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Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone, Pennsylvania, Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima Locomotive Works, Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation. The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads. History: 19th century Beginning Matthias W. Baldwin, the founder, was a jeweler and whitesmith, who, in 1825, formed a partnership with machinist David H. Mason, and began making bookbinders' tools and cylinders for calico printing. Baldwin t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthias W
Matthias is a name derived from the Greek Ματθαίος, in origin similar to Matthew (given name), Matthew. Notable people Notable people named Matthias include the following: Religion * Saint Matthias, chosen as an apostle in Acts 1:21–26 to replace Judas Iscariot * Matthias of Trakai (–1453), Lithuanian clergyman, bishop of Samogitia and of Vilnius * Matthias Flacius, Lutheran reformer * Matthias the Prophet, see Robert Matthews (religious impostor) Claimed to be the reincarnation of the original Matthias during the Second Great Awakening * Matthias F. Cowley, Latter-day Saint apostle Arts * Matthias Bamert (born 1942), Swiss composer * Matthias Barr (1831-1911), Scottish poet * Matthias Grünewald, highly regarded painter from the German Renaissance * Matthias Jabs, German guitarist and songwriter * Matthías Jochumsson, Icelandic poet * Matthias Lechner, German film art director * Matthias Menck, German audio engineer, electronic music producer and DJ * Matthias Paul (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calico Printing
Calico (; in British usage since 1505) is a heavy plain-woven textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. It may also contain unseparated husk parts. The fabric is far coarser than muslin, but less coarse and thick than canvas or denim. However, it is still very cheap owing to its unfinished and undyed appearance. The fabric was originally from the city of Calicut in southwestern India. It was made by the traditional weavers called cāliyans. The raw fabric was dyed and printed in bright hues, and calico prints became popular in Europe. History Origins Calico originated in Calicut, from which the name of the textile came, in South India, now Kerala, during the 11th century, where the cloth was known as "chaliyan". It was mentioned in Indian literature by the 12th century when the polymath and writer Hemachandra described calico fabric prints with a lotus design.''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2008)"calico" Calico was woven using Gujarati cotton from Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panic Of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that began a major depression (economics), depression which lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages dropped, westward expansion was stalled, unemployment rose, and pessimism abounded. The panic had both domestic and foreign origins. Speculation, Speculative lending practices in the West, a sharp decline in cotton prices, a collapsing land bubble, international Bullion coin, specie flows, and restrictive lending policies in Britain were all factors. The lack of a central bank to regulate fiscal matters, which President Presidency of Andrew Jackson, Andrew Jackson had ensured by not extending the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, was also key. The ailing economy of early 1837 led investors to panic, and a bank run ensued, giving the crisis its name. The bank run came to a head on May 10, 1837, when banks in New York City ran out of gold and silver. They immediately suspended hard money (p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stroke (engine)
In the context of an internal combustion engine, the term stroke has the following related meanings: * A phase of the engine's cycle (e.g. compression stroke, exhaust stroke), during which the piston travels from top to bottom or vice versa. * The type of power cycle used by a piston engine (e.g. two-stroke engine, four-stroke engine). * "Stroke length", the distance travelled by the piston during each cycle. The stroke length, along with bore diameter, determines the engine's displacement. Phases in the power cycle Commonly used engine phases or strokes (i.e. those used in a four-stroke engine) are described below. Other types of engines can have very different phases. Induction-intake stroke The induction stroke is the first phase in a four-stroke (e.g. Otto cycle or Diesel cycle) engine. It involves the downward movement of the piston, creating a partial vacuum that draws an air-fuel mixture (or air alone, in the case of a direct injection engine) into the combustion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bore (engine)
In a piston engine, the bore (or cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder. Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders: displacement = The stroke ratio, determined by dividing the bore by the stroke, traditionally indicated whether an engine was designed for power at high engine speeds ( rpm) or torque at lower engine speeds. The term "bore" can also be applied to the bore of a locomotive cylinder or steam engine pistons. In steam locomotives The term bore also applies to the cylinder of a steam locomotive or steam engine. Bore pitch Bore pitch is the distance between the centerline of a cylinder bore to the centerline of the next cylinder bore adjacent to it in an internal combustion engine. It's also referred to as the "mean cylinder width", "bore spacing", "bore center distance" and "cylinder spacing". The bore pitch is always larger than the inside diameter of the cylinder (the bore and piston diameter) sinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philadelphia, Germantown And Norristown Railroad
The Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad (PG&N) was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1831 and opened its first line in 1832, making it one of the oldest railroads in North America. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, a forerunner of the Reading Company, leased the company's lines in 1870, ending its period of independent operation. Its lines are currently part of the SEPTA Regional Rail network in the Philadelphia region. History The Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad was incorporated on April 5, 1831. The company's initial line extended from Philadelphia to Germantown, and opened on June 6, 1832. The company abandoned its original intention to extend to Norristown from Germantown and instead built west from 16th Street Junction in what is now North Philadelphia. This line reached Manayunk on October 18, 1834, and Norristown on August 15, 1835. The PG&N's Philadelphia depot was situated at Ninth Street and Green Stre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Ironsides (locomotive)
Matthias William Baldwin (December 10, 1795 – September 7, 1866) was an American inventor and machinery manufacturer, specializing in the production of steam locomotives. Baldwin's small machine shop, established in 1825, grew to become Baldwin Locomotive Works, one of the largest and most successful locomotive manufacturing firms in the United States. The most famous of the early locomotives were ''Old Ironsides'', built by Matthias Baldwin in 1832. Baldwin was also a strong advocate of abolitionism. Early years Matthias W. Baldwin was born December 10, 1795, in Elizabethtown, New Jersey. He was the youngest of five children born to a prosperous carriage builder named William Baldwin. Following his father's death in 1799, executors of the Baldwin estate proved unequal to the task, however, and his widow and children were left in difficult financial circumstances owing to their poor management. Although he received a very satisfactory common school education, Baldwin's i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boring (manufacturing)
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or casting, cast) by means of a Tool bit, single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head containing several such tools), such as in boring a gun barrel or an cylinder (engine), engine cylinder. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a tapered hole. Boring can be viewed as the internal-diameter counterpart to turning, which cuts external diameters. There are various types of boring. The boring bar may be supported on both ends (which only works if the existing hole is a through hole), or it may be supported at one end (which works for both, through holes and blind holes). Lineboring (line boring, line-boring) implies the former. Backboring (back boring, back-boring) is the process of reaching through an existing hole and then boring on the "back" side of the workpiece (relative to the machine headstock). Because of the limitatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cylinder (engine)
In an engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels. The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block. A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings, which also provide seals for compression and the lubricating oil. The piston rings do not actually touch the cylinder walls, instead they ride on a thin layer of lubricating oil. Steam engines The cylinder in a steam engine is made pressure-tight with end covers and a piston; a valve distributes the steam to the ends of the cylinder. Cylinders were cast in cast iron and later in steel. The cylinder casting can include other features such as valve ports and mounting feet. Internal combustion engines The cylinder is the space through which the piston travels, propelled by the energy generated from the combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. In an air-cooled e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine Tool
A machine tool is a machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, Boring (manufacturing), boring, grinding (abrasive cutting), grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformations. Machine tools employ some sort of tool that does the cutting or shaping. All machine tools have some means of constraining the workpiece and provide a guided movement of the parts of the machine. Thus, the relative movement between the workpiece and the cutting tool (which is called the toolpath) is controlled or constrained by the machine to at least some extent, rather than being entirely "offhand" or "wikt:freehand#Adjective, freehand". It is a power-driven metal cutting machine which assists in managing the needed relative motion between cutting tool and the job that changes the size and shape of the job material. The precise definition of the term ''machine tool'' varies among users. While all machine tools are "machines that help people to make things", not a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordentown, New Jersey
Bordentown is a City (New Jersey), city in Burlington County, New Jersey, Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 3,993, an increase of 69 (+1.8%) from the 2010 United States census, 2010 census count of 3,924, which in turn reflected a decline of 45 (−1.1%) from the 3,969 counted in the 2000 United States census, 2000 census. Bordentown is located at the confluence of the Delaware River, Blacks Creek, and Crosswicks Creek. The latter is the border between Burlington and Mercer County, New Jersey, Mercer counties. Bordentown is the northernmost municipality in New Jersey that is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading, Pennsylvania, Reading-Camden, New Jersey, Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley. It sits about one-third of the distance from Center City, Philadelphia to Midtown Manhattan, New York, Manhattan; it is located south of the state capital Trenton, New Jersey, Trenton, northe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bull (locomotive)
''John Bull'' is a historic British-built Rail transport, railroad steam locomotive that operated in the United States. It was operated for the first time on September 15, 1831, and became the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world when the Smithsonian Institution ran it under its own steam in 1981.Klein and Bell, pp 280–1. Built by Robert Stephenson and Company, it was initially purchased by and operated for the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company, Camden and Amboy Railroad, the first railroad in New Jersey, which gave it the number 1 and its first name, "''Stevens''". (Robert L. Stevens was president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad at the time.) The C&A used it heavily from 1833 until 1866, when it was removed from active service and placed in storage. After the C&A's assets were acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in 1871, the PRR refurbished and operated the locomotive a few times for public displays: it was fired up for the Centennial Expositio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
