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Beyond The Limits
''Beyond the Limits'' is a 1992 book continuing the modeling of the consequences of a rapidly growing global population that was started in the 1972 report '' Limits to Growth''. Donella Meadows, Dennis Meadows, and Jørgen Randers are the authors and all were involved in the original Club of Rome study as well. ''Beyond the Limits'' (Chelsea Green Publishing Company) and Earthscan addressed many of the criticisms of the ''Limits to Growth'' book, but still has caused controversy and mixed reactions. Reviews :"Society has gone into overshoot, … a state of being beyond limits without knowing it. These limits are more like speed limits than barriers at the end of the road: the rate at which renewable resources can renew themselves, the rate at which we can change from nonrenewable resources to renewable ones, and the rate at which nature can recycle our pollution. … are overshooting such crucial resources as food and water while overwhelming nature with pollutants like tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donella Meadows
Donella Hager "Dana" Meadows (March 13, 1941 – February 20, 2001) was an American environmental scientist Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geograp ..., educator, and writer. She is best known as lead author of the books ''The Limits to Growth'' and ''Thinking In Systems: A Primer''. Early life and education Born in Elgin, Illinois, Meadows was educated in science, receiving a Bachelor of Arts, B.A. in chemistry from Carleton College in 1963 and a PhD in biophysics from Harvard University, Harvard in 1968. After a yearlong trip from England to Sri Lanka and back, she became a research fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a member of a team in the department created by Jay Forrester, the inventor of system dynamics as well as the principle of magnetic dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption is the amount of energy used. Biology In the body, energy consumption is part of energy homeostasis. It derived from food energy. Energy consumption in the body is a product of the basal metabolic rate and the physical activity level. The physical activity level are defined for a non-pregnant, non-lactating adult as that person's total energy expenditure (TEE) in a 24-hour period, divided by his or her basal metabolic rate (BMR): :\text=\frac Demographics Topics related to energy consumption in a demographic sense are: * World energy supply and consumption * Domestic energy consumption * Electric energy consumption Effects of energy consumption * Environmental impact of the energy industry ** Global warming * White's law Reduction of energy consumption * Energy conservation, the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used * Efficient energy use See also * Energy efficiency * Energy efficiency in transportation * Electricity generation * En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Books About Environmentalism
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical arrangement is ''codex'' (plural, ''codices''). In the history of hand-held physical supports for extended written compositions or records, the codex replaces its predecessor, the scroll. A single sheet in a codex is a leaf and each side of a leaf is a page. As an intellectual object, a book is prototypically a composition of such great length that it takes a considerable investment of time to compose and still considered as an investment of time to read. In a restricted sense, a book is a self-sufficient section or part of a longer composition, a usage reflecting that, in antiquity, long works had to be written on several scrolls and each scroll had to be identified by the book it contained. Each part of Aristotle's '' Physics'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 In The Environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1992. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues. Events *The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change supplementary report of 1992 was published to contribute to the debate on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the 1992 Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro. *Henry W. Kendall, a former chair of the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) board of directors, wrote " World Scientists' Warning to Humanity", which begins: "Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course." A majority of the Nobel Prize laureates in the sciences signed the document; about 1,700 of the world's leading scientists appended their signature. *A moratorium is placed on the Northern Cod fishery by the Canadian government after a collapse in the annual harvested quantity. January * A storm in the North Pacific Ocean causes a shipping container containing 28,800 F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Non-fiction Books
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Ultimate Resource
''The Ultimate Resource'' is a 1981 book written by Julian Lincoln Simon challenging the notion that humanity was running out of natural resources. It was revised in 1996 as ''The Ultimate Resource 2''. Overview The overarching thesis on why there is no resource crisis is that as a particular resource becomes more scarce, its price rises. This price rise creates an incentive for people to discover more of the resource, ration and recycle it, and eventually, develop substitutes. The "ultimate resource" is not any particular physical object but the capacity for humans to invent and adapt. Scarcity The work opens with an explanation of scarcity, noting its relation to price; high prices denote relative scarcity and low prices indicate abundance. Simon usually measures prices in wage-adjusted terms, since this is a measure of how much labor is required to purchase a fixed amount of a particular resource. Since prices for most raw materials (e.g., copper) have fallen between 1800 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peak Oil
Peak oil is the hypothetical point in time when the maximum rate of global oil production is reached, after which it is argued that production will begin an irreversible decline. It is related to the distinct concept of oil depletion; while global petroleum reserves are finite, the limiting factor is not whether the oil exists but whether it can be extracted economically at a given price. A secular decline in oil extraction could be caused both by depletion of accessible reserves and by reductions in demand that reduce the price relative to the cost of extraction, as might be induced to reduce carbon emissions. Numerous predictions of the timing of peak oil have been made over the past century before being falsified by subsequent growth in the rate of petroleum extraction.David White, "The unmined supply of petroleum in the United States," ''Transactions of the Society of Automotive Engineers'', 1919, v.14, part 1, p.227.Daniel Yergin“There will be oil,”Wall Street Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steady-state Economy
A steady-state economy is an economy made up of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant population size. In effect, such an economy does not grow in the course of time. The term usually refers to the national economy of a particular country, but it is also applicable to the economic system of a city, a region, or the entire world. Early in the history of economic thought, classical economist Adam Smith of the 18th century developed the concept of a ''stationary state'' of an economy: Smith believed that any national economy in the world would sooner or later settle in a final state of stationarity. Since the 1970s, the concept of a steady-state economy has been associated mainly with the work of leading ecological economist Herman Daly. As Daly's concept of a ''steady-state'' includes the ecological analysis of natural resource flows through the economy, his concept differs from the original classical concept of a ''stationary state''. One other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World3
The World3 model is a system dynamics model for computer simulation of interactions between population, industrial growth, food production and limits in the ecosystems of the earth. It was originally produced and used by a Club of Rome study that produced the model and the book ''The Limits to Growth'' (1972). The creators of the model were Dennis Meadows, project manager, and a team of 16 researchers. The model was documented in the book ''Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World''. It added new features to Jay W. Forrester's World2 model. Since World3 was originally created, it has had minor tweaks to get to the World3/91 model used in the book ''Beyond the Limits'', later improved to get the World3/2000 model distributed by the Institute for Policy and Social Science Research and finally the World3/2004 model used in the book ''Limits to Growth: the 30 year update''. World3 is one of several global models that have been generated throughout the world (Mesarovic/Pestel Model, Baril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donella Meadows' Twelve Leverage Points To Intervene In A System
The twelve leverage points to intervene in a system were proposed by Donella Meadows, a scientist and system analyst who studied environmental limits to economic growth. History The leverage points, first published in 1997, were inspired by Meadows' attendance at a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) meeting in the early 1990s, where she realized a very large new system was being proposed but the mechanisms to manage it were ineffective. Meadows, who worked in the field of systems analysis, proposed a scale of places to intervene in a system. Awareness and manipulation of these levers is an aspect of self-organization and can lead to collective intelligence. Her observations are often cited in energy economics, green economics and human development theory. Meadows started with the observation that there are levers, or places within a complex system (such as a firm, a city, an economy, a living being, an ecosystem, an ecoregion) where a "small shift in one thing can pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortune (magazine)
''Fortune'' is an American multinational business magazine headquartered in New York City. It is published by Fortune Media Group Holdings, owned by Thai businessman Chatchaval Jiaravanon. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929. The magazine competes with '' Forbes'' and '' Bloomberg Businessweek'' in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles. The magazine regularly publishes ranked lists, including the ''Fortune'' 500, a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955. The magazine is also known for its annual ''Fortune Investor's Guide''. History ''Fortune'' was founded by '' Time'' magazine co-founder Henry Luce in 1929 as "the Ideal Super-Class Magazine", a "distinguished and de luxe" publication "vividly portraying, interpreting and recording the Industrial Civilization". Briton Hadden, Luce's business partner, was not enthusiastic about the idea – which Luce originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Rainwater
Richard Edward Rainwater (June 15, 1944 – September 27, 2015) was an American investor and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $3 billion, he ranked 211th on the Forbes 400 in 2015. His investing style was described as "analytically rigorous but opportunistic and Texas-sized in its audacity." Rainwater was a mentor and early backer of investors including Eddie Lampert, Roger Staubach, and David Bonderman. Between 2009 and his death in 2015, he suffered from progressive supranuclear palsy, a rare disease involving neurodegeneration. During his lifetime, Rainwater donated over $380 million to charitable causes and left nearly all of his estate to his charitable foundation. Early life Rainwater grew up in Fort Worth, Texas. Richard Rainwater was born in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1944. He grew up in a family of entrepreneurs and investors, and was exposed to the world of business and finance at an early age. Rainwater's father, Sam, was a successful businessman and investor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
