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Blood Quantum
Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws that define Native Americans in the United States status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These laws were enacted by the Federal government of the United States, federal government and State governments of the United States, state governments as a way to Judicial aspects of race in the United States, establish legally defined racial population groups. By contrast, many Tribe (Native American), tribes do not include blood quantum as part of their own enrollment criteria. Blood quantum laws were first imposed by white settlers in the 18th century. Blood quantum (BQ) continues to be a controversial topic. History of blood quantum law In 1705, the Colony of Virginia adopted the "Indian Blood law" that limited the civil rights of Native Americans and persons of one-half or more Native American ancestry. This also had the effect of regulating who would be classified as Native American. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the US g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creeks In Oklahoma
A creek in North America and elsewhere, such as Australia, is a stream that is usually smaller than a river. In the British Isles it is a small Tidal creek, tidal inlet. Creek may also refer to: * Creek people, a former name of Muscogee, Native Americans * Creek language or Muscogee language *Creek (surname) * Creek County, Oklahoma, United States * Creek Audio, a British hi-fi company * TH-67 Creek, a U.S. Army variant of the Bell 206 helicopter * "Creek", a 2024 song by Alli Walker * Creek, the original band name of English rock outfit Pale Waves See also * Creak (other) * Crick (other) * Kreek, a surname {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Government
The Federal Government of the United States of America (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the Federation#Federal governments, national government of the United States. The U.S. federal government is composed of three distinct branches: United States Congress, legislative, President of the United States, executive, and Federal judiciary of the United States, judicial. Powers of these three branches are defined and vested by the Constitution of the United States, U.S. Constitution, which has been in continuous effect since May 4, 1789. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by Act of Congress, Acts of Congress, including the creation of United States federal executive departments, executive departments and courts subordinate to the Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court. In the Federalism in the United States, federal division of power, the federal government shares sovereignty with each of the 50 states in their respective t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherokee Nation
The Cherokee Nation ( or ) is the largest of three list of federally recognized tribes, federally recognized tribes of Cherokees in the United States. It includes people descended from members of the Cherokee Nation (1794–1907), Old Cherokee Nation who relocated, due to increasing pressure, from the Southeast to Indian Territory and Cherokees who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen and Natchez Nation. As of 2024, over 466,000 people were enrolled in the Cherokee Nation. Headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the Cherokee Nation has a Indian reservation, reservation spanning 14 counties in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma. These are Adair County, Oklahoma, Adair, Cherokee County, Oklahoma, Cherokee, Craig County, Oklahoma, Craig, Delaware County, Oklahoma, Delaware, Mayes County, Oklahoma, Mayes, McIntosh County, Oklahoma, McIntosh, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, Muskogee, Nowata County, Oklahoma, Nowata, Ottaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitimacha
The Chitimacha ( ; or ) are an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands in Louisiana. They are a federally recognized tribe, the Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana. The Chitimacha have an Indian reservation in St. Mary Parish near Charenton on Bayou Teche. Their reservation is a small part of their precontact territory. They are the only Louisiana tribe who still control some of their original land, where they have long occupied areas of the Atchafalaya Basin, "one of the richest inland estuaries on the continent."''NATIVE WATERS: A CHITIMACHA RECOLLECTION'' (1/30/2011) , American Public Television, Louisiana Public Broadcasting; accessed 20 September 2011 In 2011 they numbered about 1100 people. Historically, the Chitimacha spoke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Indians In The United States
Black Indians are Native American people – defined as Native American due to being affiliated with Native American communities and being culturally Native American – who also have significant African American heritage. Historically, certain Native American tribes have had close relations with African Americans, especially in regions where slavery was prevalent or where free people of color have historically resided. Members of the Five Civilized Tribes participated in holding enslaved African Americans in the Southeast and some enslaved or formerly enslaved people migrated with them to the West on the Trail of Tears in 1830 and later during the period of Indian Removal. In controversial actions, since the late 20th century, the Cherokee, Creek and Seminole nations tightened their rules for membership and at times excluded Freedmen who did not have at least one ancestor listed as Native American on the early 20th-century Dawes Rolls. This exclusion was later appealed in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Claims
A land claim is "the pursuit of recognized territorial ownership by a group or individual". The phrase is usually only used with respect to disputed or unresolved land claims. Some types of land claims include aboriginal land claims, Antarctic land claims, and post-colonial land claims. The term is also sometimes used when referring to disputed territories like Western Sahara or to refer to the claims of displaced persons. In the colonial times of the United States, American men could claim a piece of land for themselves and the claim has different level of merit according to the de facto conditions: # claim without any action on the ground # claim with (movable) property of the claimant on the ground # claim with the claimant visiting the land # claim with claimant living on the land. Today, only small areas of unclaimed land remain, yet large plots of land with little economical value (e.g., in Alaska) can still be bought for very low prices. Also, in certain parts of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Little Traverse Bay Bands Of Odawa Indians
The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI, ) is a Native American recognition in the United States, federally recognized Native Americans in the United States, Native American List of Native American Tribal Entities, tribe of Odawa people, Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4,000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the U.S. state, state of Michigan, Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated Indian reservation, reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix County, Michigan, Charlevoix and Emmet County, Michigan, Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs, Michigan, Harbor Springs (formerly known as ''L'Arbre Croche'' in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, Michigan, Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix, Michigan, Charlevoix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Census
A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of statistics. This term is used mostly in connection with Population and housing censuses by country, national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include Census of agriculture, censuses of agriculture, traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The United Nations (UN) defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ten years. UN recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, and other useful information to coordinate international practices. The United Nations, UN's Food ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Civilized Tribes
The term Five Civilized Tribes was applied by the United States government in the early federal period of the history of the United States to the five major Native American nations in the Southeast: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminoles. White Americans classified them as "civilized" because they had adopted attributes of the Anglo-American culture. The descriptor "civilized", historically used to obscure the cultural imperialism of White settlers, is seldom used nowadays because of the derogatory implication that other Native tribes were uncivilized. Consequently, the grouping of these nations is referred to as The Five Tribes or simply Five Tribes. Examples of such colonial attributes adopted by these five tribes included Christianity, centralized governments, literacy, market participation, written constitutions, intermarriage with White Americans, and chattel slavery practices, including purchase of enslaved Black Americans. For a period, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawes Rolls
The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The commission was authorized by United States Congress in 1893 to execute the General Allotment Act of 1887. Traditionally, the land in these tribal communities had been held communally. With the establishment of the Dawes Commission, the ruling was made by the colonial agents to divide the land into parcels and institute a system of individual ownership in accordance with US laws, overriding the treaty and tribal laws of the region.Angie Debo, ''And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940; new edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984), p.39 . To allot the communal lands, citizens of the Five Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) were to be enumerated and registered by the US government. These counts al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choctaw Nation Of Oklahoma
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (Choctaw language, Choctaw: ''Chahta Okla'') is a Indian reservation, Native American reservation occupying portions of southeastern Oklahoma in the United States. At roughly , it is the second-largest reservation in area after the Navajo Nation, Navajo, exceeding that of the List of U.S. states and territories by area, seven smallest U.S. states (Rhode Island, Delaware, Connecticut, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts). The seat of government is located in Durant, Oklahoma. As of 2011, the tribe has 223,279 enrolled members, of whom 84,670 live within the state of Oklahoma and 41,616 live within the Choctaw Nation's jurisdiction. A total of 233,126 people live within these boundaries, with its tribal jurisdictional area comprising 10.5 counties in the state. The Choctaw Nation is the third-largest federally recognized tribe in the United States, and shares borders with the reservations of the Chickasaw Nation, Chickasaw, Muscogee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulcrum Publishing
A fulcrum (: fulcra or fulcrums) is the support about which a lever pivots. Fulcrum may also refer to: Companies and organizations * Fulcrum (Anglican think tank), a Church of England think tank * Fulcrum Press, a British publisher of poetry * Fulcrum Wheels, a bicycle wheel manufacturer in Italy * The Fulcrum, an American news site Entertainment * ''Fulcrum'' (annual), a United States literary periodical * Fulcrum (''Chuck''), the enemy spy organization on the TV series ''Chuck'' * ''Fulcrum'' (newspaper), a student newspaper at the University of Ottawa * ''Fulcrum'' (sculpture), a 1987 sculpture in London by Richard Serra * The Fulcrum (comics), a supreme being in the Marvel Comics universe * Ahsoka Tano, a character in the animated series ''Star Wars Rebels'' who uses the alias Fulcrum ** Agent Alexsandr Kallus, a character from the same series who took the alias Fulcrum after Ahsoka Tano. Other * Fulcrum (Antarctica), a geological formation in Antarctica * Fulcrum (dru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
