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Belarusian Peasants' And Workers' Union
The Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union or the Hramada (, ) was a socialist agrarian political party created in 1925 by a group of Belarusian deputies to the Sejm#Sejm of the Second Polish Republic, Sejm of the Second Polish Republic that included Branislaw Tarashkyevich, Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski '':be:Сымон Рак-Міхайлоўскі, (be)'', Piotra Miatła '':be:Пётра Мятла, (be)'', and the founder of ''Hramada'' Pavieł Vałošyn '':be:Павел Пятровіч Валошын, (be)''. ''[no source of data provided]'' The group received logistical help from the Soviet Union, and financial aid from the Comintern. Ideology The main points of BPWU's program were: the democratic self-governance for West Belarus within Poland, introduction of an eight-hour working day, the recognition of the Belarusian language in Poland as a second official language, the cancellation of the "colonization of Belarus" by the Polish Osadniks, and the free distribution to peasan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue, and green light. The color white can be given with white pigments, especially titanium dioxide. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore white togas as symbols of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France as well as the flag of monarchist France from 1815 to 1830, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). Greek temples and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valozhyn
Valozhyn or Volozhin (, ; ; ; ; ) is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Valozhyn District. It is located northwest of the capital Minsk, on the Valozhynka River in the Neman, Neman River basin, and the beginning of the Naliboki forest. In 1995, its population was approximately 11,500. As of 2025, it has a population of 9,923. Before World War II, about half the town's population were Jews, Jewish but they were murdered during the Holocaust. History Overview The town was built on the main road leading from Vilnius to Minsk. It is divided into two sections: the "lower neighborhood" along the river and the "upper neighborhood" toward the hills. Half of the town square is framed by the remains of 12th century buildings, including a bell tower, a palace, and a monastery. Most of the other remaining impressive buildings in the town are from the 19th century. Valozhyn was established as a "privately owned city" by Count Tyszkiewicz family, Tyszk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bielsk Podlaski
Bielsk Podlaski (, , ) is a town in eastern Poland, within Bielsk County in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 24,883. Geography Bielsk Podlaski is located in the geographical region of Europe known as the Podlasie-Belarus Plateau (Polish: ''Wysoczyzny Podlasko-Białoruskie'') and the mesoregion known as the Bielsk plain (Polish: ''Równina Bielska''). The town covers an area of . Location It is located approximately northeast of Warsaw, the capital of Poland and southwest of Białystok, the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. History Bielsk Podlaski has a long and rich history, dating back to the 12th century, when this area of Poland belonged to Kievan Rus'. The Gord (archaeology), gord of Bielsk was probably founded by Ruthenian dukes, and its existence was first mentioned in 1253, in the so-called Hypatian Codex. In 1273, Bielsk was captured by Lithuanian duke Traidenis, and in the early 14th century, whole province of Podlasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baranovichi
Baranavichy or Baranovichi is a city in the Brest Region of western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Baranavichy District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has a population of 170,817. It is home to an important railway junction and to Baranavichy State University. General information The city of Baranavichy is located on the Baranavichy Plain in the interfluve of Shchara and its tributary Myshanka. Baranavichy is located virtually on a straight line, connecting the regional center Brest (206 km) and Minsk (149 km). Nearby cities include Lyakhavichy (17 km), Slonim (42 km), Nyasvizh (51 km), Navahrudak (52 km), and Hantsavichy (72 km). Baranavichy is located on flat terrain where the height difference does not exceed 20 m (from 180 to 200 m above sea level). The altitude of the city is 193 m above sea level. The total length of the city is 10 km from west to east and 7 km from south to north. The city is som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–39)
Nowogródek Voivodeship can refer to: * Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth * Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939) in the Second Polish Republic {{Disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powiat
A ''powiat'' (; ) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (Local administrative unit, LAU-1 [formerly Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS-4]) in other countries. The term "''powiat''" is most often translated into English as "county" or "district" (sometimes "poviat"). In historical contexts, this may be confusing because the Polish term ''hrabstwo'' (an administrative unit administered/owned by a ''hrabia'' (count) is also literally translated as "county". A ''powiat'' is part of a larger unit, the Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship (Polish language, Polish ''województwo'') or province. A ''powiat'' is usually subdivided into ''gminas'' (in English, often referred to as "Commune (administrative division), communes" or "municipality, municipalities"). Major towns and cities, however, function as separate counties in their own right, without subdivision into ''gmina''s. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Western Belarus
The Communist Party of Western Belorussia (, KPZB; ) was a banned political party in the Interwar Poland, active in the territory of present-day West Belarus from 1923 until 1939; in Polesie (1932–1933) Słonim county (1934) and Vilnius. History The party was founded in 1923 in Wilno by representatives of the Belarusian communist circles from Wilno, Białystok and Brest with logistical help from the Bolsheviks. Although its name, the Communist Party of Western Belarus, could suggest a desire for independence of Belarus, wrote historian Sergiusz Łukasiewicz, in reality the party aimed for the transfer of eastern provinces of Poland to the Soviet Union. As this constituted high treason, the party was illegalized by the Polish authorities. The party's political program included a socialist revolution in Poland and unification of Western Belorussia with the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR. The party worked undercover; in 1925-1927 it masked its illegal activitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Democratic Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; , ), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The Council proclaimed the Belarusian Democratic Republic independent in its Third Constituent Charter on 25 March 1918 during the occupation of contemporary Belarus by the Imperial German Army. The government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic never had power over the whole territory of Belarus. In 1919, it co-existed with an alternative Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia-controlled Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (which later became part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia, Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), moving its seat of government to Vilnius and Hrodna, but ceased to exist due to the partition of the whole Belarusian territory between the Bolshevik Red Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995)
The national flag of Belarus is an unequal red-green bicolour with a red-on-white Rushnik, ornament pattern placed at the Glossary of vexillology#Flag elements, hoist (staff) end. The current design was introduced in 2012 by the State Committee for Standardisation of the Republic of Belarus, and is adapted from a design approved in a 1995 Belarusian referendum, May 1995 referendum. It is a modification of the flag of the Byelorussian SSR, 1951 flag used while Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. Changes made to the Soviet-era flag were the removal of communism, communist symbols – the hammer and sickle and the red star – as well as the reversal of the colours in the ornament pattern. Since the 1995 referendum, several flags used by Belarusian government officials and agencies have been modelled on this national flag. Historically, the white-red-white flag was used by the Belarusian People's Republic in 1918 before Belarus b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Belarus
Eastern Belorussia (Eastern Belarus; ) is a historical region of Belarus traditionally inhabited by members of the Eastern Orthodox Church, in contrast to the largely-Catholic western Belorussia. Historically dominated politically by the peasantry, eastern Belorussia was a stronghold of the Belarusian Socialist Assembly after the February Revolution and later became the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic during the interwar period. History According to historian Grigory Ioffe, eastern Belorussia was among the first places in Belarus to adopt the demonym "Belarusian", doing so during the late 19th century. At the same time, western Belorussians commonly called themselves Litvins, while residents of Polesia referred to themselves as Poleshuks. Development of Belarusian nationalism Prior to 1917, eastern Belorussia fell within the Minsk Governorate, Minsk, Mogilev Governorate, Mogilev, and Vitebsk Governorates of the Russian Empire. In contrast to the nationally-minded w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osadnik
Osadniks (, "settler/settlers, colonist/colonists") were veterans of the Polish Army and civilians who were given or sold state land in the ''Kresy'' (current Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) territory ceded to Poland by Polish-Soviet Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 (and occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939 and ceded to it after World War II). The Polish word was also a loanword that was used in the Soviet Union. Settlement process Shortly before the Battle of Warsaw on August 7, 1920, Polish Prime Minister Wincenty Witos announced that after the war, volunteers and soldiers who served on the front would have priority in purchase of state-owned land, while the soldiers to receive medals for bravery would receive land free of charge. The announcement was partly to repair the Polish morale, shaken after the retreat from the east. On December 17 the Sejm (Polish parliament) passed the ''Act on Nationalization of North-Eastern Powiats of the Republic'' and ''Act on Granting the Sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
