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Battle Of Steenkerque
The Battle of Steenkerque, also known as ''Steenkerke'', ''Steenkirk'', ''Steynkirk'' or ''Steinkirk'' was fought on 3 August 1692, during the Nine Years' War, near Steenkerque, then part of the Spanish Netherlands but now in modern Belgium. A French force under Marshal François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, repulsed a surprise attack by an Allied army led by William of Orange. After several hours of heavy fighting, the Allies were forced to retreat, although a French counterattack proved fruitless. Background Luxembourg had already achieved his main objective for 1692 by capturing Namur in June and wanted to avoid battle. He therefore adopted a strong defensive position facing north-west, with his right anchored on the Zenne at Steenkerque and his left near Enghien, assuming the Allies would not dare to attack it. This approach conformed with then accepted tactical wisdom, with battles considered too risky and unpredictable, unless there was a clear chance of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nine Years' War
The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between Kingdom of France, France and the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), Grand Alliance. Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial possessions in the Americas, India, and West Africa. Related conflicts include the Williamite war in Ireland, and King William's War in North America. Louis XIV of France emerged from the Franco-Dutch War in 1678 as the most powerful monarch in Europe. Using a combination of aggression, annexation, and quasi-legal means, he then set about extending his gains to strengthen France's frontiers, culminating in the 1683 to 1684 War of the Reunions. The Truce of Ratisbon guaranteed these new borders for twenty years, but concerns among European Protestant states over French expansion and Edict of Fontainebleau, anti-Protestant policies led to the creation of the Grand Alliance, headed by William III of England, William of Orange. In September 1688 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Alliance (League Of Augsburg)
The Grand Alliance (, , , , ), sometimes erroneously referred to as its precursor the League of Augsburg, was formed on 20 December 1689. Signed by William III on behalf of the Dutch Republic and England, and Roman-German Emperor Leopold I for the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, its primary purpose was to oppose the expansionist policies of Louis XIV of France. With the later additions of Spain and Savoy, the coalition fought the Nine Years' War (1688–1697) against France that ended with the Peace of Ryswick. The Second Grand Alliance was formed by the 1701 Treaty of The Hague prior to the War of the Spanish Succession, and was dissolved in 1713 following the Peace of Utrecht. Background The Grand Alliance was the most significant of the coalitions formed in response to the wars of Louis XIV that began in 1667 and ended in 1714. Post-1648, French expansion was helped by the decline of Spanish power while the Peace of Westphalia formalised religious divisions within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Godert De Ginkel, 1st Earl Of Athlone
Godard van Reede, 1st Earl of Athlone (14 June 1644 – 11 February 1703) was a Dutch States Army officer and nobleman who rose to prominence during the Williamite War in Ireland. During the Franco-Dutch War, his bravery and meticulous execution of duties as a cavalry officer caught William of Orange's attention. Rapid promotions followed, and in 1691, he was entrusted with command of the war in Ireland. Alongside Waldeck and Schomberg, Athlone became one of the few senior officers to whom William granted independent command over the Anglo-Dutch forces during his wars. He decisively defeated a Franco-Irish army at the Battle of Aughrim, securing control over Ireland. Back on the continent, he took part in the key battles and sieges of the Nine Years’ War. After William's death during the War of the Spanish Succession, he vied for command of the combined Anglo-Dutch army in the Low Countries, but the role was given to the Duke of Marlborough. Nevertheless, in 1703, the Dutc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Churchill (British Army Officer, Born 1656)
General Charles Churchill (2 February 1656 – 29 December 1714) was a British Army officer who served during the War of the Spanish Succession and an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England, English and House of Commons of Great Britain, British House of Commons from 1701 to 1710. He was a younger brother of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and both his military and political careers were closely connected with his brother's. Along with Marlborough's Irish Chief of Staff William Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan, William Cadogan, he was one of Churchill's closest advisors. He was a Tories (British political party), Tory, in contrast to his Whig brother who tolerated and possibly used Churchill's Tory connections. Life Churchill was the son of Winston Churchill (1620–1688), Winston Churchill and his wife Elizabeth Drake, daughter of Sir John Drake of Ashe, Devon, and his wife John Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler of Brantfield#Life, Helena Butler (or Boteler). He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stadtholder
In the Low Countries, a stadtholder ( ) was a steward, first appointed as a medieval official and ultimately functioning as a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and Habsburg period (1384 – 1581/1795). The title was used for the highest executive official of each province performing several duties, such as appointing lower administrators and maintaining peace and order, in the early Dutch Republic. As multiple provinces appointed the same stadtholder, the stadtholder of the powerful province of Holland at times functioned as the ''de facto'' head of state of the Dutch Republic as a whole during the 16th to 18th centuries, in an effectively hereditary role. For the last half century of its existence, it became an officially hereditary title under Prince William IV of Orange. His son, Prince William V, was the last ''stadtholder'' of all provinces of the Republic, until fleeing French revolutionary tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lordship Of Frisia
The Lordship of Frisia () or Lordship of Friesland (; ; ) was a feudal dominion in the Netherlands. It was formed in 1498 by King Maximilian I and reformed in 1524 when Emperor Charles V conquered Frisia. History The former Frisian kingdom (''Magna Frisia'') had been incorporated into Francia after the Frisian–Frankish wars, that ended with the victory of the Frankish troops led by ''majordomo'' Charles Martel at the Battle of the Boarn in 734. The remaining territory east of the Lauwers River was conquered by Charlemagne in the course of the Saxon Wars until 785. During the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century, the Frisian coast with the important trading place of Dorestad was strongly affected by Viking raids. In turn the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious and his successor Lothair I, ruler of Middle Francia since 843, tried to pacify the Viking leaders such as Harald Klak or Rorik of Dorestad by vesting them with large estates in the Frisian lands. By the 870 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Nicolas Fagel
François Nicolas Baron Fagel (3 February 1655 – 23 February 1718) was a Dutch States Army officer and nobleman. He was a nephew of Gaspar Fagel and took part in many battles during his career. As an infantry officer, he played an important role several battles, including the Battle of Landen, the Battle of Ekeren and the Battle of Malplaquet. From 1704 to 1705, he commanded, Allied forces in Portugal in concert with the Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, Earl of Galway. He also was a siege expert and led the sieges of Béthune, Bouchain and Le Quesnoy in 1710, 1711 and 1712 respectively. He was the son of Nicolaas Fagel, mayor of Nijmegen, and Elisabeth Robbé.Blok and Molhuysen, p. 843 Franco-Dutch War and Nine Years' War Fagel Entered military service at a young age. He served as ensign at Maastricht since 1672; after the Siege of Maastricht (1673), siege of that fortress a year later, the Prince of Waldeck promoted him to captain as a reward for his brave conduct. In the battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Ramsay (English Army Officer)
Lieutenant-General George Ramsay (1652 – 5 September 1705) was a younger son of the Earl of Dalhousie and Scottish professional soldier. He began his career during the Franco-Dutch War and served with the Scots Brigade, part of the Dutch States Army, which accompanied William III to England in the November 1688 Glorious Revolution. Ramsay fought in the Jacobite rising of 1689 in Scotland before returning to Flanders in 1690 during the Nine Years War, being promoted Brigadier General in March 1691, then Colonel of the Scots Guards in September. After the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Scotland in 1702 and died at Edinburgh in September 1705. Life George Ramsay was born in 1652, third son of George Ramsay, 2nd Earl of Dalhousie (1618-1674) and his wife, Anne Fleming. Two of his brothers also served in the military; Robert, who died in 1678 and John, killed serving with the Dutch Scots Brigade in 1694. He married Anna Box ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walrad, Prince Of Nassau-Usingen
Walrad Usingen of Nassau (25 February 1635 in Roermond – 17 October 1702 in Usingen), was from 1659 Count, and from 1688 Prince of Nassau-Usingen and founder of Usingen line of the House of Nassau. He served for most of his career as a general in the Dutch States Army. Family He was the youngest son of Count William Louis of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach, daughter of the Margrave George Frederick of Baden-Durlach. Military career Walrad was a respected military leader. At different times, he was General Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation and of the United Provinces of the Netherlands under Prince William III of Orange. In 1664, he hurried to Szentgotthárd, but he came too late to fight in the Battle of Saint Gotthard. In 1683, he fought successfully in the battle to lift the Turkish siege of Vienna. So he had a role in ensuring that the Islamic conquest of Central Europe by the Ottomans failed. For these feats, King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Willem, Duke Of Württemberg-Neuenstadt
Ferdinand Willem, Duke of Wurttemberg-Neuenstadt (12 September 1659, in Neuenstadt am Kocher – 7 June 1701, in Sluis) was a general in the Dutch army. Ferdinand Wilhelm (original German spelling) was the sixth child of Frederick (Württemberg-Neuenstadt). He fought at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 and the Battle of Steenkerque in 1692. In 1693 Ferdinand Wilhelm was sent by William III with 16,000 men to raid Artois. The people of Artois eventually paid him 6 million guilders in contributions. Appointed general on 20 August 1693 after the Battle of Neerwinden, he became commander of the ''Garde te Voet'' as successor of Count Solms, who was killed at the battle. 1659 births 1701 deaths People from Neuenstadt am Kocher Dutch nobility Willem Willem () is a Dutch name, Dutch and West Frisian language, West FrisianRienk de Haan, ''Fryske Foarnammen'', Leeuwarden, 2002 (Friese Pers Boekerij), , p. 158. masculine given name. The name is Germanic languages, Germanic, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halle, Belgium
Halle (; , ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Halle-Vilvoorde district (''arrondissement'') of the province of Flemish Brabant. It is located on the Brussels–Charleroi Canal and on the Flemish side of the language border that separates Flanders and Wallonia. Halle lies on the border between the Flemish plains to the North (thick loam) and the undulating Brabant lands to the South (thinner loam). The city also borders on the Pajottenland to the west. It is about southwest of Brussels. The official language of Halle is Dutch, as in the rest of Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Halle proper and the towns of Buizingen and Lembeek. The neighboring towns are: Pepingen, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, Beersel, Braine-l'Alleud, Braine-le-Château, and Tubize. The population of Halle has increased from 32,758 inhabitants in 1991 to 39,536 on 1 January 2019. The mayor is Eva Demesmaeker of the N-VA party. History Antiquity and Middle Ages Borders have alw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Georg Friedrich Of Waldeck
Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck (31 January 1620 – 19 November 1692) was a German and Dutch Field Marshal and, for the last three years of his life, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg). In 1641, Waldeck entered the service of the States-General of the Netherlands; later in 1651, in the service of Brandenburg, he reached the highest rank as minister. He changed the foreign policy completely by abandoning the alliance with the Emperor and trying to forge a coalition with the Protestant princes. In 1656 he arranged a coalition with Sweden, and commanded the cavalry in the Battle of Warsaw (1656) against Poland. He was dismissed in 1658 when Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg made peace with Poland. After that he fought under Charles X Gustav of Sweden against Denmark, as German Reichsfeldmarschall in 1664 near Sankt Gotthard. In 1683 he commanded Bavarian troops during the Battle of Vienna. In 1685 he fought as a free-lancer for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
