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Baudot Code
The Baudot code () is an early character encoding for telegraphy invented by Émile Baudot in the 1870s. It was the predecessor to the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2), the most common teleprinter code in use before ASCII. Each character in the alphabet is represented by a series of five bits, sent over a communication channel such as a telegraph wire or a radio signal by asynchronous serial communication. The symbol rate measurement is known as baud, and is derived from the same name. History Baudot code (ITA1) In the below table, Columns I, II, III, IV, and V show the code; the Let. and Fig. columns show the letters and numbers for the Continental and UK versions; and the sort keys present the table in the order: alphabetical, Gray and UK Baudot developed his first multiplexed telegraph in 1872 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Clavier Baudot
Clavier or klavier may refer to: * keyboard instrument * harpsichord * clavichord * fortepiano * Clavia DMI, a Swedish manufacturer of electronic musical instruments * ''Klavier'' (ballet) * Klavier Gavin, a character from the ''Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney'' games * "Klavier", a song by German industrial metal band Rammstein from '' Sehnsucht'' * Clavier, Liège, a municipality in Wallonia, Belgium * Claviers, Var, France People * Aude Clavier (born 1999), French steeplechaser * Christian Clavier (born 1952), French actor * Étienne Clavier (1762–1817), French academic and magistrate * Jérôme Clavier (born 1983), French pole vaulter * Larry Clavier (born 1981), French footballer * Maruja Clavier (1934–2015), Venezuelan oncologist * Pierre Clavier (born 1980), French footballer * Stéphane Clavier (born 1955), French film director, actor and screenwriter * Tony Clavier (born 1940), British-American bishop See also * '' The Well-Tempered Clavier'' * '' The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Gray Code
The reflected binary code (RBC), also known as reflected binary (RB) or Gray code after Frank Gray (researcher), Frank Gray, is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit). For example, the representation of the decimal value "1" in binary would normally be "", and "2" would be "". In Gray code, these values are represented as "" and "". That way, incrementing a value from 1 to 2 requires only one bit to change, instead of two. Gray codes are widely used to prevent spurious output from electromechanical switches and to facilitate error correction in digital communications such as digital terrestrial television and some DOCSIS, cable TV systems. The use of Gray code in these devices helps simplify logic operations and reduce errors in practice. Function Many devices indicate position by closing and opening switches. If that device uses natural binary codes, positions 3 and 4 are next to each other but all thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Letter Frequencies
Letter frequency is the number of times letters of the alphabet appear on average in written language. Letter frequency analysis dates back to the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873), who formally developed the method to break ciphers. Letter frequency analysis gained importance in Europe with the development of movable type in AD 1450, wherein one must estimate the amount of type required for each letterform. Linguists use letter frequency analysis as a rudimentary technique for language identification, where it is particularly effective as an indication of whether an unknown writing system is alphabetic, syllabic, or ideographic. The use of letter frequencies and frequency analysis plays a fundamental role in cryptograms and several word puzzle games, including hangman, ''Scrabble'', '' Wordle'' and the television game show '' Wheel of Fortune''. One of the earliest descriptions in classical literature of applying the knowledge of English letter frequency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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A History Of Our Time
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey and single-storey . The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English, '' a'' is the indefinite article, with the alternative form ''an''. Name In English, the name of the letter is the ''long A'' sound, pronounced . Its name in most other languages matches the letter's pronunciation in open syllables. History The earliest known ancestor of A is ''aleph''—the first letter of the Phoenician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Punched Tape
file:PaperTapes-5and8Hole.jpg, Five- and eight-hole wide punched paper tape file:Harwell-dekatron-witch-10.jpg, Paper tape reader on the Harwell computer with a small piece of five-hole tape connected in a circle – creating a physical program loop Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage that consists of a long strip of paper through which small holes are punched. It was developed from and was subsequently used alongside punched cards, the difference being that the tape is continuous. Punched cards, and chains of punched cards, were used for control of looms in the 18th century. Use for telegraphy systems started in 1842. Punched tapes were used throughout the 19th and for much of the 20th centuries for programmable looms, teleprinter communication, for input to computers of the 1950s and 1960s, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and Numerical control, CNC machine tools. During the Second World War, high-speed punched tape systems using opti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Donald Murray (inventor)
Donald Murray (20 September 1865 — 14 July 1945) was an electrical engineer and the inventor of a telegraphic typewriter system using an extended Baudot code that was a direct ancestor of the teleprinter, teleprinter (teletype machine). He can justifiably be called the "Father of the remote Typewriter".New Zealand’s Donald Murray: The Father of the Remote Typewriter Australian Typewriter Museum, Canberra, 9 March 2012; accessed 10 March 2012 Murray's system became the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2) or Murray Code; it was supplanted by the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) in 1963. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Baudot Tape , a way to encode characters for sending over a communication channel
{{disambig ...
Baudot may refer to: People: *Marc Antoine Baudot (1765-1837), deputy during the French Revolution *Émile Baudot (1845-1903), French telegraph engineer, inventor of the Baudot code *Anatole de Baudot (1834-1915), French architect Technology: *Baudot code The Baudot code () is an early character encoding for telegraphy invented by Émile Baudot in the 1870s. It was the predecessor to the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2), the most common teleprinter code in use before ASCII. Each ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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General Post Office
The General Post Office (GPO) was the state postal system and telecommunications carrier of the United Kingdom until 1969. Established in England in the 17th century, the GPO was a state monopoly covering the dispatch of items from a specific sender to a specific receiver (which was to be of great importance when new forms of communication were invented); it was overseen by a Government minister, the Postmaster General. Over time its remit was extended to Scotland and Ireland, and across parts of the British Empire. The GPO was abolished by the Post Office Act 1969, which transferred its assets to the Post Office, so changing it from a Department of State to a statutory corporation. Responsibility for telecommunications was given to Post Office Telecommunications, the successor of the GPO Telegraph and Telephones department. In 1980, the telecommunications and postal sides were split prior to British Telecommunications' conversion into a totally separate publicly owned c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Institution Of Engineering And Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution. The IET was formed in 2006 from two separate institutions: the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), dating back to 1871,Engineering Council UKECUK Institution Details Accessed on 30 August 2016 and the Institute of Incorporated Engineers (IIE), dating back to 1884. Its worldwide membership is currently in excess of 156,000 in 148 countries. The IET's main offices are in Savoy Place in London, England, and at Futures Place in Stevenage, England. In the United Kingdom, the IET has the authority to establish professional registration for the titles of Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Engineering Technician, and ICT Technician, as a licensed member institution of the Engineering Council. The IET is registered as a charity in England, Wales and Scotland. Formation Discussions started in 2004 between the IEE and the IIE about merging to form a new institu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Wilhelm Eduard Weber
Wilhelm Eduard Weber ( ; ; 24 October 1804 – 23 June 1891) was a German physicist and, together with Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor of the first electromagnetic telegraph. Biography Early years Weber was born in Schlossstrasse in Wittenberg, where his father, Michael Weber, was Professor of Theology at the local university. The building in which they lived had previously been the home of Abraham Vater. Wilhelm was the second of three brothers, all of whom were distinguished by an aptitude for science. After the University of Halle-Wittenberg#History, dissolution of the University of Wittenberg in 1817, his father was transferred to the university in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle. Wilhelm had received his first lessons from his father, but was now sent to the Orphan Asylum and Grammar School in Halle. After that he entered the university and devoted himself to natural philosophy. He distinguished himself so much in his classes, and by original work, that after taking his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; ; ; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist, who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He was director of the Göttingen Observatory and professor of astronomy from 1807 until his death in 1855. While studying at the University of Göttingen, he propounded several mathematical theorems. As an independent scholar, he wrote the masterpieces '' Disquisitiones Arithmeticae'' and ''Theoria motus corporum coelestium''. Gauss produced the second and third complete proofs of the fundamental theorem of algebra. In number theory, he made numerous contributions, such as the composition law, the law of quadratic reciprocity and the Fermat polygonal number theorem. He also contributed to the theory of binary and ternary quadratic forms, the construction of the heptadecagon, and the theory of hypergeometric series. Due to Gauss' extensive and fundamental contributions to science ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Institut National De La Propriété Industrielle
The National Industrial Property Institute (, ; INPI) is the national intellectual property office of France, in charge of patents, trademarks and industrial design rights. It is a department of France's Ministry of Economics and Finance. INPI's headquarters is in Courbevoie. See also * Soleau envelope, proof of priority available for the French territory at the INPI Directors * Georges Vianès (1975–1982) * Benoît Battistelli (?–2010) * Yves Lapierre (2010–2016) * Romain Soubeyran (2016-2018) * Pascal Faure References External links * Patent status databaseat the ''Institut national de la propriété industrielle'' (the database provides legal information on French patent applications and European patent applications granted and designating France) Government agencies of France French intellectual property law France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |