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Battle Of The Cremera
The Battle of the Cremera was fought between the Roman Republic and the Etruscan city of Veii, in . It most likely occurred on 18 July, although Ovid gives a different date of 13 February. Background Since the overthrow of the Roman monarchy in 509 BC, the Roman Republic and its neighbour Veii had been at peace. Conflict erupted, however, in 483 BC with a series of clashes that occurred almost annually. Rome was victorious in a close-fought battle in 480 BC; nevertheless, hostilities continued. In 479 BC, the family of the Fabii offered to take the Roman responsibility for the war upon themselves, which the Roman senate accepted. The Fabii built a camp on the Cremera, from which they harassed Veii and held back its raids on Rome. The Fabii were successful in the fighting in 478 BC and 477 BC prior to the main battle which followed. Account of the battle The Veientes, embarrassed by their lack of success, formed plans for an ambush of the Fabii. The Veientes led a herd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Leutemann
Gottlob Heinrich (Henrik) Leutemann (8 October 1824 — 14 December 1905) was a German artist and book illustrator. He was born in Leipzig and studied there. He produced lithographs for instructional posters. In the 1850s, he worked on pictures of animals for a zoological Atlas. Some of his drawings include ''Ankunft Junger Leoparden bei Hagenbeck in Hamburg'' ("A box of young leopards arrives at Hagenbeck's Animal Show in Hamburg"), ''Tierkauf in Afrika'' ("Buying animals in Africa"), ''Riesenschlangen-Käfig im Zoologischen Garten Hamburg'' (Giant snakes' cage in the Hamburg Zoo), and ''Manatees'' ("Manatees"). Hagenbeck's Tierpark still brings visitors to Hamburg. With a professor named A. Kirchoff, who wrote the text, Leutemann produced ''Graphic Pictures of Native Life in Distant Lands, illustrating the Typical Races of Mankind'' (1888). This was meant to be an ethnographic study for older children, and the book described and illustrated indigenous peoples of the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titus Menenius Lanatus
Titus Menenius Lanatus (died 476 BC) was a Roman patrician who was elected consul for the year 477 BC. He unsuccessfully fought the Veiientes, and was later prosecuted by the tribunes of the plebs for his failure to prevent the disaster of the Cremera. Family Menenius was the son of Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, who was consul in 503 BC, and the grandson of Gaius Menenius. He was the father of Lucius Menenius Lanatus, consul in 440 BC and Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, the consul of 439 and consular tribune in 419 and 417. Life Menenius was consul in 477 BC, together with Gaius Horatius Pulvillus. The Senate entrusted the conduct of the war against Veii to him, in support of the Fabia gens, who were guarding the frontier against the Etruscan city, while his colleague prepared to face the Volscians. When the Fabii were ambushed at the Cremera, Menenius failed to intervene, although his forces were close enough to turn the tide without losing the strategic position. Not only wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Century BC In The Roman Republic
Fifth is the ordinal form of the number five. Fifth or The Fifth may refer to: * Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as in the expression "pleading the Fifth" * Fifth Avenue * Fifth column, a political term * Fifth disease, a contagious rash that spreads in school-aged children * Fifth force, a proposed force of nature in addition to the four known fundamental forces * Fifth of July (New York), historic celebration of an Emancipation Day in New York * Fifth (''Stargate''), a robotic character in the television series ''Stargate SG-1'' * Fifth (unit), a unit of volume formerly used for distilled beverages in the U.S. * 1st Battalion, 5th Marines * The fraction 1/5 * The royal fifth (Spanish and Portuguese), an old royal tax of 20% Music * A musical interval (music); specifically, a ** perfect fifth ** diminished fifth ** augmented fifth * Quintal harmony, in which chords concatenate fifth intervals (rather than the third intervals of tertian harmony) * Fifth (cho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Etruscans
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
477 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 477 BC was a year of the Roman calendar, pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gaius Horatius Pulvillus, Pulvillus and Agrippa Menenius Lanatus (consul 503 BC), Lanatus (or, less frequently, year 277 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 477 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Greece * The Spartan co-ruler Leotychides and the Athenian leader Themistocles lead a fleet and army to reoccupy northern Ancient Greece, Greece and to punish the aristocratic family of the Aleuads for having aided the Achaemenid Empire, Persians. Leotychides is caught accepting a bribe during the operations in Thessaly. * Greek maritime cities around the Aegean Sea no longer wish to be under Spartan control and at Delos offer their allegiance, through Aristides, to Athens. They form the Delian League ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Roman Republic
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LacusCurtius
LacusCurtius is the ancient Graeco-Roman part of a large history website, hosted as of March 2025 on a server at the University of Chicago. Starting in 1995, as of January 2004 it gave "access to more than 594 photos, 559 drawings and engravings, 69 plans, and 59 maps".Others have stated that, "as of October 2024 it had '3916 webpages, 779 photos, 772 drawings & engravings, 120 plans, 139 maps.' The overall site is the creation of William P. Thayer. Overview The main resources to be found on it include: * a number of Latin and Greek texts, usually in English translation, and often in the original language also * '' Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'' * '' Platner's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome'' * several secondary works, mostly on Rome and Roman Britain * a photogazetteer of Roman remains and medieval churches of central Italy including the city of Rome * an often-cited online copy of Richard Hinckley Allen's '' Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dionysius Of Halicarnassus
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (, ; – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary style was ''atticistic'' – imitating Classical Attic Greek in its prime. He is known for his work ''Rhōmaikē Archaiologia'' (Roman Antiquities), which describes the history of Rome from its beginnings until the outbreak of the First Punic War in 264 BC. Out of twenty books, only the first nine have survived. Dionysius' opinion of the necessity of a promotion of paideia within education, from true knowledge of classical sources, endured for centuries in a form integral to the identity of the Greek elite. Life He was a Halicarnassian. At some time after the end of the civil wars he moved to Rome, and spent twenty-two years studying Latin and literature and preparing materials for his history. During this period, he gave lessons in rhetoric, and enjoyed the society of many distinguished men. The date of his d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porta Collina
The Colline Gate (Latin ''Porta Collina'') was a landmark in ancient Rome, supposed to have been built by Servius Tullius, semi-legendary king of Rome 578–535 BC. The gate stood at the north end of the Servian Wall, and past it were two important streets, the Via Salaria and Via Nomentana. Within this area the Alta Semita linked the Quirinal with the Porta Carmentalis. Several temples were located near the gate, including temples of Venus Erycina and Fortuna. To a person facing the gate in the 4th century AD, the Gardens of Sallust would have been on the left, with the Baths of Diocletian on the right. Plutarch Plutarch (; , ''Ploútarchos'', ; – 120s) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo (Delphi), Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for his ''Parallel Lives'', ... says that, when a Vestal was punished for violating her vow of chastity, the subterranean chamber for her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porta Praenestina
The Porta Maggiore ("Larger Gate"), or Porta Prenestina, is one of the eastern gates in the ancient but well-preserved 3rd-century Aurelian Walls of Rome. Through the gate ran two ancient roads: the Via Praenestina and the Via Labicana. The Via Prenestina was the eastern road to the ancient town of Praeneste (modern Palestrina). The Via Labicana (now called the ''Via Casilina'') heads southeast from the city. History The Porta Maggiore was built by Emperor Claudius in 52 AD, and was later restored by Vespasian and Titus around 20 to 30 years after its construction. In the AD 270s, Porta Maggiore became a gate in the Aurelian Walls. In the 19th century, some of the brick infill was removed to ease a large amount of traffic flowing through the gate. The gate The Porta Maggiore is by far a significant urban site to visit for an understanding and view of the ancient aqueducts. It is a monumental double archway built of white travertine. It was first known as the Porta Prenestina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spes
Spes (Latin for "Hope") was worshipped as a goddess in ancient Roman religion. Numerous temples to Spes are known, and inscriptions indicate that she received private devotion as well as state cult. Republican Hope During the Republic, a temple to "ancient Hope" () was supposed to have been located near the Praenestine Gate. It was associated with events that occurred in the 5th century BC, but its existence as anything except perhaps a private shrine has been doubted. A well-documented Temple of Spes was built by Aulus Atilius Calatinus along with Fides, as the result of vows () made to these goddesses during the First Punic War. This was built at the vegetable market () just outside the Carmental Gate. It was twice burnt down and restored, first in 213 BC and then again in AD 7. At Capua in 110 BC, a temple was built to the triad of Spes, Fides, and Fortuna. Imperial Hope Spes was one of the divine personifications in the Imperial cult of the Virtues. Spes Augusta w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
