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Band I
Band I is a range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first time there was defined "for simplicity" in Annex 1 of "Final acts of the European Broadcasting Conference in the VHF and UHF bands - Stockholm, 1961". Band I ranges from 47 to 68 MHz for the European Broadcasting Area, and from 54 to 88 MHz for the Americas and it is primarily used for television broadcasting in compliance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1.38). With the transition to digital TV, most Band I transmitters have already been switched off. Television broadcasting usage Channel spacings vary from country to country, with spacings of 6, 7 and 8 MHz being common. In the UK, Band I was originally used by the BBC for monochrome 405-line television; likewise, the French former 455-line (1937–1939) then 441-line (1943–1956) transmitter on the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and some stations of the French monochrome 819-line system used Band I. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around . This is roughly between the upper limit of audio frequencies that humans can hear (though these are not electromagnetic) and the lower limit of infrared frequencies, and also encompasses the microwave range. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses. Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range. Electric current Electric currents that oscillate at radio frequencies (RF currents) have special properties not shared by direct current or lower audio frequency alternating current, such as the 50 or 60 Hz current used in electrical power distribution. * Energy from RF currents in conduct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torino
Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is mainly on the western bank of the Po (river), River Po, below its Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga hill. The population of the city proper is 856,745 as of 2025, while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million. The city was historically a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. Turin is sometimes called "the cradle of Italian liberty" for having been the politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FM Extended Band In Brazil
In Brazil, the FM extended band (), abbreviated eFM, refers to the extension of the FM broadcast band between 76.1 and 87.3 MHz, beyond the conventional band of 87.5 to 108 MHz that was previously used. The reclaimed spectrum was previously used to broadcast analog television channels 5 and 6 before the country's digital television transition. The first eFM stations began broadcasting on May 7, 2021, and the spectrum is being used as part of a plan to migrate AM stations to the FM band. History The idea of converting the former channels 5 and 6 for sound broadcasting use had been first floated in Brazil in 2013, as a method to support AM stations by migrating them to FM; that year, President Dilma Rousseff signed a law that started the AM–FM migration process in Brazil. Since then, 1,720 of the country's 1,781 AM outlets have requested migration, including in areas where no further FM stations could be added. Jovem Pan News in São Paulo was allowed by the Ministry of Communicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Am Radio
AM broadcasting is radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation (AM) transmissions. It was the first method developed for making audio radio transmissions, and is still used worldwide, primarily for medium wave (also known as "AM band") transmissions, but also on the longwave and shortwave radio bands. The earliest experimental AM transmissions began in the early 1900s. However, widespread AM broadcasting was not established until the 1920s, following the development of vacuum tube receivers and transmitters. AM radio remained the dominant method of broadcasting for the next 30 years, a period called the "Golden Age of Radio", until television broadcasting became widespread in the 1950s and received much of the programming previously carried by radio. Later, AM radio's audiences declined greatly due to competition from FM (FM broadcasting, frequency modulation) radio, Digital audio broadcasting, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), satellite radio, HD Radio, HD (digital) radio, In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PAL-M
PAL-M was the analog color TV system used in Brazil since early 1972, making it the first South American country to broadcast in color. It is unique among analog TV systems in that it combines the 525-line 30 frames-per-second System M with the PAL color encoding system (using very nearly the NTSC color subcarrier frequency), unlike all other countries which pair PAL with 625-line systems and NTSC with 525-line systems. Color broadcasts began on 19 February 1972, when a TV station in Caxias do Sul, TV Difusora, transmitted the Caxias do Sul Grape Festival in collaboration with TV Rio. Transition from black and white to color on most programs was not complete until 1978, and only became commonplace nationwide by 1980. Origins NTSC being the "natural" choice for countries with monochrome standard M, the choice of a different color system poses problems of incompatibility with available hardware and the need to develop new television sets and production hardware. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FM Broadcast Band
The FM broadcast band is a range of radio frequencies used for FM broadcasting by radio stations. The range of frequencies used differs between different parts of the world. In Europe and Africa (defined as International Telecommunication Union (ITU) region 1) and in Australia and New Zealand, it spans from 87.5 to 108 megahertz (MHz) - also known as VHF Band II - while in the Americas (ITU region 2) it ranges from 88 to 108 MHz. The FM broadcast band in Japan uses 76 to 95 MHz, and in Brazil, 76 to 108 MHz. The International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT) band in Eastern Europe is from 65.9 to 74.0 MHz, although these countries now primarily use the 87.5 to 108 MHz band, as in the case of Russia. Some other countries have already discontinued the OIRT band and have changed to the 87.5 to 108 MHz band. Narrow band Frequency Modulation was developed and demonstrated by Hanso Idzerda in 1919. Wide band Frequency modulation radio originated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulse 87
Pulse 87 is an online radio station with an electronic dance music music format. It started as the audio feed of a channel-6 "Franken-FM" television station in New York City, audible on traditional FM radios at 87.7, before moving solely to streaming online. History The brand was formerly owned and operated by Mega Media, which it operated under a leasing deal with WNYZ-LP, broadcasting at 87.7 (channel 6), with plans to expand the format to other cities only to incur financial losses and disputes over the business arrangements, leading to the station's demise in 2009. In February 2010, the format was resurrected as an online non-profit Internet station under new management following the bankruptcy and liquidation of its former owner. Return to terrestrial radio On June 24, 2014, LKCM Broadcasting, the owners of KYLI in Las Vegas, adopted the "Pulse 87" brand, replacing the interactive Jelli format it had used since 2011. This brought the Pulse brand back to radio for the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KSFH
KSFH was an American non-commercial educational FM radio station licensed to operate on 87.9 MHz with an effective radiated power of 10 watts. KSFH started as the radio station of Saint Francis High School at Mountain View, California. It was sold to Mountain View Public Broadcasting in 2015, with the sale being consummated on October 7 that year. KSFH was one of two radio stations licensed to operate on 87.9 MHz in the United States. History KSFH was started by Saint Francis High School, with its first application for a construction permit Planning permission or building permit refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significant renovation), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions. House building permits, for example, are subject to bu ... being filed on December 11, 1972. The KSFH callsign was issued to the construction permit on February 12, 1973. KSFH was first licensed on March 16, 1976. Formerly authorized to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, internet, wi-fi, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains jurisdiction over the areas of broadband access, fair competition, radio frequency use, media responsibility, public safety, and homeland security. The FCC was established pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the previous Federal Radio Commission. The FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The FCC's mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories of the United States. The FCC also provides varied degrees of cooperation, oversight, and leadership for similar communications bodies in other countries in North America. The FCC is funded entirely by regulatory fees. It has an estimated fiscal-2022 budg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FM Radio
FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting that uses frequency modulation (FM) of the radio broadcast carrier wave. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, wide-band FM is used worldwide to transmit high fidelity, high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. FM broadcasting offers higher fidelity—more accurate reproduction of the original program sound—than other broadcasting techniques, such as AM broadcasting. It is also less susceptible to Electromagnetic interference, common forms of interference, having less static and popping sounds than are often heard on AM. Therefore, FM is used for most broadcasts of music and general audio (in the audio spectrum). FM radio stations use the very high frequency range of radio frequency, radio frequencies. Broadcast bands Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion of it, with few exceptions: * In the Commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Channel 1 (NTSC-M)
In North American broadcast television frequencies, channel 1 was a former broadcast ( over-the-air) television channel which was removed from service in 1948. During the experimental era of TV operation, Channel 1 was moved around the lower VHF spectrum repeatedly, with the entire band displaced upward at one point due to an early 40 MHz allocation for the FM broadcast band. After FM was moved to its current frequencies in 1946, TV Channel 1's last assigned band was 44 to 50 MHz. This allocation was short-lived. Until 1948, Land Mobile Radio and television broadcasters shared the same frequencies, which caused interference. This shared allocation was eventually found to be unworkable, so the FCC reallocated the Channel 1 frequencies for public safety and land mobile use and assigned TV channels 2–13 exclusively to broadcasters. Aside from the shared frequency issue, this part of the VHF band was (and to some extent still is) prone to higher levels of radio-frequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CCIR System M
CCIR System M, sometimes called 525–line, NTSC, NTSC-M, or CCIR-M, is the analog broadcast television system approved by the FCC (upon recommendation by the National Television System Committee - NTSC) for use in the United States since July 1, 1941, replacing the 441-line TV system introduced in 1938. It is also known as EIA standard 170. System M comprises a total of 525 interlaced lines of video, of which 486 contain the image information, at 30 frames per second. Video is amplitude modulated and audio is frequency modulated, with a total bandwidth of 6 MHz for each channel, including a guard band. It was also adopted in the Americas and Caribbean; Myanmar, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Japan (here with minor differences, informally referred to as ''System J)''. System M doesn't specify a color system, but NTSC color encoding was normally used, with some exceptions: NTSC-J in Japan, PAL-M in Brazil and SECAM-M in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (see '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
