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Bodianus Busellatus
''Bodianus'' is a genus of fish in the family of wrasses, the Labridae, which are commonly known as hogfishes. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. These species have many parasites. Taxonomy ''Bodianus'' belongs to the wrasse tribe Hypsigenyini. Gomon (2006) split up the species in ''Bodianus'' amongst 10 subgenera. However, these sub-classifications of ''Bodianus'' only roughly line up with findings of more recent phylogenetic analyses. The three species '' B. darwini'', '' B. pulcher'', and '' B. reticulatus'', commonly called the sheephead wrasses, have traditionally formed their own genus ''Semicossyphus''. Although at least the latter two species form a monophyletic lineage with each other, ''Semicossyphus'' has subsequently been synonymized with ''Bodianus'', as molecular phylogenetics found that ''Semicossyphus'' is nested deep within ''Bodianus''. Similarly, '' Clepticus parrae'' and likely all '' Clepticus'' species also nest within ''Bodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from the Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Through its separation of Afro-Eurasia from the Americas, the Atlantic Ocean has played a central role in the development of human society, globalization, and the histories of many nations. While the Norse colonization of North America, Norse were the first known humans to cross the Atlantic, it was the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 that proved to be the most consequential. Columbus's expedition ushered in an Age of Discovery, age of exploration and colonization of the Americas by European powers, most notably Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clepticus
''Clepticus'' is a genus of wrasses native to the Atlantic Ocean. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Clepticus africanus'' Heiser, R. L. Moura & D. R. Robertson, 2000 (African creole wrasse) * '' Clepticus brasiliensis'' Heiser, R. L. Moura & D. R. Robertson, 2000 (Brazilian creole wrasse) * '' Clepticus parrae'' (Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include: A *Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881–1925), Austrian entrepreneur *Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter *Alexandre Bloch (1857–1919), French painter *Alfred Bloch ( ... & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (creole wrasse) References Labridae Marine fish genera Taxa named by Georges Cuvier {{Labridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creole Wrasse
The creole wrasse (''Clepticus parrae'') is a species of wrasse native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Description The creole wrasse is a small wrasse, with males reaching around in length, while females are smaller. It has a typical wrasse shape. Like many wrasse, it changes colour markedly during its lifetime, with juveniles being almost completely violet-purple. As it matures, it develops a yellow patch on the rear part of its body. Distribution The species is found throughout the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil, including Bermuda Islands, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. Ecology This wrasse lives in groups, aggregating on coral reef slopes, down to around in depth. These groups feed on plankton, including small jellyfish, pteropods, pelagic tunicates, and invertebrate larvae. The creole wrasse is active by day, and at night it retreats alone to a rocky crevice in the reef to sleep. Reproduction The creole wrasse is a protog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A '' polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Sheephead Wrasse
The Asian sheephead wrasse (''Bodianus reticulatus''), also known as kobudai in Japan, is one of the largest species of wrasse. Native to the western Pacific Ocean, it inhabits rocky reef areas and prefers temperate waters around the Korean Peninsula, China, Japan, and the Ogasawara Islands. It can reach in fish measurement, total length, and the greatest weight recorded is . Taxonomy The Asian sheephead wrasse, as the common name indicates, is a wrasse, and thus is in the family Labridae. It has long been placed in the genus ''Semicossyphus'', along with the California sheephead, California and Semicossyphus darwini, goldspot sheephead wrasses,Ochi, Y., Fukui, Y., Sakai, Y., & Hashimoto, H. (2017). Age, growth and reproduction of the Asian sheephead Wrasse ''Semicossyphus reticulatus'' in the Western Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Ichthyological Research, 64(4), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-017-0575-6 Kuwamura, T. (2022). Evolution of hermaphroditism in fishes: Phylogeny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Sheephead
The California sheephead (''Bodianus pulcher'', (Synonym (taxonomy), formerly ''Semicossyphus pulcher'') is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its range is from Monterey Bay, California, to the Gulf of California, Mexico. It can live for over 50 years and can reach a size of up to and a weight of . It is carnivorous, living in rocky reef and kelp bed habitats, feeding primarily on sea urchins, molluscs, and crustaceans. All California sheephead are hatched female and morph into their male form at various stages in their lifecycle, determined by environmental conditions and pressures. Because of this, they are considered to be protogynous hermaphrodites which have planktonic larvae. Their coral and kelp-heavy habitat provides protection from predators, which is important as this species is diurnality, diurnal, foraging during the day and seeking shelter at night. The California sheephead is considered vulnerable species, vulnerable due to high fishing rates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodianus Darwini
''Bodianus darwini'' is a species of ray-finned fish native to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Common names include the Chilean sheepshead wrasse, the goldspot sheepshead or the Galapagos sheepshead wrasse. Taxonomy Traditionally it was placed in the genus ''Semicossyphus'', until molecular phylogenetics found that ''Semicossyphus'' should be lumped into ''Bodianus'', as ''Semicossyphus'' was nested deep within ''Bodianus''. Description This is a large wrasse, with a maximum length of . The dorsal fin has twelve spines and ten soft rays while the anal fin has three spines and twelve soft rays. Distribution and habitat ''S. darwini'' is native to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Its range includes the Galápagos Islands and on the coast of South America, extends from Ecuador southward through Peru to northern Chile. It is normally found among seaweed, including deep-water kelp forests, and its depth range is from . Ecology The strong sharp teeth provide evidence of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Analyses
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and Morphology (biology), morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothesis, hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living Taxon, taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in questi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsigenyini
The hypsigenyine wrasses are saltwater fish of the tribe Hypsigenyini, a subgroup of the wrasse family (Wrasse, Labridae). The group is circumglobal, being found in almost all the of world's shallow tropical marine waters, although some species are also found in temperate zones. Taxonomy Hypsigenyini is the sister group to all other wrasse tribes. The group was first proposed in 1997. Since then, molecular phylogenetics has found that it also includes Odacidae, odacines and the genus ''Chiseltooth wrasse, Pseudodax''. Odacines were once considered to be their own taxonomic family, but have been found nested deep within the hypsigenyine wrasses, and are the sister group to the hypsigenyine genus ''Choerodon''. Odacines remain a Monophyly, monophyletic group however. ''Pseudodax'' was once considered to be the closest relative to parrotfish (tribe Scarini), but is now considered a basal hypsigenyine. Westneat & Alfaro (2005) and Hughes et al (2022) found that the hogfish (''Lach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasites
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson characterised parasites' way of feeding as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
