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Battle Of Carthage (698)
The Battle of Carthage was fought in 698 AD between a Byzantine Empire, Byzantine expeditionary force and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate. The battle was a lynchpin of the ongoing Muslim conquest of the Maghreb and put remaining Byzantine resistance to rest. Background During the Second Invasion of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, Arab conquest of North Africa, the forces sent by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Abd al-Malik made it deep into the Roman Province of Africa and established a military base there called Kairouan. Due to other ongoing conflicts to the North and East of the Umayyad Caliphate, these conquering forces were redeployed elsewhere. In the vacuum, Byzantine and Berber forces in the region were able to push the garrison forces out and back to Cyrenaica. Abd al-Malik's responded with appointing the general Hassan ibn al-Nu'man to an army, that historians claim to be numbered at 40,000 strong, that would reconquer the lost territory and push on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Conquest Of North Africa
The conquest of the Maghreb by the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates commenced in 647 and concluded in 709, when the Byzantine Empire lost its last remaining strongholds to Caliph Al-Walid I. The North African campaigns were part of the century of rapid early Muslim conquests. By 642 AD, under Caliph Umar, Arab Muslim forces had taken control of Mesopotamia (638 AD), Syria (641 AD), Egypt (642 AD), and had invaded Armenia (642 AD), all territories previously split between the warring Byzantine and Sasanian empires, and were concluding their conquest of Sasanian Persia with their defeat of the Persian army at the Battle of Nahāvand. It was at this point that Arab military expeditions into North African regions west of Egypt were first launched, continuing for years and furthering the spread of Islam. In 644 at Medina, Umar was succeeded by Uthman, during whose twelve-year rule Armenia, Cyprus, and all of modern-day Iran, would be added to the expanding Rashidun Caliphate. With Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Ibn Al-Nu'man
Hassan ibn al-Nu'man al-Ghassani () was an Arab general of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the final Muslim conquest of Ifriqiya, firmly establishing Islamic rule in the region. Appointed by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Abd al-Malik (), Hassan launched a series of campaigns during the closing years of the 7th century, during which he defeated the Byzantine Empire, Byzantines and the Berbers led by al-Kahina. The Byzantine capital of Carthage was destroyed in 698 and the nearby city of Medina of Tunis, Tunis was founded in the following year. In Kairouan, Hassan set up a Muslim administration for the province to collect taxes from its Christian inhabitants and pay the troops. He enrolled thousands of Berbers into the army, which proved critical to later Muslim military successes in the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula. He was ultimately ousted from his post by the governor of Egypt, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, due to a power struggle for influence over Ifriqiya. Origins Hassan ibn al- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Of The Arab–Byzantine Wars
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
690s In The Byzantine Empire
69 may refer to: * 69 (number) * A year, primarily 69 BC, AD 69, 1969, or 2069 *69 (sex position) * 69 Hesperia, a main-belt asteroid Arts and media Music * ''69'', a 1988 album by A.R. Kane * 69", a song by Deep Purple from ''Abandon'' * Major 6 add 9, a jazz chord * "Summer of '69", a song by Bryan Adams * 6ix9ine, also known as Tekashi69, American rapper * ''Day69'', album by 6ix9ine * "69", a song by T-Pain from his 2007 album '' Epiphany'' * ''Six/Nine'', a 1995 album by Buck-Tick Other media * ''69'', a novel by Ryu Murakami * ''69'', a 2004 film based on the Murakami novel Other uses * Lake 69, a small lake in the region of Áncash, Peru * *69, the Last Call Return feature code in the US and Canada * List of highways numbered 69 ** Texas State Highway 112, formerly designated as State Highway 69 * ♋️, the symbol for the astrological sign Cancer * British Rail Class 69, a class of locomotive converted from the ageing British Rail Class 56 The British Rail C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
690s Conflicts
69 may refer to: * 69 (number) * A year, primarily 69 BC, AD 69, 1969, or 2069 * 69 (sex position) * 69 Hesperia, a main-belt asteroid Arts and media Music * ''69'', a 1988 album by A.R. Kane * 69", a song by Deep Purple from ''Abandon'' * Major 6 add 9, a jazz chord * "Summer of '69", a song by Bryan Adams * 6ix9ine, also known as Tekashi69, American rapper * ''Day69'', album by 6ix9ine * "69", a song by T-Pain from his 2007 album '' Epiphany'' * ''Six/Nine'', a 1995 album by Buck-Tick Other media * ''69'', a novel by Ryu Murakami * ''69'', a 2004 film based on the Murakami novel Other uses * Lake 69, a small lake in the region of Áncash, Peru * *69, the Last Call Return feature code in the US and Canada * List of highways numbered 69 ** Texas State Highway 112, formerly designated as State Highway 69 * ♋️, the symbol for the astrological sign Cancer * British Rail Class 69 The British Rail Class 69 is a class of diesel locomotives which are converted from lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Umayyad Caliphate
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twenty Years' Anarchy
The Twenty Years' Anarchy is a historiographic term used by some modern scholarsBellinger & Grierson (1992), p. 5 for the period of acute internal instability in the Byzantine Empire marked by the rapid succession of several emperors to the throne between the first deposition of Justinian II in 695 and the ascent of Leo III the Isaurian to the throne in 717, marking the beginning of the Isaurian dynasty. Justinian II and the usurpers - 685–711 The reign of Justinian II (685–711) became increasingly despotic and violent, and his policies met with considerable opposition. He was eventually deposed and exiled by Leontius (695–698) in 695, precipitating a prolonged period of instability and anarchy, with seven emperors in twenty-two years.Jenkins, Romilly (1966); Byzantium The Imperial centuries AD 610–1071, p. 56 Leontius was popular at first, though the loss of Carthage soon ruined his reputation. John the Patrician led a navy to Carthage, losing in 698. The army fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cothon
A cothon () is an artificial, protected inner harbour such as that in Carthage during the Punic Wars 200 BC. Cothons were generally found in the Phoenician world. Other examples include Motya in Sicily from the 6th century BC, which performed an uncertain purpose, (measuring 35 metres x 51 metres), although it has been suggested this cothon might even have been closable and drainable to form a dry dock, Mahdia in Tunisia from the 7th century BC, (which measured 72 metres x 56 metres) and one from Kition in Cyprus. In ancient times "cothon" was only used to describe the harbour at Carthage. In modern times, however, archaeologists use the term to refer to similar ancient harbours constructed of a man-made basin connected to the sea by a channel. The name comes from an island in Carthage's harbour. The harbours of Carthage The cothon at Carthage was divided into a rectangular merchant harbour followed by an inner protected harbour reserved for military use only. This inner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karabisianoi
The ''Karabisianoi'' (Medieval Greek ), sometimes anglicized as the Carabisians, were the main forces of the Byzantine navy from the mid-seventh until the early eighth centuries. The name derives from a term for ships (; cf. caravel), and means "people of the ships". The ''Karabisianoi'' were the first new and permanent naval establishment of the Byzantine Empire, formed to confront the early Muslim conquests at sea. They were disbanded and replaced with a series of maritime themes sometime in 718–730. History and role The ''Karabisianoi'' were established sometime in the second half of the seventh century in response to the early Muslim conquests. Various scholars have suggested that it evolved from the remainders of the old ''quaestura exercitus'' or the Late Roman army of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum, but these suggestions remain hypothetical. The date of the fleet's establishment is unclear: some scholars propose that it was established in the 650s or 660s by Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goths
The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is now Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania. From here they conducted raids into Roman territory, and large numbers of them joined the Roman military. These early Goths lived in the regions where archaeologists find the Chernyakhov culture, which flourished throughout this region during the 3rd and 4th centuries. In the late 4th century, the lands of the Goths in present-day Ukraine were overwhelmed by a significant westward movement of Alans and Huns from the east. Large numbers of Goths subsequently concentrated upon the Roman border at the Lower Danube, seeking refuge inside the Roman Empire. After they entered the Empire, violence broke out, and Goth-led forces inflicted a devastating defeat upon the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
