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Battle Of The Berlengas (1591)
The Battle of Berlengas Islands was a naval battle which took place off the Portuguese coast on 15 July 1591, during the war between Elizabeth I of England and Philip II of Spain. It was fought between an English privateer squadron under George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, who had set out his fortunes by large-scale privateering, and a squadron of 5 Spanish galleys commanded by Francisco Coloma tasked with patrolling the Portuguese coast against privateers. While anchored off the Berlengas, the English ships were surprised by the Spanish galleys, which succeeded in taking one English ship and rescuing two prizes. Expedition Having undertaken naval expeditions to the coasts of Spain in 1587, 1588, and 1589, in the spring of 1591, the Earl of Cumberland sailed to Cape St. Vincent in a new privateering campaign with one royal ship, the 600-ton galleon ''Garland'', and four of his own, the 260-ton ''Sampson'', the ''Golden Noble'', ''Allegarta'', and the small pinnace ''Discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the Habsburg Spain, Habsburg Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of England that was never formally declared. It began with England's military expedition in 1585 to what was then the Spanish Netherlands under the command of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in support of the Eighty Years' War, Dutch rebellion against Spanish Habsburg rule. In large-scale campaigns, the English repelled the Spanish Armada in 1588, while Spain repelled the English Armada in 1589. The war included much English privateering against Spanish ships, and several widely separated battles. The war dragged on towards the end of the sixteenth century; England and Spain intervened French Wars of Religion#War with Spain (1595–1598), in France in the 1590s and in Nine Years War (Ireland), Ireland from 1601. The Eighty Years' War, 1599–1609, campaign in the Netherlands saw a Spanish veteran force defe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peniche (Portugal)
Peniche (), officially the City of Peniche (), is a seaside municipality and a city in the Oeste region, in the historical province of Estremadura, and in the Leiria District. It has 26,431 inhabitants, in an area of 77.55 km2. The city itself has a population of about 15,600 inhabitants. The present mayor is Henrique Bertino, elected by the independent coalition GCEPP (''Grupo de Cidadãos Eleitores por Peniche''; Electors for Peniche Group of Citizens). The idiomatic expression '' Friend from Peniche'', used to describe someone who wants to receive things at the expense of other without giving anything in return, comes from here. History and landmarks The city was built on a rocky peninsula which is considered by geologists a unique example of the Toarcian turnover during the worldwide Early Jurassic extinction. Peniche is known for its long beaches, which are popular for recreational activities and sports such as surfing, windsurfing, bodyboarding and kite surfing. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Ship Revenge (1577)
''Revenge'' was an English race-built galleon of 46 guns, built in 1577 and captured by the Spanish in 1591, sinking soon afterwards. She was the first of 13 English and Royal Navy ships to bear the name.Since she was built and served prior to the English Restoration of 1660, she did not carry the 'HMS' prefix. Construction ''Revenge'' was built at a cost of £4,000 at the Deptford Dockyard, Royal Dockyard, Deptford in 1577 by master shipwright Mathew Baker (shipwright), Mathew Baker, under direction of Sir John Hawkins (naval commander), John Hawkins, in his role as Treasurer of the Navy. His race-built design was inspired by a new design in Portugal, the caravel, and was to usher in a new style of ship building that would revolutionise naval warfare for the next three hundred years. A comparatively small vessel, weighing 471 tons, being about half the size of ''Henry Grace à Dieu'', ''Revenge'' was rated as a galleon. Armament The armament of ships of this period was fluid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Flores (1591)
The Battle of Flores was a naval engagement during the Brittany Campaign of the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585 fought off the Island of Flores between an English fleet of 22 ships under Lord Thomas HowardFernández Duro p. 80 and a Spanish fleet of 55 ships under Alonso de Bazán. Sent to the Azores to capture the annual Spanish treasure convoy, when a stronger Spanish fleet appeared off Flores, Howard ordered his ships to flee to the north,Paine p. 150 saving all of them except the galleon ''Revenge'' commanded by Admiral Sir Richard Grenville. After transferring his ill crewmen onshore back to his ship, he led the ''Revenge'' in a rearguard action against 55 Spanish ships, allowing the English fleet to retire to safety. The crew of the ''Revenge'' sank and damaged several Spanish ships during a day-and-night running battle. The ''Revenge'' was boarded many times by different Spanish ships, and repelled each attack successfully. When Admiral Sir Richard Grenville was badly wou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Treasure Fleet
The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet (, also called silver fleet or plate fleet; from the meaning "silver"), was a convoy system of sea routes organized by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, which linked Spain with its Spanish Empire, territories in the Americas across the Atlantic. The convoys were general purpose cargo fleets used for transporting a wide variety of items, including agricultural goods, lumber, various metal resources such as silver and gold, Gemstone, gems, pearls, spices, sugar, tobacco, silk, and other exotic goods from the overseas territories of the Spanish Empire to the Peninsular Spain, Spanish mainland. Spanish goods such as oil, wine, textiles, books and tools were transported in the opposite direction. The West Indies fleet was the first permanent transatlantic trade route in history. Similarly, the related Manila galleons, Manila galleon trade was the first permanent trade route across the Pacific. The Spanish West and East Indies fleets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azores
The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atlantic Ocean, about west of Lisbon, about northwest of Morocco, about southeast of Newfoundland, Canada, and the same distance southwest of Cork, Ireland. Its main industries are agriculture, dairy farming, livestock, fishing, and tourism, which has become a major service activity in the region. In the 20th century and to some extent into the 21st, they have served as a waypoint for refueling aircraft flying between Europe and North America. The government of the Azores employs a large percentage of the population directly or indirectly in the service and tertiary sectors. The largest city of the Azores is Ponta Delgada. The culture, dialect, cuisine, and traditions of the Azorean islands vary considerably, because these remote island ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Howard, 1st Earl Of Suffolk
Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, (24 August 1561 – 28 May 1626), of Audley End House in the parish of Saffron Walden in Essex, and of Suffolk House near Westminster, a member of the House of Howard, was the second son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife Margaret Audley, the daughter and eventual sole heiress of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, of Audley End. Early life and marriages Thomas was born at Audley End on 24 August 1561, the second of four children Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, had by his second wife, Margaret Audley. His older sister was Elizabeth Howard, who died in infancy, and his younger siblings were Margaret and William. His maternal grandparents were Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, and his second wife Elizabeth Grey. His paternal grandparents were Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and his wife Frances de Vere. On her father's side, Thomas had an older half-brother, Philip Howard, who would later b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galley Slave
A galley slave was a slave rowing in a galley, either a Convict, convicted criminal sentenced to work at the oar (''French language, French'': galérien), or a kind of human chattel, sometimes a prisoner of war, assigned to the duty of rowing. In the ancient Mediterranean, galley rowers were mostly free men, and slaves were used as rowers when manpower was in high demand. In the Middle Ages and the early modern period, convicts and prisoners of war often manned galleys, and the Barbary pirates enslaved captives as galley slaves. During the 18th and 19th centuries, pirates in Asia likewise manned their galleys with captives. History Ancient Mediterranean navies relied on professional rowers to man their galleys. Slaves were seldom used except in times of pressing manpower demands or extreme emergency. In the 5th and 4th centuries BC, Athens generally followed a naval policy of enrolling citizens from the lower classes (thetes), metics (foreigners resident in Athens) and hired fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cascais
Cascais () is a town and municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera, Estoril Coast. The municipality has a total of 214,158 inhabitants in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourism in Portugal, tourist destination. Its Cascais Marina, marina hosts events such as the America's Cup and the town of Estoril, part of the Cascais municipality, hosts conferences such as the Horasis Global Meeting. Since the 1870s, Cascais's has been a popular seaside resort after King Luís I of Portugal and the House of Braganza, Portuguese royal family made the seaside town their residence every September, thus also attracting members of the Portuguese nobility, who established a summer community there. Cascais is known for the many members of royalty who have lived there, including King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, when he was the Duke of Windsor, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and King Umberto II of Italy. Former Cuban president Fulgencio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caravel
The caravel (Portuguese language, Portuguese: , ) is a small sailing ship developed by the Portuguese that may be rigged with just lateen sails, or with a combination of lateen and Square rig, square sails. It was known for its agility and speed and its capacity for Windward and leeward, sailing windward (Tacking (sailing)#Beating, beating). Caravels were used by the Portuguese and Spanish for the voyages of exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries, in the Age of Exploration. The caravel is a poorly understood type of vessel. Though there are now some archaeologically investigated wrecks that are most likely caravels, information on this type is limited. We have a better understanding of the ships of the Greeks and Romans of classical antiquity than we do of the caravel. History The long development of the caravel was probably influenced by various Mediterranean tending or coastal craft. Among these influences might have been the boats known as , that were introduce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man-of-war
In Royal Navy jargon, a man-of-war (also man-o'-war, or simply man) was a powerful warship or frigate of the 16th to the 19th century, that was frequently used in Europe. Although the term never acquired a specific meaning, it was usually reserved for a sailing ship armed with cannon. The rating system of the Royal Navy classified men-of-war into six "rates", a "first-rate" having the greatest armament, and a "sixth-rate" the least. Description The man-of-war was developed in Portugal in the early 15th century from earlier roundships with the addition of a second mast to form the carrack. The 16th century saw the carrack evolve into the galleon and then the ship of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactics in the Age of Sail, naval tactic known as the line of battl .... The evolution of the term has been given thus: Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alonso De Bazán
Alonso de Bazán, son of Admiral Álvaro de Bazán the Elder, Marquis del Viso, and brother of the better known Admiral Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, was a Spanish naval commander during the Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604) and the Eighty Years' War. Notable military actions In 1584, inspired by his father's work to create design of ships which combined sailing and rowing power, he created the ''galizabra'', a hybrid of galley and zabra.E. G. Torralba Pérez, ''Las fragatas de vela de la armada espanola 1600-1850 (su evolucion técnica).'' In 1588, he was intended have been part of a fleet which would support the Spanish Armada that was invading England. After the failure of invasion, he transported infantry troops to La Coruña and Lisbon, in preparation of an incoming English counter-offensive. In 1589, after the defeat of the English Armada, commanded by Sir Francis Drake, Alonso de Bazan went after the English fleet with his galleys and captured three ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
