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Basque Conflict
The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and political conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque nationalism, Basque organizations which separatism, sought independence from Spain and France. The movement was built around the separatist organization ETA (separatist group), ETA, which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959. ETA had been proscribed as a List of designated terrorist organizations, terrorist organization by the Spanish, British, French and U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, American authorities at different moments. The conflict took place mostly on Spanish soil, although to a smaller degree it was also present in France, which was primarily used as a safe haven by ETA members. It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe. It has been sometimes referred to as " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Active Separatist Movements In Europe
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession, though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognised as a national minority. Criteria What is and is not considered an Autonomism (political doctrine), autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: # They are active movements with active members. # They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to National personal autonomy, personal autonomy). # They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: * ''De facto'' state (de facto entity): for Diplomatic recognition, unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. * Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state. * Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Guard (Spain)
The Civil Guard (; ) is one of the two national law enforcement agencies of Spain. As a national gendarmerie, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil police, policing under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior (Spain), Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence (Spain), Ministry of Defence. The role of the Ministry of Defence is limited except in times of war when the Ministry has exclusive authority. The corps is colloquially known as the ' (the meritorious or the reputables). In annual surveys, it generally ranks as the national institution most valued by Spaniards, closely followed by other law enforcement agencies and the Spanish Armed Forces, armed forces. It has both a regular national role and undertakes specific foreign peacekeeping missions and is part of the European Gendarmerie Force. As a national gendarmerie force, the Civil Guard was modelled on the French National Gendarmerie and has many similarities. As part of its daily d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acción Nacional Española
{{disambiguation ...
Acción (Spanish "action" or "share") or Accion may refer to: * Acción Emprendedora, a non-profit organization based in Chile * Accion International, a microfinance organization based in Boston ** Accion USA, the US branch of Accion International * Accion Lacus, ancient name of Lake Geneva * '' Acción mutante'', 1993 Spanish science fiction black comedy film * Acción, Spanish record label of Pablo Guerrero and other artists * Accion, a performer associated with the musical collective Swing Mob See also * Acción Popular (other) * Acción y reacción * Action (other) Action may refer to: * Action (philosophy), something which is done by a person * Action principles the heart of fundamental physics * Action (narrative), a literary mode * Action fiction, a type of genre fiction * Action game, a genre of video ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warriors Of Christ The King
The ''Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey'' (English: Warriors of Christ the King) was a far-right paramilitary organisation active in the late 1970s in Spain, primarily in the Basque Country and Madrid, but also in Navarre. History The group emerged at a time of factionism within the Carlist movement. Historically Carlism was a traditionalist, legitimist and Catholic movement, supporting a different monarchical line to the one occupying the Spanish throne. Under the leadership of Carlos Hugo, the group began to support a left-wing, social democrat ideology under the banner of the Carlist Party. This caused large-scale conflict within the movement; many proclaimed his more traditionalist-minded brother, Sixtus Henry, as Carlist regent. Probably the most notable incident involving the group was the Montejurra massacre of 1976, which happened during the annual Carlist pilgrimage to the Montejurra mountain in Navarre. During this attack, two supporters of the Carlos Hugo faction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grupos Armados Españoles
The ''Grupos Armados Españoles'' (GAE) (English: Spanish Armed Groups) was a Spanish neo-fascist paramilitary organisation active from 1979 to 1980, primarily in the Basque Country. A report by the Office for Victims of Terrorism of the Basque Government in June 2010 attributed six murders to the group, and linked it to the National Police Corps, SECED and the Civil Guard. Attacks Attacks attributed to the Spanish Armed Groups: *28 September 1979: Assassination of Tomás Alba Irazusta, ''Herri Batasuna'' town councillor of Donostia in Astigarraga. *15 January 1980: Assassination of Carlos Saldise Corta (member of the '' Gestoras Pro Amnistía'') in Lezo. *20 January 1980: Alonsotegi bombing. Four killed and 10 injured.(In SpanishEl grupo de ultraderecha GAE reivindica el atentado de Baracaldo Alleged links with Francoist repression The report of the Office of Victims of Terrorism of the Basque Government The Basque Government (, ; ) is the governing body of the Basq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triple A (Spain)
The ''Alianza Apostólica Anticomunista'' (English: Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance) was a Spanish far-right paramilitary organisation active from 1976 to 1983, primarily in the southern Basque Country but also in the French Basque Country and Barcelona. A June 2010 report by the Office for Victims of Terrorism of the Basque Government attributed eight murders with 66 deathly victims to the group and linked it to the National Police Corps, SECED and the Civil Guard. The group attacked the satirical magazine '' El Papus'' in Barcelona, killing one person and injuring 17. Attacks Attacks claimed by the Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance: *27 July 1976: The group claimed responsibility for kidnapping ETA political-military leader Pertur. The '' Batallón Vasco Español'' later claimed responsibility for kidnapping and murdering Pertur. *16 December 1976: The group threatened Catalan singer Lluis Llach, attacking with machine guns at one of his concerts. *25 January 1977: Tripl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batallón Vasco Español
The ''Batallón Vasco Español'' (BVE) (English: Spanish Basque Battalion), sometimes associated with the Alianza Apostólica Anticomunista (AAA) (English: Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance), Antiterrorismo ETA (English: ETA Antiterrorism) or Triple A (English: Triple A), was a Spanish neo-fascist parapolice organization present mainly in the Basque Country and Southern France. It began operations in 1975, a year and a half after the murder of Luis Carrero Blanco by ETA and disbanded by April 1981. Some of its former members joined an organization formed not long after, known as the Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación. The use of violence by the BVE was reported by ETA and its allies, who identified it as violence committed directly by the Spanish government against the Basque population. Manuel Fraga, former interior minister who was in office when the BVE was formed, defended it by saying it was a group of mayors who self-defended because ETA was going after them but ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-communist
Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. Anti-communism has been an element of many movements and different political positions across the political spectrum, including anarchism, centrism, conservatism, fascism, liberalism, nationalism, social democracy, socialism, leftism, and libertarianism, as well as broad movements #Evasion of censorship, resisting communist governance. Anti-communism has also been expressed by #Religions, several religious groups, and in art and #Literature, literature. The first organization which was specifically dedicated to opposing communism was the Russian White movement, which fought in the Russian Civil War starting in 1918 against the recently established Government of Vladimir Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Police (France)
The National Police (, ), formerly known as the , is one of two national police forces of France, the other being the National Gendarmerie. The National Police is the country's main civil law enforcement agency, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. By contrast, the National Gendarmerie has primary jurisdiction in smaller towns, as well as in rural and border areas. The National Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Minister of the Interior (France), Ministry of the Interior and has about 145,200 employees (as of 2015). Young French citizens can fulfill their optional Civil conscription, national service () in the national police force. The national police force was created on 14 August 1941, under the Vichy France, Vichy regime, by a decree signed by the head of government, Philippe Pétain. This decree implements the law of 23 April 1941, creating the Police nationale: the forces of the Sûreté nationale (with the former services of the Sûreté générale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Gendarmerie
The National Gendarmerie ( ) is one of two national law enforcement forces of France, along with the National Police (France), National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Minister of the Interior (France), Ministry of the Interior, with additional duties from the Ministry of Armed Forces (France), Ministry of Armed Forces. Its responsibilities include policing smaller towns, suburbs and rural areas, crowd and riot control, and criminal investigation, including cybercrime. By contrast, the National Police is a civilian law enforcement agency that is in charge of policing cities and larger towns. Because of its military status, the Gendarmerie also fulfills a range of military and defence missions. The Gendarmerie has a strength of around 102,269 people (as of 2018). The Gendarmerie is the heir of the , the oldest police force in France, dating back to the Middle Ages. The Gendarmerie has influenced the culture and tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grenade Bois De Cerf
A grenade is a small explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A modern hand grenade generally consists of an explosive charge ("filler"), a detonator mechanism, an internal striker to trigger the detonator, an arming safety secured by a transport safety. The user removes the transport safety before throwing, and once the grenade leaves the hand the arming safety gets released, allowing the striker to trigger a primer that ignites a fuze (sometimes called the delay element), which burns down to the detonator and explodes the main charge. Grenades work by dispersing fragments (fragmentation grenades), shockwaves (high-explosive, anti-tank and stun grenades), chemical aerosols (smoke, gas and chemical grenades) or fire (incendiary grenades). Their outer casings, generally made of a hard synthetic material or steel, are desi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
