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Battle Of Kock (1920)
The Battle of Kock was fought between 14 and 16 August 1920 in the vicinity of the town of Kock in east-central Poland. The town was to serve as a bridgehead across the Wieprz river for Gen. Józef Piłsudski's counter-offensive against the Russian forces storming Warsaw. However, on 14 August it was captured by forces of the Russian ''Mozyr Group'' and the Poles withdrew across the river. In the early morning of 16 August the 21st Mountain Division counter-attacked and retook the town. The battle, while minor, was one of the last skirmishes of the Polish retreat from Belarus that had started in the early summer – and the first of the Wieprz Counter-offensive, the flanking manoeuvre that gave Poland victory in the Warsaw Operation, better known as the Battle of Warsaw (1920), Battle of Warsaw. Background Following the failure of the Kiev offensive (1920), Kiev offensive, the Polish armies retreated westwards from Central Belarus and Ukraine. Although the Bolshevik forces fail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, following World War I and the Russian Revolution. After the collapse of the Central Powers and the Armistice of 11 November 1918, Vladimir Lenin's Soviet Russia annulled the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and moved forces westward to reclaim the ''Ober Ost'' regions abandoned by the Germans. Lenin viewed the newly independent Poland as a critical route for spreading communist revolutions into Europe. Meanwhile, Polish leaders, including Józef Piłsudski, aimed to restore Poland's First Partition of Poland, pre-1772 borders and secure the country's position in the region. Throughout 1919, Polish forces occupied much of present-day Lithuania and Belarus, emerging victorious in the Polish–Ukrainian War. However, Soviet forces regained strength after their victories in the Russian Civil War, and Symon Petliura, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugonarew
The Narew (; ; or ) is a 499-kilometre (310 mi) river primarily in north-eastern Poland. It is a tributary of the river Vistula. The Narew is one of Europe's few braided rivers, the term relating to the twisted channels resembling braided hair. Around 57 kilometres (35 mi) of the river flows through western Belarus. Etymology The name of the river is from a Proto-Indo-European root ''*nr'' primarily associated with ''water'' (compare Neretva, Neris, Ner and Nur) or from a Lithuanian language verb ''nerti'' associated primarily with ''diving'' and ''flood''. Name of the lower portion The portion of the river between the junctions with the Western Bug and the Vistula is also known as the Bugonarew, Narwio-Bug, Narwo-Bug, Bugo-Narew, Narwiobug or Narwobug. At the confluence near Zegrze the Bug is 1.6× longer, drains a 1.4× larger basin, and has a slightly greater average discharge (158 m³/s at Wyszków vs 146 m³/s at Pułtusk for the Narew, both ~25 km above t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubartów
Lubartów () is a town in eastern Poland, with 23,000 inhabitants (2004), situated in Lublin Voivodeship. It is the capital of Lubartów County and the Lubartów Commune. Historically it belongs to Lesser Poland. Lubartów was established in 1543 by Piotr Firlej under a founding order issued by King Sigismund the Old. The town is located north of Lublin, on the Wieprz river, on the border between two geographical regions of Poland - Lublin Upland, and South Podlasie Lowland. Near Lubartów, the ''Kozłowiec Landscape Park'' (''Kozłowiecki Park Krajobrazowy'') is located. The town is the 10th largest urban center of the voivodeship, and its area is . Name The town's original Polish name was ''Lewartów'' (pronounced [lɛ'vartuf]) until 1744, when it was changed to Lubartów. Yiddish language, however, retains the original name ''Lewartów'' to this day (but pronounced ['lɛvatof]). History The history of Lubartów begins on May 29, 1543, when King Sigismund the Old allowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamionka, Lubartów County
Kamionka is a town in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kamionka. It lies approximately west of Lubartów and north of the regional capital Lublin. The town has a population of 1,800. History The first mention of the settlement came in 1450, and it received its town rights in the late 15th century - which it held until 1863. In 1531 the current parish church: was built, replacing an earlier wooden church: from 1459. The wooden church had been a Protestant church: for a while after 1570. In the 18th century the village was famous for linen, but it had a poor location for trading. To the north of the village is a large wood of coniferous trees. There is also a small settlement consisting of two farmsteads at the edge of a large wood, to the north, with the same name. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), local Poles, including the wójt (head of the local administration) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryki
Ryki is a town in the Lublin Voivodeship in eastern Poland, capital of Ryki County. It has 9,767 inhabitants (as of 2007). It is situated between Warsaw and Lublin. Ryki belongs to Lesser Poland, and historically is part of ''Ziemia Stężycka'' (''Land of Stężyca'', an ancient county, the only part of historic Sandomierz Voivodeship which was located on the right bank of the Vistula river). The distance to the Polish capital is , the distance to Lublin – . History The first urban center of this part of Lesser Poland was located in Sieciechów, whose parish church controlled areas both east and west of the Vistula. In the 14th century, Sieciechów's significance diminished, and in the mid-15th century, the Stężyca County was created, as part of Sandomierz Voivodeship. The royal village of Ryki (Riki), which belonged to the County of Stężyca, was first mentioned in 1424. In 1570, Ryki had a wooden church of St. Jacob the Apostle, as well as a parish school. In 1591 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maciejowice
Maciejowice is a town in Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Maciejowice. It lies in northeastern corner of historic Lesser Poland, approximately south of Garwolin and south-east of Warsaw. The village used to be a town from 1507 until 1870. Its name comes from the Maciejowski family, which in the past owned Maciejowice. For centuries, Maciejowice was part of the Land of Stężyca, which belonged to Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship. In 1794, the Battle of Maciejowice took place near the village. History In the early years of the Polish statehood, this part of the country was sparsely populated. The first local village, mentioned in documents, is Kochow (one kilometer south of Maciejowice), which was founded in 1155. In the late 12th century, a Roman Catholic parish of Kochow was established, and in the 15th century, the area of the future Maciejowice was purchased by a local n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brest Fortress
Brest Fortress (; ; ; ), formerly known as Brest-Litovsk Fortress, is a 19th-century fortress in Brest, Belarus. In 1965, the title Hero Fortress was given to the fortress to commemorate the defence of the frontier stronghold during the first week of Operation Barbarossa, when Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. The title "Hero Fortress" corresponds to the title " Hero City" that the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union awarded to twelve Soviet cities. Description The Brest fortress has sustained its original outline of a star shaped fortification since its construction in the early 19th century. The Citadel, the core of the fortress, was on the central island formed by the Bug River and the two branches of the Mukhavets River. The island was skirted by a ring of a two-storied barrack with 4 semi-towers. The 1.8 km long barrack comprised 500 rooms to accommodate 12,000 soldiers within thick walls built from super strong red brick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firlej
Firlej is a village in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Firlej. It lies approximately north-west of Lubartów and north of the regional capital Lublin. It is situated close to Lake Firlej. In 2004 the village had a population of 1,001. History The town Firlej was founded by Mikołaj Firlej in 1557. From the beginning the town has typical agriculture and handicraft character. The other owners of Firlej were the families of Zalewski, Lubomirski and Sanguszko. In 1839 the town belonged to the president of Bank Polski - Mr Henryk Łubieński, who grounded the first factory of tools and agriculture machines in Lublin area. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, it was annexed by Austria. Following the Austro-Polish War of 1809, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. After its dissolution in 1815, Firlej passed to the Russian Partition of Poland. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain Infantry
Mountain warfare or alpine warfare is warfare in mountains or similarly rough terrain. The term encompasses military operations affected by the terrain, hazards, and factors of combat and movement through rough terrain, as well as the strategies and tactics used by military forces in these situations and environments. Mountain ranges are of strategic importance since they often act as a natural border and may also be the origin of a water source such as the Golan Heights. Attacking a prepared enemy position in mountain terrain generally requires a greater ratio of attacking soldiers to defending soldiers than a war conducted on level ground. Mountains present natural hazards such as lightning, strong gusts of wind, rockfalls, avalanches, snowpacks, ice, extreme cold, and glaciers with their crevasses; in these ways, it can be similar to cold-weather warfare. The generally uneven terrain and the slow pace of troop and material movements are additional threats to combatants. Moveme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podhale
Podhale (; ), sometimes referred to as the Polish Highlands, is Poland's southernmost region. The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian Mountains. It is the most famous region of the Goral Lands which are a network of historical regions inhabited by Gorals. Local folklore The region is characterized by its unique folklore, which is distinct from other folk cultures in Poland. Its folklore was brought there mainly by settlers from the Lesser Poland region further north and partly by Wallachian (Vlach) settlers in the centuries during their migrations. The name Podhale literally translates as "below the mountains" in English. It is a combination of two words. In the Gorals dialect, the Alpine tundra is called hala (plural: hale), "pod" in Polish is the English "under". The Podhale dialect of Polish as well as standard Polish are spoken in the region. Regional attractions Among the region's attractions are the popular mountain resort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podhale Rifles
Podhale Rifles or Podhale Riflemen (, nicknamed "Podhalańczycy") is the traditional name of the mountain infantry units of the Polish Army. Formed in 1918 out of volunteers of the region of Podhale, in 1919 the smaller detachments of Podhale Rifles were pressed into two mountain infantry divisions, the 21st Mountain Infantry and 22nd Mountain Infantry Divisions, as well as into three brigades of mountain infantry and were considered elite units of the Polish Army. After the Polish defeat in the Polish September Campaign, the Podhale units were recreated in France as Polish Independent Highland Brigade, fought at the Battle of Narvik, and later fought in the Battle of France and retreated into Switzerland upon the French defeat. Some units were also created in the underground as part of the partisan forces of the Armia Krajowa. The traditions of the Podhale Rifles are continued by the modern 21st Podhale Rifle Brigade. The traditional symbols of the Podhale Rifles include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łuków
Łuków is a city in eastern Poland with 30,727 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2005). Since 1999, it has been situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, previously it had belonged to the Siedlce Voivodeship (between 1975–1998). It is the capital of Łuków County. The town has an area of , of which forests make up 13%. Łuków is located on the Southern Krzna river, at approximately 160 meters Above mean sea level, above sea level. For 500 years Łuków, together with neighboring towns Siedlce and Radzyń Podlaski, was part of Lesser Poland, and was located in the extreme northeastern corner of the province. Some time in the 19th century, it became associated with another historical region of Poland, Podlasie. Etymology The name of the town first appeared in documents in 1233 (''Castelani nostri de Lucow''). Łuków comes from Old Slavic word ''łuk'', which means "a place located in a wetland". History Łuków was established as a Gord (archaeology), grod, around the year 1233. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
