to Anf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botron
Batroun ( ';, ancient Botrys (), is a coastal city in North Lebanon, northern Lebanon and one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District. The main Political Party of this city is the Free Patriotic Movement, Free patriotic movement. Batroun is the village of Gebran Bassil the leader of the Free Patriotic Movement. Etymology ''Batroun'' appears in Western Aramaic, and is attested in as ''bṯrwn'' () in premodern Arabic texts, with the expected begadkefat, lenition of t for an Aramaic term. Elie Mardini suggests the shift of the th to t in Aramaic terms in the Levant is due to the merger of certain fricatives in Levantine Arabic. History Batroun is likely the "Batruna" mentioned in the Amarna letters (EA 078, EA 079, EA 081, EA 087, EA 088, EA 090, EA 093, EA 095, EA 124, EA 129), dating to the 14th century B.C. Batroun was mentioned by the ancient geographers Strabo,Stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Master Of The Knights Templar
The grand master of the Knights Templar was the supreme commander of the holy order, starting with founder Hugues de Payens. Some held the office for life while others resigned the office to pass the rest of their life in monasteries or diplomacy. Grand masters often led their knights into battle on the front line and the numerous occupational hazards of battle made some tenures very short. Out of 23 grand masters at least four were killed in action. Each country had its own master, and the masters reported to the grand master. He oversaw all of the operations of the order, including both the military operations in the Holy Land and Eastern Europe, and the financial and business dealings in the order's infrastructure of Western Europe. The grand master controlled the actions of the order but he was expected to act the same way as the rest of the knights. After Pope Innocent II issued the bull '' Omne datum optimum'' on behalf of the Templars in 1139, the grand master was oblige ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of Beaujeu
Guillaume de Beaujeu, aka William of Beaujeu ( 1230 – 1291) was the 21st Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1273 until his death during the siege of Acre in 1291. He was the last Grand Master to preside in Palestine. Biography Guillaume was born around 1230, to be the youngest son of Guichard II of Beaujeu, Seigneur of Montpensier and Catherine, daughter of Guillaume VIII son of Dalfi d'Alvernha. He joined the Knights Templar in 1253, where he probably participated in the Seventh Crusade. He later went to the Kingdom of Jerusalem by 1260 or 1261, then he was captured during an ambush in the region of Tiberias, but released shortly after along with John II of Beirut and John de Embriaco. He was also part of the War of Saint Sabas, which deeply divided the nobility of the Crusader States and military orders. Hence, Baibars, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, took the opportunity to conquer many Christian fortresses including Beaufort Castle, and destroy the Principality of Antio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Tripoli
A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of dioceses. The role or office of the bishop is called episcopacy or the episcopate. Organisationally, several Christian denominations utilise ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority within their dioceses. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Of Segni
Paul of Segni was an Italian nobleman and Franciscan friar who served as the bishop of Tripoli in the Levant from 1261 until 1285 and as a papal legate to the kingdoms of Germany and Sicily in 1279–1280. He was the most prominent churchman from the east at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274. After 1275, he was involved in a dispute with the bishop of Tortosa that took him to Rome. He spent his last five years in Italy. Family Paul was born into the Roman noble family of the counts of Segni and owned land in the Papal State. He was a friar of the Franciscan Order and an associate (''confrater'') of the Order of the Temple. His sister, Lucia, was the wife of Prince Bohemond V of Antioch and mother of Bohemond VI. Tripoli It was through the influence of his sister and nephew that Paul was appointed bishop sometime before October 1261. He succeeded Opizo, who is last mentioned in July 1259 and probably died around the time of the Mongol invasion of 1260. Opizo had excommunicated B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy II Embriaco
Guy II or Guido II, surnamed Embriaco (died 1282), was the lord of Gibelet (Arabic ''Jubayl'', Greek ''Byblos'') from about 1271 until his death. Guy was the eldest son of Henry I Embriaco and Isabella of the House of Ibelin, a daughter of Lord Balian of Beirut. For this reason, the '' Gestes des Chyprois'' call him Guy of Ibelin. He was a cousin of Count Bohemond VII. He succeeded his father as lord of Gibelet not long before 2 June 1271. According to the ''Lignages d'Outremer'', Guy married Margaret, daughter of Count Julian of Sidon. They were related within the prohibited degree. On 1 October 1274, Guy named his daughter Mary as his heir if he died without sons and made his uncle Bertrand her guardian. He became a lay brother of the Knights Templar around 1276. Between 1276 and 1282, Guy was embroiled in a war with the Countess Sibyl and Bishop Bartholomew of Tortosa, regents of the County of Tripoli for the young Bohemond VII. The conflict was provoked by the marriage of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byblos
Byblos ( ; ), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (, Lebanese Arabic, locally ), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. The area is believed to have been first settled between 8800 and 7000BC and continuously inhabited since 5000BC. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous cultures including Old Kingdom of Egypt, Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Achaemenid Empire, Persian, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic, Roman Empire, Roman, Genoese Republic, Genoese, Mamluk Sultanate, Mamluk and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman. Urbanisation is thought to have begun during the third millennium BC when it developed into a city, making it one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, if not the oldest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was in Ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, likely the ancestor of the Greek alphabet, Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed. Etymology The name appears as ''Keb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embriaco Family
The Embriaco family were a prominent Genoese family, who played an important role in the history of the Crusader states. It also gave consuls, admirals and ambassadors to the Republic of Genoa. The family ruled the city of Byblos (in present-day Lebanon), styling themselves "Lord (Signore) of Gib(e)let" or "Gibelletto", the name which the city was called at the time. Their rule lasted for almost 200 years, from 1100 to the late 13th century. History They arrived in the Kingdom of Jerusalem as early as 1099, with Guglielmo Embriaco and his brother Primo di Castello. They had Byblos, given to Ugo I Embriaco by Bertrand of Toulouse, from about 1110, thanks to Embriaco's military assistance in the creation of the Crusader states, on behalf of the Republic of Genoa. Guglielmo Embriaco's son, Ugo I, was the first administrator of "Gibelletto" in the name of the Genoese republic, he then obtained the city as a hereditary fief, undertaking to pay an annual fee to Genoa and to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
