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Battle Of Ane
The Battle of Ane (Dutch Low Saxon:''Slag bi'j Aone'', Dutch:''Slag bij Ane''), was fought in 1227 between Otto II of Lippe, Bishop of Utrecht, and Rudolf II van Coevorden with his army of Drenths. The account of the battle comes from '' Quedam narracio de Groninghe de Trentis de Covordia et diversis aliis sub episcopis traiectensibus'' ("A narrative of Groningen and Drenthe and various other things under the Bishops of Utrecht"), a manuscript from the early 13th century. Background From the middle of the 11th century the Bishops of Utrecht were given the lands of Groningen, Overijssel and Drenthe as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1141 Hartbert van Bierum, the Bishop of Utrecht gave Groningen and Drenthe as fiefdoms to the brothers Leffard and Ludolf, his vassals. Rivalry amongst the respective heirs, prefect Egbert of Groningen and burgrave Rudolf II of Coevorden led to conflicts between Drenthe and Groningen in which the Drenths fought both with and against the troo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto II Of Lippe
Otto of Lippe was a son of Bernhard II, Lord of Lippe. He was bishop of Utrecht as Otto II from 1216 to 1227. Several of his brothers also held high ecclesiastical offices in the Rhineland. He likely participated in the foundation of the Teutonic Order. During the Fifth Crusade, Otto visited Palestine. In 1227, Otto was joined by his former enemy, count Floris IV, Count of Holland, to suppress a rebellion by the people of Drenthe, led by Rudolph van Coevorden. He died in the Battle of Ane (a town close to Hardenberg Hardenberg (; or '' 'n Arnbarg'') is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Overijssel, Eastern Netherlands. The municipality of ...) on 28 July 1227. References 1228 deaths Prince-bishops of Utrecht 13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire Christians of the Fifth Crusade Military personnel killed in action ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty. The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief. The term is also applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies. In contrast, fealty (''fidelitas'') was sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch. European vassalage In fully developed vassalage, the lord and the vassal would take part in a commendation ceremony composed of two parts, the Homage (feudal), homage and the fealty, including the use of Christian sacraments to show its sacred importance. According to Eginhard's brief description, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assen
Assen () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands, and is the capital (politics), capital of the province of Drenthe. It received City rights in the Low Countries, city rights in 1809. Assen is known for TT Circuit Assen, the motorcycle sport, motorcycle racing circuit, where on the last Sunday in June the Dutch TT is run; and also for the annual Assen Dance Festival. Population centres Anreep, Assen, De Haar, Assen, De Haar, Graswijk, Loon, Drenthe, Loon, Rhee, Netherlands, Rhee, Schieven, Ter Aard, Ubbena, Witten, Drenthe, Witten, Zeijerveen, and Zeijerveld. History The history of the capital of Drenthe can be traced back to at least 1258, when a new location had to be found for Marienkamp Abbey, which had originally been built near Coevorden as a penalty for the slaughter in 1227 of the army of the Bishop of Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht, Utrecht at the hands of Drenthe's pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolde
Rolde () is a village in the Netherlands, Dutch Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Drenthe. Located in the Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of Aa en Hunze, it lies about 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Assen. In 2021, Rolde had a population of 3,905. History Rolde was a separate municipality until 1998, when it became a part of the newly established municipality of Aa en Hunze. Although facilities are limited, Rolde possesses a ten-pin bowling alley. There are also two ''hunebeds'' on a site east of the church. The windmill has been restored to working order. Gallery File:Rolde, het voormalige gemeentehuis RM482933 foto6 2014-07-12 18.31.jpg, Former Rolde Town Hall File:Molen van Rolde.jpg, Rolde Windmill File:Rolde voormalig Gemeentehuis.JPG, Former town hall File:Rolde De Eekhof Asserstraat 3.JPG, Villa in Rolde References External links * {{Authority control Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 1998 Populated places in Drenthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto III Van Holland
Otto van Holland (died 27 March 1249) was a bishop of Utrecht from 1233 to 1249. Otto was the second son of William I, Count of Holland and his first wife Adelaide of Guelders. He was elected as bishop in 1233, but because of resistance from the canons of Utrecht, his consecration was delayed until 1245. He emerged as a forceful ruler who involved himself primarily in secular affairs. After the death of his brother Floris IV, Count of Holland in 1234, he became guardian of Floris' son William II, Count of Holland, and he governed the County of Holland. He resolved the problems in Drenthe Drenthe () is a province of the Netherlands located in the northeastern part of the country. It is bordered by Overijssel to the south, Friesland to the west, Groningen to the north, and the German state of Lower Saxony to the east. As of Jan ..., problems which had cost his predecessor Otto II of Lippe his life. He also subjected the lords of Goor to his authority. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friso-Drentic War
The Drenther Crusade was a military campaign launched against the inhabitants of Drenthe with the approval of the Papacy in 1228 and lasting until 1232. It was led by Willibrand, Bishop of Utrecht, commanding an army composed mostly of Frisian crusaders. The crusade was part of a longstanding conflict between the Drenthers (or Drents) and the bishopric of Utrecht over the prerogatives of the bishop and the religious practices of the Drenthers. The incident which turned the conflict into a crusade was the killing of Bishop Otto II of Utrecht in the Battle of Ane in 1227. Willibrand received papal authorization for a crusade on the grounds, it appears, that the Drenthers were heretics for defying their bishop. He preached the cross in Frisia between the summer of 1228 and the winter of 1230–31. There were several battles, but the crusade ended inconclusively in September 1232. The conflict simmered on into 1234. There are two main sources for the conflict, both written around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilbrand Van Oldenburg
Wilbrand of Oldenburg (before 1180 - Zwolle, 26 July 1233) was a bishop of Paderborn and of Utrecht. Family Wilbrand was the son of Henry II, Count of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen, and Beatrix of Hallermund, daughter of Wilbrand I, Count of Loccum-Hallermund. His uncle Gerhard of Oldenburg was bishop of Osnabrück from 1192 to 1216 and archbishop of Bremen from 1216 to 1219. Wilbrand was also related to the count of Holland and Guelders. Wilbrand's older brothers Burchard of Wildenbrug and Henry III, Count of Oldenburg were killed in a crusade against the Stedingers. His other brother Engelmar was provost at Munster. Life From 1211 to 1212 Wilbrand was Canon of Hildesheim, where he was ordered by Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor to prepare the Fifth Crusade to the Holy Land. He travelled throughout the region and reported about this in his ''Itinerary of the Holy Land'' (), an important historical source on the crusades and crusader castles. He was supported in this task by the grandm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially Decomposition, decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, Moorland, moors, or muskegs. ''Sphagnum'' moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most common components in peat, although many other plants can contribute. The biological features of sphagnum mosses act to create a habitat aiding peat formation, a phenomenon termed 'habitat manipulation'. Soils consisting primarily of peat are known as histosols. Peat forms in wetland conditions, where flooding or stagnant water obstructs the flow of oxygen from the atmosphere, slowing the rate of decomposition. Peat properties such as organic matter content and saturated hydraulic conductivity can exhibit high spatial heterogeneity. Peatlands, particularly bogs, are the primary source of peat; although less common, other wetlands, including fens, pocosins and peat swamp forests, also deposit peat. Landscapes covered in peat are home to sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mire
A peatland is a type of wetland whose soils consist of Soil organic matter, organic matter from decaying plants, forming layers of peat. Peatlands arise because of incomplete decomposition of organic matter, usually litter from vegetation, due to Waterlogging (agriculture), water-logging and subsequent anoxic waters, anoxia. Peatlands are unusual landforms that derive mostly from biological rather than physical processes, and can take on characteristic shapes and surface patterning. The formation of peatlands is primarily controlled by climatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature, although terrain relief is a major factor as waterlogging occurs more easily on flatter ground and in basins. Peat formation typically initiates as a paludification of a mineral soil forests, terrestrialisation of lakes, or primary peat formation on bare soils on previously glaciated areas. A peatland that is actively forming peat is called a ''mire''. All types of mires share the common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gramsbergen
Gramsbergen (Dutch Low Saxon: ''Grambarge'') is a small Dutch city on the Vechte, located in the municipality of Hardenberg and the province of Overijssel. The town is located on corridors of different transportation modes: The N34 (Zwolle - Emmen), the Zwolle - Emmen railway and the Almelo - de Haandrik canal. History Gramsbergen and its hamlets have been inhabited since pre-historic times. In the 'Cultuur Historisch Informatie Centrum Vechtdal' (The Historical and Cultural Center of Vechtdal), in the centre of Gramsbergen, several archaeological artefacts are exhibited. These artefacts come from settlements from around 8000 BC. It was first mentioned in 1227 as Bergene, and means "the hill of Gram (person)". It received city rights in 1442. Gramsbergen developed on higher ground along the Vechte. In 1227, the Battle of Ane was fought to the west of Gramsbergen during which the bishop of Utrecht was defeated by the citizens of Drenthe. In 1339, , a '' havezate'', was built whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardenberg
Hardenberg (; or '' 'n Arnbarg'') is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Overijssel, Eastern Netherlands. The municipality of Hardenberg has a population of about 60,000, with about 19,000 living in the city. It received City rights in the Low Countries, city rights in 1362 from John of Arkel (bishop), Jan van Arkel, Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580), Bishop of Utrecht. The famous Pieterpad passes through Hardenberg, a municipality which is located on the Germany–Netherlands border, German border. A sizable portion of the population speaks Dutch Low Saxon as a native language. Transport Cycling The Great Hardenburg Bicycle Race takes place each August, with the top 3 victors being named the "Wheeler-Kings" of the town and given lifetime passes to the local museum. Road The Provincial road N34 (Netherlands), N34, which runs through Hardenberg, is its major r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ommen
Ommen () is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a Hanseatic League, Hanseatic city in the eastern Netherlands. It is located in the Vechte, Vecht valley of the Salland region in Overijssel. Historical records first name Ommen in the early 12th century and it was officially founded as a city in 1248. The municipality had a population of in and covers an area of . Population centres Besides the city of Ommen (population: 8,710) and the town of Lemele (population: 570), the municipality consists of the following hamlets and villages:Central Bureau for Statistics (CBS), January 1, 2006 History The emergence of Ommen The first inhabitants of the area around Ommen were probably semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers. Flint from the Mesolithic, Mesolithic period found in between Ommen and Hardenberg, Mariënberg indicates the presence of humans around 9,000 BCE, but there seems to have been hardly any tillage, cultivation or permanent Human settlement, settlement during thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
