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Battle Of The Waters Of Merom
According to Joshua 11 in the Hebrew Bible, the Battle of the Waters of Merom was a battle between the Israelites and a coalition of Canaanite city-states near the Waters of Merom. Archaeologist Nadav Na'aman has suggested that this battle definitely took place, and that its narrative "preserved some remote echoes of wars conducted in these places in early Iron Age I." In the biblical narrative, around 40 years before the battle, the Israelites escaped from slavery in Egypt, setting out for the Exodus under the leadership of Moses. They entered Canaan near Jericho and captured several cities.Battles of the Bible, page 30. An alliance of northern Canaanite city-states sent a united force to halt the Israelite invasion. The Israelites engaged in a preemptive strike, catching the Canaanite forces unaware and routing them with a fearsome head-on assault. The battle is described in Joshua chapter 11. See also *Early Israelite campaigns The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bible Historiale
The Bible Historiale was the predominant Bible translations in the Middle Ages, medieval translation of the Bible into Medieval French, French. It translates from the Latin Vulgate significant portions from the Bible accompanied by selections from the ''Historia Scholastica'' by Peter Comestor (d. c. 1178), a literal-historical commentary that summarizes and interprets episodes from the historical books of the Bible and situates them chronologically with respect to events from pagan history and mythology. It is part of the wider phenomenon of . Authorship The composite work is organized into parts labeled "text", i.e. from the Bible; "gloss", offering interpretations based on the ''Historia Scholastica'', other authoritative commentaries or the translator's own opinion; "incidents", which insert parallel histories from pagan history and mythology; and "histories", passages directly translated from Comestor's work. It was composed between 1291 and 1295 (1294 old system) by pries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City-state
A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world throughout history, including cities such as Rome, Carthage, Athens and Sparta and the Italian city-states during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, such as Florence, Venice, Genoa and Milan. With the rise of nation states worldwide, there remains some disagreement on the number of modern city-states that still exist; Singapore, Monaco and Vatican City are the candidates most commonly discussed. Out of these, Singapore is the largest and most populous, and is generally considered to be the last real city-state left in the world, with full sovereignty, international borders, its own currency, a robust military, and substantial international influence in its own right. ''The Economist'' refers to it as the "world's only fully functioning city-state". Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Israelite Campaigns
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile. It tells of the campaigns of the Israelites in central, southern and northern Canaan, the destruction of their enemies, and the division of the land among the Twelve Tribes, framed by two set-piece speeches, the first by God commanding the conquest of the land, and, at the end, the second by Joshua warning of the need for faithful observance of the Law (''torah'') revealed to Moses. The scholarly consensus is that the Book of Joshua is not a reliable historical account, with archaeological evidence contradicting its claims of a swift, violent conquest of Canaan. The earliest parts of the book are possibly chapters 2–11, the story of the conquest; these chapters were later incorporated into an early form of Joshua likely written late in the reign of king Josiah (reigned 640� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preemptive Strike
A preemptive war is a war that is commenced in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (allegedly unavoidable) war ''shortly before'' that attack materializes. It is a war that preemptively 'breaks the peace' before an impending attack occurs. Preemptive war is sometimes confused with preventive war: the difference is that a preventive war is launched to destroy the potential threat of the targeted party, when an attack by that party is not imminent or known to be planned. The U.S. Department of Defense defines a preventive war as an armed conflict "initiated in the belief that military conflict, while not imminent, is inevitable, and that to delay would involve greater risk." A preemptive war is launched in anticipation of immediate aggression by another party. Most contemporary scholarship equates preventive war with aggression, and therefore argues that it is illegitimate.Shue, Henry and Rhod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jericho
Jericho ( ; , ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and the capital of the Jericho Governorate. Jericho is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It had a population of 20,907 in 2017. From the end of the era of Mandatory Palestine, the city was Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, annexed and ruled by Jordan from 1949 to 1967 and, with the rest of the West Bank, has been subject to Israeli occupation of the West Bank, Israeli occupation since 1967; administrative control was handed over to the Palestinian Authority in 1994. Jericho is among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world,Murphy-O'Connor, 1998, p. 288.Freedman et al., 2000, p. 689–671. and it is also the city with the oldest known defensive wall.Michal Strutin, ''Discovering Natural Israel'' (2001), p. 4. Archaeology, Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of more than 20 successive settlements in Jericho, the first of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moses
In Abrahamic religions, Moses was the Hebrews, Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of slavery in the The Exodus, Exodus from ancient Egypt, Egypt. He is considered the most important Prophets in Judaism, prophet in Judaism and Samaritanism, and one of the most important prophets in Christianity, Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islam, the Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)#Known messengers, Baháʼí Faith, and Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions, other Abrahamic religions. According to both the Bible and the Quran, God in Abrahamic religions, God dictated the Mosaic Law to Moses, which he Mosaic authorship, wrote down in the five books of the Torah. According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a period when his people, the Israelites, who were an slavery, enslaved minority, were increasing in population; consequently, the Pharaohs in the Bible#In the Book of Exodus, Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might ally themselves with New Kingdom of Egypt, Eg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Exodus
The Exodus (Hebrew language, Hebrew: יציאת מצרים, ''Yəṣīʾat Mīṣrayīm'': ) is the Origin myth#Founding myth, founding myth of the Israelites whose narrative is spread over four of the five books of the Torah, Pentateuch (specifically, Book of Exodus, Exodus, Book of Leviticus, Leviticus, Book of Numbers, Numbers, and Book of Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy). The narrative of the Exodus describes a history of Egyptian bondage of the Israelites followed by their exodus from Egypt through a Crossing the Red Sea, passage in the Red Sea, in pursuit of the Promised Land under the leadership of Moses. The story of the Exodus is central in Judaism. It is recounted daily in List of Jewish prayers and blessings, Jewish prayers and celebrated in festivals such as Passover. Early Christians saw the Exodus as a typology (theology), typological prefiguration of Resurrection of Jesus, resurrection and Salvation in Christianity, salvation by Jesus. The Exodus is also recounted in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nineteenth Dynasty Of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the ''Ramesside period''. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier (Ancient Egypt), Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne. History Background The warrior kings of the early Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, 18th Dynasty had encountered only little resistance from neighbouring kingdoms, allowing them to expand their realm of influence easily, but the international situation had changed radically towards the end of the dynasty. The Hittites had gradually extended their influence into Syria and Canaan to become a major power in international politics, a power that both Seti I and his son Ramesses II would confront in the future. 19th Dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadav Na'aman
Nadav Na'aman (Hebrew language, Hebrew: נדב נעמן; born in 1939 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli archaeologist and historian. He specializes in the study of the Near East in the second and first millenniums Current Era , BCE. His research combines the history of the Ancient Near East, archaeology, Assyrology, and the study of the Hebrew Bible. He possesses broad knowledge in all these four branches of research. Early life and education Na'aman was born on a kibbutz near Jerusalem and grew up in Kvutzat Kinneret, a kibbutz on the Sea of Galilee. His father was Professor Shlomo Naaman, who taught in the Department of General History of Tel Aviv University (TAU). After completing his Israel Defence Forces , IDF military service (1957-1960), he left the kibbutz in 1964 and studied archaeology and Jewish history. Career Na'aman received his doctorate in 1975 from Tel Aviv University with Yohanan Aharoni as thesis supervisor , supervisor, with a thesis on the importance of the Amarna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach" . '' Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. ; ; or ), also known in Hebrew as (; ), is the canonical collection of scriptures, comprising the Torah (the five Books of Moses), the Nevi'im (the Books of the Prophets), and the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guyart Des Moulins
Guyart des Moulins was a medieval monk. He is famous for being the author of the first Bible translation in French, the '' Bible Historiale''. __NOTOC__ Life According to Alexis Paulin Paris, his name is written in "The Directory of manuscripts in the Library of the King" as Guyart des Moulins or Guyart-des-Moulins. His name is also found transcribed as Guiard Desmoulins; Guiart Desmoulins; Guiart des Moulins; and Guyar des Moulins. All these names refer to the author of the Bible Historiale. In the prologue of the ''Bible Historiale'', his year of birth is given as 1251. He was a ''chanoine de Saint Pierre'' (canon of St Peter) in Aire-sur-la-Lys, and became dean there in 1297. He held this office until his death in 1312 or 1322. Works His ''Bible Historiale'' was largely translated from Peter Comestor's ''Historia Scholastica'', and was later augmented with translations from the Vulgate The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Bible translations into Latin, Latin translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
