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Bebai Ha-Levi Ben R. Abba Of Nehar Pekod
Rav Bebai ha-Levi ben Rav Abba of Nehar Pekod (Hebrew: רב ביבוי הלוי בר אבא מנהר פקוד) also known as Rav Bibi (רב ביבי) was the Gaon of Sura from 778 up until his death in 789. Biography Born in the early 8th century, in his early years Rav Bibi studied in Nehar Pekod, later moving to Pumbedita where he gained prominence in the community. He was elected to the Gaonate of Sura in 778, succeeding Mari ha-Levi ben R. Mesharsheya. During his tenure as Gaon, Rav Bibi implemented several halakic economic reforms which were in response to the growing decline of land ownership and agriculturalism amongst Babylonian Jewry.Gershom Harpens (2004), The Talmudic Age. p. 248-249 Some have identified Rav Bibi as the author of Meat on Charcoals, but many others have discredited this.Meat on coals from the book [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved throughout history as the main liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. Hebrew is the only Canaanite language still spoken today, and serves as the only truly successful example of a dead language that has been revived. It is also one of only two Northwest Semitic languages still in use, with the other being Aramaic. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as ''Lashon Hakodesh'' (, ) since a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sura Academy
Sura Academy (Hebrew: ישיבת סורא) was a Jewish yeshiva located in Sura, Babylonia. With Pumbedita Academy, it was one of the two major Jewish academies from the year 225 CE at the beginning of the era of the Amora sages until 1033 CE at the end of the era of the Gaonim. Sura Yeshiva Academy was founded by the Amora Abba Arika ("Rav"), a disciple of Judah ha-Nasi. Among the well-known sages that headed the yeshiva were Rav Huna, Rav Chisda, Rav Ashi, Yehudai Gaon, Natronai Gaon, Saadia Gaon, and others. History Rav (Abba Arikha) arrived at Sura city to find no lively Jewish religious public life, and since he was worried about the continuity of the Jewish community in Babylonia, he left his colleague Samuel of Nehardea in Nehardea and began working to establish the yeshiva that would become Sura Academy. Upon Rav's arrival, teachers from surrounding cities and towns descended upon Sura. The Academy of Sura was formally founded in the year 225 CE, several years aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nehar Pekod
Nehar Peḳod (Hebrew: נהר פקוד) was a Babylonian Jewish community in the town of Nehardea. Nehar Pekod was popularized as a center of learning by Rav Hananiah, leading to thousands of Judeans settling in the town after the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Rav Hananiah even tried to establish a bet midrash and a Sanhedrin with the authority to manage and change the Jewish calendar. However, Jewish authorities back in Judea immediately intervened, denouncing the authority of the community. Rav Hananiah died and was buried in Nehar Pekod. The community experienced another era of prominence during the Geonic period when tens of thousands of Surian Jews came to Nehar Pekod to learn. Several notable Sura Gaons were either educated or born in Nehar Pekod, including: * Hanina of Nehar Pekkod, Sura Gaon from 689 to 694. * Jacob of Nehar Pekod, Sura Gaon from 712 to 730. * Mari ha-Kohen of Nehar Pekod, Sura Gaon from 748 to 756. * Bebai ha-Levi ben R. Abba of Nehar Pekod Rav Bebai ha-Levi be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumbedita
Pumbedita (sometimes Pumbeditha, Pumpedita, or Pumbedisa; arc, פוּמְבְּדִיתָא ''Pūmbəḏīṯāʾ'', "The Mouth of the River,") was an ancient city located near the modern-day city of Fallujah, Iraq. It is known for having hosted the Pumbedita Academy. History The city of Pumbedita was said to have possessed a Jewish population since the days of Second Temple of Jerusalem. The city had a large Jewish population and was famed for its Pumbedita Academy - whose scholarship, together with the city of Sura, gave rise to the Babylonian Talmud. The academy there was founded by Judah ben Ezekiel in the late third century. The academy was established after the destruction of the academy of Nehardea. Nehardea, being the capital city, was destroyed during the Persian-Palmyrian war. The twelfth-century travel account of Benjamin of Tudela Benjamin of Tudela ( he, בִּנְיָמִין מִטּוּדֶלָה, ; ar, بنيامين التطيلي ''Binyamin al-Tutayli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mari Ha-Levi Ben Mesharsheya
Mari may refer to: Places *Mari, Paraíba, Brazil, a city *Mari, Cyprus, a village *Mari, Greece, a village, site of ancient town of Marius *Mari, Iran (other), places in Iran *Mari, Punjab, a village and a union council in Pakistan *Mari, Syria, ancient Near Eastern city-state *Mari El, a republic in Russia **Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990), an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and a predecessor to the Mari El mentioned above. **Mari Autonomous Oblast (1920–1936), an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and a predecessor to the Mari ASSR. *Mari (crater), an impact crater on Mars Religion *Mari (goddess), Basque goddess *Māri or Mariamman, Indian goddess *Mari Native Religion, surviving pagan religion People and fictional characters *Mari (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name *Mari (surname), a list of people *Abba Mari (c. 1250–c. 1306), Provençal ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halakha
''Halakha'' (; he, הֲלָכָה, ), also transliterated as ''halacha'', ''halakhah'', and ''halocho'' ( ), is the collective body of Jewish religious laws which is derived from the written and Oral Torah. Halakha is based on biblical commandments ('' mitzvot''), subsequent Talmudic and rabbinic laws, and the customs and traditions which were compiled in the many books such as the ''Shulchan Aruch''. ''Halakha'' is often translated as "Jewish law", although a more literal translation of it might be "the way to behave" or "the way of walking". The word is derived from the root which means "to behave" (also "to go" or "to walk"). ''Halakha'' not only guides religious practices and beliefs, it also guides numerous aspects of day-to-day life. Historically, in the Jewish diaspora, ''halakha'' served many Jewish communities as an enforceable avenue of law – both civil and religious, since no differentiation of them exists in classical Judaism. Since the Jewish Enlightenment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babylonian Jewry
The history of the Jews in Iraq ( he, יְהוּדִים בָּבְלִים, ', ; ar, اليهود العراقيون, ) is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c. 586 BC. Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities. The Jewish community of what is termed in Jewish sources "Babylon" or "Babylonia" included Ezra the scribe, whose return to Judea in the late 6th century BCE is associated with significant changes in Jewish ritual observance and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem. The Babylonian Talmud was compiled in "Babylonia", identified with modern Iraq. From the biblical Babylonian period to the rise of the Islamic caliphate, the Jewish community of "Babylon" thrived as the center of Jewish learning. The Mongol invasion and Islamic discrimination in the Middle Ages led to its decline. Under the Ottoman Empire, the Jews of Iraq fared better. The community established modern schools in the second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meat On Charcoals
Meat on Charcoals (Hebrew: בשר על גבי גחלים) is a lost work about Jewish Halakha, quoted since as early as the 11th century. There are some dozens quotes from it, some in printed books and some still in manuscript. The origin of the name is the Talmud, talking about the Takkanah of Bishul Yisrael. "If Yisrael have put meat on charcoals and goy came and turned it over - Kosher." Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin wrote: "One book is called meat on charcoals because what's written in it has sense and taste like meat grilled on charcoals". Chaim Yosef David Azulai wrote: "And this book was called so because it has taste like meat on coals". "ונקרא כך הספר הנזכר, שישנו בנותן טעם כבשרא אגומרי, וכן כתב מהרי"ל בליקוטיו" The identity of the author is unknown. In o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Early Sages Of Ashkenaz
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avraham Grossman
Avraham Grossman (Hebrew: אברהם גרוסמן; born: March 10, 1936) is a professor emeritus in the Jewish history department in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Recipient of 2003 Israel Prize for his contributions to Jewish history. Biography Avraham Grossman was born in 1936 in Tiberias and grew up in Mishmar HaYarden. In 1948 his family moved to Haifa. He served in the Education and Youth Corps of the Israel Defense Forces. After his military service, he started his studies in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jewish history and Talmud for his bachelor's and master's degrees, respectively. His master's thesis was about Gershom ben Judah and was supervised by Ephraim Urbach. His doctoral work, ''The Rabbinical literature of Ashkenaz and Northern France in the eleventh century'', was also supervised by Urbach. Grossman got his doctorate in 1974 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaon (Hebrew)
Gaon (gā'ōn) ( he, גאון, , plural ''geonim'' — gĕ'ōnīm) may have originated as a shortened version of "Rosh Yeshivat Ge'on Ya'akov", although there are alternative explanations. In Ancient Hebrew, it referred to arrogance and haughty pride ( – "I abhor the pride of Jacob and detest his fortresses; I will deliver up the city and everything in it.") and later became known as a general term for pride, both the positive and negative forms ('Pride f; Late Medieval and Modern Hebrew for 'genius'). Today, it may refer to: One of the Geonim during the period 589–1040. Prominent Geonim include: * Yehudai Gaon (Gaon 757–761) * Sar Shalom Ben Boaz (Gaon 838–848) * Natronai ben Hilai, Gaon of Sura (Gaon to 857) * Amram Gaon, Gaon of Sura (Gaon 857–875) * Saadia Gaon (882/892 – 942) * Zemah ben Hayyim (Gaon 889–895) * Sherira Gaon (906–1006) * Samuel ben Hofni (died 1034) * Hai Gaon (939–1038) An honorific title given to a few leading rabbis of other countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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