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Battle Of Frankfurt (1246)
The battle of Frankfurt or the battle on the Nidda of 5 August 1246 was fought between two rival German kings, Henry Raspe, who had the support of Pope Innocent IV, and Conrad IV, the son of Emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II. Henry was victorious. Date and location The battle took place between the rivers river Nidda, Nidda and Main (river), Main, but its exact location is uncertain. It may have taken place on the southern bank of the Nidda to the north or west of Frankfurt, where the river was shallow and easily crossed. It may have taken place on the northern bank of the Main, where warships could operate more effectively. According to the ''Annales Wormatienses, Annals of Worms'', the battle took place on Oswald of Northumbria, Saint Oswald's day. Armies The composition of Henry's army is not known in detail nor the contribution made to it by soldiers who had taken crusade vows. Since the pope had declared a crusade against the Hohenstaufen, crusade against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crusade Against The Staufer
The crusade against the Hohenstaufen was a series of wars launched against the rulers of the Hohenstaufen dynasty with the support and encouragement of the Papacy between 1240 and 1268. The campaigns followed the excommunication of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1239 and ended with the death of his grandson Conradin, a claimant to the Kingdom of Sicily. On 20 March 1239, Pope Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick II, who was in Padua at the time preparing to campaign against the Lombard League. Almost immediately, Gregory began attacking the emperor in propaganda, aimed especially at Frederick's enemies., citing the "detailed account of the 1239–1241 papal campaign against Frederick" in . The legate Gregory of Montelongo effectively allied the papacy with the League. The network of north Italian cities opposed to the emperor was expanded to include Milan and Piacenza, while Republic of Genoa, Genoa and Republic of Venice, Venice, through papal mediation, agreed to launch an of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold II Of Isenburg
Arnold II of Isenburg (–1259) was Archbishop of Trier from 1242 to his death. A long-time member of the cathedral chapter in Trier, he held several provostships before being elected as archbishop, succeeding his uncle Theoderich von Wied. The election was controversial, and king Conrad IV of Germany granted the regalia to Rudolf de Ponte, the opposing candidate, instead. A short military conflict ensued, and the dispute ended after Rudolf's death when Arnold was confirmed as archbishop by Pope Innocent IV and consecrated in 1245. Arnold opposed Conrad and the Hohenstaufen claim to the throne, and elected Henry Raspe and later William II of Holland as German anti-kings. During his reign, he fortified several towns and built various castles. He died in Montabaur in early November 1259 and is buried in Trier Cathedral. Early life and career Arnold was born into one of the most significant noble families of the Westerwald region. His father was and his mother was Theodora v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annales Argentinenses
Annals are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically, year by year. The equivalent word in Latin and French is ''annales'', which is used untranslated in English in various contexts. List of works with titles containing the word "Annales" * ''Annales'' (Ennius), an epic poem by Quintus Ennius covering Roman history from the fall of Troy down to the censorship of Cato the Elder * Annals (Tacitus) ''Ab excessu divi Augusti'' "Following the death of the divine Augustus" * Annales Alamannici, ed. W. Lendi, Untersuchungen zur frühalemannischen Annalistik. Die Murbacher Annalen, mit Edition (Freiburg, 1971) * Annales Bertiniani, eds. F. , J. Vielliard, S. Clemencet and L. Levillain, Annales de Saint-Bertin (Paris, 1964) * , Paris, France. Published 1802 to 1813, then became the Mémoires then the Nouvelles Annales * Annales Fuldenses, ed. F. Kurze, ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' SRG (Hanover, 1891) * ''Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales'', a French ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoftag
A ''Hoftag'' (, pl. ''Hoftage'') was the name given to an informal and irregular assembly convened by the King of the Romans, the Holy Roman Emperor or one of the Princes of the Empire, with selected chief princes within the empire. Early scholarship also refers to these meetings as imperial diets (''Reichstage''), even though these gatherings were not really about the empire in general, but with matters concerning their individual rulers. In fact, the legal institution of the imperial diet appeared much later. In the early and high Middle Ages these assemblies were mostly held in the imperial palaces ''(Kaiserpfalz)''. History High Middle Ages From the feudal obligation of chief princes to stand by the king's side in word and deed, a consequent duty was derived by the time of the High Middle Ages to appear in person, at the request of the king, at royal assemblies in order to offer counsel and participate in decision-making. This was the so-called court attendance duty ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich I, Count Of Württemberg
Ulrich I (25 February 1265), nicknamed the Founder (), was Count of Württemberg from 1241 until his death in 1265. Life Ulrich's relation to his predecessors is uncertain. The historian Hansmartin Decker Hauff labelled Ulrich as a son of Hermann of Württemberg and Irmengard of Ulten. Hermann, of which very little is known, is probably a son of Hartmann, Count of Württemberg. Ulrich is believed to have been a cousin to Hartmann II, Count of Grüningen, and to have a paternal relation with Albert IV, Count of Dillingen. He was twice married. From his marriage to Mechthild of Baden, daughter of Hermann V, he had two daughters, and a son, who succeeded him as Ulrich II. From his second marriage to Agnes of Schlesien-Liegnitz, he had another son, Eberhard I, and possibly another daughter. Count of Württemberg The argument between Emperor Frederick II and the Popes Gregory IX and Innocent IV had effects on conditions in the duchy of Swabia, of which Württemberg was a part. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gesta Treverorum
The ''Gesta Treverorum'' (''Deeds of the Trevians'') is a collection of histories, legends, wars, records of the Archbishops of Trier (Trèves), writings of the Popes, and other records that were collected by the monks of the St. Matthias' Abbey in Trier Trier ( , ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( , ) and Triers (see also Names of Trier in different languages, names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle (river), Moselle in Germany. It lies in a v .... It was begun in the 12th century and was continued until 1794 when the Archbishopric of Trier came to an end. An edition was published as an eight-volume set in the 19th century. A new 8-volume edition by Emil Zenz was published in the 1950s and 1960s. Edition *Zenz, Emil (ed. and tr.) (1955–1962). ''Die Taten der Trierer. Gesta Treverorum''. 8 vols. Trier. Edition with German translation. *Waitz, Georg (ed.) (1848). "Gesta Treverorum." MGH Scriptores 8. pp. 111–200. *Wai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronica Regia Coloniensis
The ''Chronica regia Coloniensis'' ("Royal Chronicle of Cologne", German: ''Kölner Königschronik''), also called the ''Annales Colonienses maximi'', is an anonymous medieval Latin chronicle that covers the years 576 to 1202. The original chronicle only went up to 1197, but a continuator later added the following few years' events. Further continuators in the 13th century extended it down to 1249. According to the historian Manfred Groten, the ''Chronica'' was probably first compiled about 1177 in Michaelsberg Abbey, Siegburg, and then continued in Cologne. The earliest manuscript only contains an account down to 1175. The chronicle is called "royal" because it is a history of the Roman emperors, Frankish kings, Byzantine emperors and German kings and emperors. It probably began with Augustus, but the beginning of the chronicle is lost. Up to 1106 the ''Chronica'' depends on the works of Frutolf von Michelsberg and Ekkehard of Aura, and then on until 1144 on the now lost '' A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris, also known as Matthew of Paris (; 1200 – 1259), was an English people, English Benedictine monk, English historians in the Middle Ages, chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts, and cartographer who was based at St Albans Cathedral, St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire. He authored a number of historical works, many of which he scribed and illuminated himself, typically in drawings partly coloured with watercolour washes, sometimes called "tinted drawings". Some were written in Latin, others in Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Norman or Old French, French verse. He is sometimes confused with the nonexistent Matthew of Westminster. His is a renowned Medieval work, in many cases being a key source for mid-13th century Europe, partially due to his verbose insertion of personal opinions into his narrative and his use of sources such as records, letters, and conversations with witnesses to events including the English king Henry III of England, Henry III, earl Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pfennig
The pfennig (; . 'pfennigs' or 'pfennige' ; currency symbol, symbol pf or ₰) or penny is a former Germany, German coin or note, which was an official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002. While a valuable coin during the Middle Ages, it lost its value through the years and was the minor coin of the Mark (money), Mark currencies in the German Reich, West Germany and East Germany, and the German reunification, reunified Germany until the introduction of the euro. Pfennig was also the name of the subunit of the Danzig mark (1922–1923) and the Danzig gulden (1923–1939) in the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland). Overview Name The word ''Pfennig'' (replacing the ''denarius'' or ''denarius'' as a low-denomination silver coin) can be traced back to the 8th century and also became known as the ''Penning'', ''Panni(n)g '', ''Pfenni(n)c'', ''Pfending'' and by other names, e.g. in Prussia until 1873, ''Pfenning''. The ''-ing''- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cologne Mark
The Cologne mark is an obsolete unit of weight (or mass) equivalent to 233.856 grams (about 3,609 grains). The Cologne mark was in use from the 11th century onward. It came to be used as the base unit for a number of currency standards, including the Lübeck monetary system, which was important in northern Europe in the late Middle Ages, and the coinage systems of the Holy Roman Empire, most significantly the 1754 conventionsthaler, defined as of a Cologne mark. The conventionsthaler replaced the reichsthaler, of a Cologne mark. The mark is defined as half a Cologne ( pound). A is divided into 16 ( ounces) of 29.23 grams (about 451 grains). Each is subdivided into 2 , 8 , and 32 . This ounce is the basis of several other pounds, including in England the Tower pound (12 ounces), the merchant's pound (15 ounces), and the London pound (16 ounces). The Cologne (2 marks) should not be confused with the of around 350 grams, 5400 grains, used in the Nuremberg apothecaries' s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Of Worms
Worms (; ) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about south-southwest of Frankfurt am Main. It had about 84,646 inhabitants . A pre-Roman foundation, Worms is one of the oldest cities in northern Europe. It was the capital of the Kingdom of the Burgundians in the early fifth century, hence is the scene of the medieval legends referring to this period, notably the first part of the ''Nibelungenlied''. Worms has been a Roman Catholic bishopric since at least 614, and was an important palatinate of Charlemagne. Worms Cathedral is one of the imperial cathedrals and among the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany. Worms prospered in the High Middle Ages as an imperial free city. Among more than a hundred imperial diets held at Worms, the Diet of 1521 (commonly known as ''the'' Diet of Worms) ended with the Edict of Worms, in which Martin Luther was declared a heretic. Worms is also one of the historical ShUM-cities as a cultura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berchtold Von Falkenstein
Berchtold von Falkenstein (died 10 June 1272) was abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Gall from 1244 until 1272. Berchtold von Falkenstein, son of Eigelwart I from the noble family of Falkenstein was initially a monk and porter in the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Gall and succeeded Abbot Walter von Trauchburg (1239–1244) after his abdication (1244–1272).''Berchtold von Falkenstein'', in: Helvetia Sacra III/1/2 (1986), pp. 1301–1303. The tenure of abbot Berchtold was marked by economic struggles and feudal wars around the area of the monastic community of Saint Gall. Even before his tenure, the city of Wil had been occupied by the counts of Toggenburg, who had to surrender to Berchtold after five weeks of siege in early 1245.M. Buhlmann: ''Das Kloster St. Georgen im Schwarzwald und die Herren von Falkenstein.'' in: ''Vertex Alemanniae.'' H. 26, St. Georgen 2007. This would not be the last struggle with the Toggenburgs. In a dispute between the Staufian emperor and the pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
