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Battle Of Kitai
The Battle of Kitai () was a confrontation that took place during the Xinjiang Wars. In May 1934 Ma Chung-chieh led the New 36th Division an attack on Qitai County against Xinjiang clique The Xinjiang clique was a military clique that ruled Xinjiang during China's warlord era. Unlike other cliques, its leaders were from outside the province. History During the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Qing governor fled from Dihua (Ür ... forces and managed to win the battle. According to Wu:losses during the capture of Kitai were 1,000 killed or wounded. Ma Chung-chieh was reportedly killed in a moment of "inspired but utterly reckless bravery" when attempting to scale the walls in the face of machine-gun fire. There would appear to be no substance in the claims made by the JRCAS that Ma's troops were largely unarmed before their attack on Kitai, or that they were subsequently defeated by provincial forces to the west of Kitai on 29 May References Conflicts in 1934 Bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kumul Rebellion
The Kumul Rebellion ( zh, t=哈密暴動, p=Hāmì bàodòng, l=Hami Uprising) was a rebellion of Hami, Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui people, Hui Islam in China, Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kumul Khanate and wanted to restore the heir to the Khanate and overthrow Jin. The Kuomintang wanted Jin removed because of his ties to the Soviet Union, so it approved of the operation while pretending to acknowledge Jin as governor. The rebellion then catapulted into large-scale fighting as Hotan, Khotanlik Uyghurs, Uyghur rebels in southern Xinjiang started a separate rebellion for independence in collusion with Kirghiz rebels. The various groups of rebels were not united (some even fought each other). The main part of the war was waged by Ma Zhongying against the Xinjiang government. He was supported by Chiang Kai-shek, the Premier of China, who secretly agreed to let M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qitai County
Qitai County ( zh, s=奇台县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Guqung County or Gucheng County (; zh, s=古城县), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China under the administration of the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. It covers an area of and had a population of 230,000. Qitai County's county seat is in Qitai Town. Gucheng Township is nearby. History Located on one of the main routes of the Silk Road, the old Gucheng (often referred in the European writing of the past as "Ku Ch'eng-tze", Kucheng, Kuchengtze, etc., using Wade-Giles or Postal Romanization systems), was the western terminal for one of the caravan routes across the Gobi Desert. Owen Lattimore in ''The Desert Road to Turkestan'' leaves an account of his travel along this route in 1926-27. "Under the special circumstances of the caravan trade, camel traffic usually overshoots Hami the most easterly point on the arterial cart roads of Chinese Turkestan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinjiang Province, Republic Of China
Xinjiang Province () or Sinkiang Province was a nominal province of the Republic of China without administrative function. First set up as a province in 1884 by the Qing dynasty, it was replaced in 1955 by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處) until its dissolution in 1992. Administration The province inherited the borders of the Qing dynasty province, bordering Kansu, Tsinghai, the Mongol Area, Tibet Area and the countries Soviet Union, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan. The claimed boundaries of the province included all of today's Xinjiang and parts of Mongolia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. History In 1912, the Qing dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China. Yuan Dahua, the last Qing governor of Xinjiang, fled. One of his subordinates, Yang Zengxin, took control of the province and acced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New 36th Division
The New 36th Division was a cavalry division in the National Revolutionary Army. It was created in 1932 by the Kuomintang for General Ma Zhongying, who was also its first commander. It was made almost entirely out of Hui Muslim troops, all of its officers were Hui, with a few thousand Uighurs forced conscripts in the rank and file. It was commonly referred to as the KMT 36th Division or Tungan 36th Division. Original organization General Ma Zhongying, a Muslim who had trained under Chiang Kai-shek at Whampoa Military Academy in Nanjing in 1929, was the new 36th Division commander. Kamal Kaya Efendi, a Turk and a former Ottoman military officer was chief-of-staff to Ma Zhongying. The 1st Brigade was commanded by General Ma Ju-lung. The 2nd Brigade was commanded by General Ma Sheng-kuei. Cavalry regiments were divided into 2,000 men each, by horse color, black, brown, or white. Infantry then followed cavalry. Su Chin-shou was General Ma Zhancang's chief of staff. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of China (1912-49)
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering . The largest metropolitan area is formed by Taipei (the capital), New Taipei City, and Keelung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese immigration began under Dutch colonial rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
36th Division (National Revolutionary Army)
The New 36th Division was a cavalry division in the National Revolutionary Army. It was created in 1932 by the Kuomintang for General Ma Zhongying, who was also its first commander. It was made almost entirely out of Hui Muslim troops, all of its officers were Hui, with a few thousand Uighurs forced conscripts in the rank and file. It was commonly referred to as the KMT 36th Division or Tungan 36th Division. Original organization General Ma Zhongying, a Muslim who had trained under Chiang Kai-shek at Whampoa Military Academy in Nanjing in 1929, was the new 36th Division commander. Kamal Kaya Efendi, a Turk and a former Ottoman military officer was chief-of-staff to Ma Zhongying. The 1st Brigade was commanded by General Ma Ju-lung. The 2nd Brigade was commanded by General Ma Sheng-kuei. Cavalry regiments were divided into 2,000 men each, by horse color, black, brown, or white. Infantry then followed cavalry. Su Chin-shou was General Ma Zhancang's chief of staff. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Movement
The White movement,. The old spelling was retained by the Whites to differentiate from the Reds. also known as the Whites, was one of the main factions of the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It was led mainly by the Right-wing politics, right-leaning and Conservatism, conservative officers of the Russian Empire, while the Bolsheviks who led the October Revolution in Russia, also known as the ''Reds'', and their supporters, were regarded as the main enemies of the Whites. It operated as a loose system of governments and administrations and military formations collectively referred to as the White Army, or the White Guard. Although the White movement included a variety of political opinions in Russia opposed to the Bolsheviks, from the republican-minded liberals through monarchists to the ultra-nationalist Black Hundreds, and did not have a universally-accepted leader or doctrine, the main force behind the movement were the conservative officers, and the resulting movement shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheng Shicai
Sheng Shicai ( zh, c=盛世才; 3 December 189513 July 1970) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. Sheng's rise to power started with a coup d'état in 1933 when he was appointed the ''duban'' (Military Governor) of Xinjiang. The Soviet era ended in 1942, when Sheng approached the Nationalist Chinese government, but still retained much power over the province. He was dismissed from this post in 1944 and named Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. Growing animosity against him led the government to dismiss him again and appoint him to a military post. At the end of the Chinese Civil War, Sheng fled mainland China to Taiwan with the rest of the Kuomintang. Sheng Shicai was a Manchurian-born Han Chinese, educated in Tokyo, Japan, where he studied political economy and later attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. Having become a Marxist in his youth, Sheng participated in the anti-imperialist May Fourth Movement in 1919. He participated in the Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hui People
The Hui people are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Islam in China, Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the Northwest China, northwestern provinces and in the Zhongyuan region. According to the 2010 census, China is home to approximately 10.5 million Hui people. Outside China, the 170,000 Dungan people of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the Panthays in Myanmar, and many of the Chin Haws in Thailand are also considered part of the Hui ethnicity. The Hui were referred to as Hanhui during the Qing dynasty to be distinguished from the Turkic peoples, Turkic Muslims, which were referred to as Chanhui. The Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China government also recognised the Hui as a branch of the Han Chinese rather than a separate ethnic group. In the National Assembly (Republic of China), National Assembly of the Republic of China, the Hui were referred to as 1947 Chinese National Assembly election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinjiang Wars
The Xinjiang Wars () were a series of armed conflicts which took place within Xinjiang Province, Republic of China, Xinjiang in the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China during the Warlord Era, Chinese Civil War, and modern era. The wars also played an important role in the East Turkestan independence movement. * Kumul Rebellion, Kumul Rebellion (1931–1934) ** Kirghiz rebellion, Kirghiz rebellion (1932) ** Battle of Aksu (1933) ** Kizil massacre, Kizil massacre (1933) ** Battle of Sekes Tash, Battle of Sekes Tash (1933) ** Battle of Kashgar (1933) ** Battle of Ürümqi (1933) ** Battle of Toksun, Battle of Toksun (1933) ** Battle of Ürümqi (1933), First Battle of Ürümqi (1933) ** Battle of Ürümqi (1933–1934), Second Battle of Ürümqi (1933–1934) ** Battle of Kitai, Battle of Kitai (1934) ** Battle of Kashgar (1934) ** Battle of Yangi Hissar, Battle of Yangi Hissar (1934) ** Battle of Yarkand, Battle of Yarkand (1934) ** Battle of Khotan ** Battle of Tutun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Chung-chieh
Ma, MA, or mA may refer to: Academia * Master of Arts, a degree award * Marin Academy, a high school in San Rafael, California * Menlo-Atherton High School, a public high school in Atherton, California * Minnehaha Academy, a private high school in Minneapolis, Minnesota Arts and entertainment Music * ''Ma'' (Anjan Dutt album) (1998) * ''Ma'' (Rare Earth album) (1973) * ''Ma'' (Sagarika album) (1998) * ''Ma'' (Zubeen Garg album) (2019) * ''Ma! (He's Making Eyes at Me)'', 1974 debut album of Scottish singer Lena Zavaroni * Massive Attack, a British trip hop band * In music instructions, "but", especially in the phrase ''ma non troppo'' (see Glossary of musical terminology#M) * In tonic sol-fa, a flattened me * Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives, a website devoted to heavy metal bands Fictional characters * Ma (''The Lion King''), a main character in the animated film ''Lion King 1½'' * Ma Beagle, in the Donald Duck universe * Ma Hunkel, a DC Comics character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinjiang Clique
The Xinjiang clique was a military clique that ruled Xinjiang during China's warlord era. Unlike other cliques, its leaders were from outside the province. History During the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Qing governor fled from Dihua (Ürümqi). A band of Yunnanese led by Yang Zengxin quelled the rebellion and established himself as the provincial leader. President Yuan Shikai recognized Yang as governor. Yang was one of the few who supported Yuan's attempt to become emperor. During the National Protection War, he purged officers who sympathized with the Yunnan clique's leader Cai E. After Yuan's death, he recognized whichever government ruled in Beijing and maintained an isolationist and neutrality policy which kept Xinjiang away from the upheavals experienced in the rest of China. Ma Fuxing and Ma Shaowu, both of them Hui Chinese, were members of the clique. They held military and political positions under Yang. Yang held absolute power in the region and kept the keys t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
