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BMW X5 (E53)
The BMW E53 is the first generation BMW X5 Mid-size car, mid-size Luxury car, luxury crossover SUV. The vehicle was the first SUV ever produced by BMW. It was produced between 1999 and 2006 and was replaced by the BMW E70, E70 X5. The E53 X5 was developed just after the acquisition of Land Rover by BMW. As such, the vehicle shares many components and designs with both the Range Rover (L322), Range Rover L322 model (specifically the hill descent system and off-road engine management system) and the BMW E39 5 Series (specifically engines and electronic systems). The entire in-car entertainment system (radio function, navigation system, television and telecommunications systems) are shared with other BMWs and L322. As a result, the earlier X5 models can be upgraded with newer BMW technologies (e.g. Bluetooth phone connectivity). History The history of the X5 begins in 1994, when ideas began on a BMW sports utility vehicle after the acquisition of Land Rover. Eduard Walek was named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mid-size
Mid-size—also known as intermediate—is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars. "Large family car" is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification. Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedan (automobile), sedans, coupes, station wagons, hatchbacks, and convertibles. Compact executive cars can also fall under the mid-size category. History The automobile that defined this size in the United States was the Rambler Six that was introduced in 1956, although it was called a "compact" car at that time. Much smaller than any standard contemporary full-size cars, it was called a compact to distinguish it from the small imported cars that were being introduced into the marketplace. By the early 1960s, the car was renamed the Rambler Classic and while it retained its basic dimensions, it was now competing with an array of ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V8 Engine
A V8 engine is an eight- cylinder piston engine in which two banks of four cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. Origins The first known V8 was the Antoinette, designed by Léon Levavasseur, and built in 1904 by the French Antoinette company for use in speedboat racing, cars, and later, airplanes. Also in 1904, V8 engines began small-scale production by Renault and Buchet for use in race cars. Design V-angle Most engines use a V-angle (the angle between the two banks of cylinders) of 90 degrees. This angle results in good engine balance, which results in low vibrations. However, the downside is the greater width of the engine compared to those that use a smaller V-angle. V8 engines with a 60-degree V-angle were used in the 1996–1999 Ford Taurus SHO, the 2005–2011 Volvo XC90, and the 2006–2009 Volvo S80. The Ford engine used a 60-degree V-angle because it was based on a V6 engine with a 60-degree V-angle. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW X5
The BMW X5 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by BMW. The X5 made its debut in 1999 as the E53 model. It was BMW's first SUV. At launch, it featured all-wheel drive and was available with either a manual or automatic gearbox. The second generation was launched in 2006, and was known internally as the E70. The E70 featured the torque-split capable xDrive all-wheel drive system mated to an automatic gearbox. In 2009, the X5 M performance variant was released as a 2010 model. BMW marketed the X5 officially as a "Sports Activity Vehicle" (SAV), rather than an SUV, to indicate its on-road handling capability despite its large dimensions. The X5 signaled a shift away from the utilisation of body-on-frame construction, in favour of more modern monocoque chassis construction. Although the Mercedes-Benz M-Class was introduced more than a year prior to the X5, the X5 was the first to utilise a monocoque chassis. The M-Class used body-on-frame construction until its second gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front-engine, All-wheel-drive
In automotive design, an F4, or front-engine, four-wheel drive (4WD) layout places the internal combustion engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing, as well as off-road driving. In terms of racing purposes, whether it be on-road or off-road, can be described as follows, A team that pursues the Weak LS4WD architecture will minimize the development cost of the front-wheel drive system at the expense of having a larger rear powertrain. The Weak architecture produces a vehicle with a large powersplit between the front and rear powertrains, while the Strong architecture recommends a vehicle with more similar power and torque requirements for the front and rear. Most four-wheel-drive layouts are front-engined and are derivatives of earlier front-engine, rear-wheel drive, or front-engine, front-wheel drive designs. The first origins of it were intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW X5 (E70)
The BMW E70 is the second-generation BMW X5 mid-size luxury car, luxury crossover SUV. It replaced the BMW X5 (E53) in July 2006. It was manufactured alongside the BMW X6 at BMW's Greer, South Carolina plant in the U.S. and BMW's facility in Toluca, Mexico. Design The E70 BMW X5 was wider, longer; with a longer wheelbase, but remains at the height of the E53 X5 at . Technology The BMW xDrive, xDrive AWD system updates previewed in the facelifted X5 have continued with further detail improvements for the E70. It uses a double wishbone suspension at the front. The manual transmission is entirely dropped, leaving only the automatic transmission. The E70 features many new technological advancements for this class as standard equipment including BMW's iDrive system, electronic 'joystick' gearshift (no mechanical connection to the gearbox to save space in the console), LED taillamps, the first ever all-polypropylene single module fender module, and options such as heads-up display ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 6HP Transmission
6HP is ZF Friedrichshafen AG's trademark name for its 6-speed automatic transmission models (6-speed transmission with Hydraulic converter and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. Released as the 6HP 26 in 2000, it was the first 6-speed automatic transmission in a production passenger car. Other variations of the first generation 6HP in addition to the 6HP 26, were 6HP19, and 6HP 32 having lower and higher torque capacity, respectively. In 2007, the second generation of the 6HP series was introduced, with models 6HP 21 and 6HP 28. A 6HP 34 was planned, but never went into production. It uses a Lepelletier gear mechanism, an epicyclic/planetary gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with significantly fewer components. This means the 6HP 26 is actually lighter than its five-speed 5HP predecessors. The 6HP is the first transmission to use this 6-speed gearset concept. The last 6HP automatic transm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 5HP Transmission
5HP is ZF Friedrichshafen AG's trademark name for its 5-speed automatic transmission models (5-speed transmission with Hydraulic converter and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. Specifications Final Conventionally Designed Gearbox With planetary gearboxes, the number of gears can be increased conventionally by adding additional gearsets as well as brakes and clutches, or conceptually by switching from serial to parallel power flow. The conceptual way requires a computer-aided design. The 5HP is the last transmission family with serial power flow: to provide more gears, components were added. This makes these transmissions larger, heavier and even more expensive to manufacture. As the presence of 10 main components (together with brakes and clutches) in the Ravigneaux gearbox types shows, this meant the end of the conventional gearbox design. The approach of the all new Lepelletier gear mec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GM 5L40-E Transmission
The 5L40-E (and similar 5L50) are a series of automatic transmissions made by General Motors. Designed for longitudinal engine configurations, the series includes 5 forward gears and is used in the GM Sigma platform vehicles from Cadillac, the Pontiac Solstice, BMW, and Holden Commodore. The electronically controlled transmission is designed around a fully articulated Ravigneaux planetary gearset that is controlled by electronically timed application of several range-specific hydraulic clutches, in combination with mechanical one-way sprag clutches. The 5L40E unit's centerpiece is an automatic overdrive which supersedes the French-made 4L30E four-speed automatic light-duty gearboxes, and like them features a torque converter clutch to eliminate slipping losses in select forward ranges. It is assembled in Strasbourg, France. The 5L40/50 series was replaced in 2007 with the 6L50 six-speed. 5L40-E (A5S360R) The 5L40-E was designated in either "M82" (rear-wheel drive) or "MX5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Transmission
An automatic transmission (AT) or automatic gearbox is a multi-speed transmission (mechanics), transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first true automatic transmission. The first mass-produced automatic transmission is the General Motors ''Hydramatic'' two-speed hydraulic automatic, which was introduced in 1939. Automatic transmissions are especially prevalent in vehicular drivetrains, particularly those subject to intense mechanical acceleration and frequent idle/transient operating conditions; commonly commercial/passenger/utility vehicles, such as buses and waste collection vehicles. Prevalence Vehicles with internal combustion engines, unlike electric vehicles, require the engine to operate in a narrow range of rates of rotation, requiring a gearbox, operated manually or automatically, to drive t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF S6-37 Transmission
ZF, Z-F, or Zf may refer to: Groups, organizations, companies * ZF Friedrichshafen (ZF, originally ''Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen''), the 'ZF Group', a German supplier of automobile transmissions * Z+F UK (Zoller & Fröhlich), a laser measurement and scanning equipment supplier * Ziarul Financiar (zf.ro), a Romanian financial newspaper * Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland, an organization established to campaign for a permanent homeland for the Jewish people Mathematics, logic, science, medicine, engineering, technology, metrology * Laminas, a web framework implemented with PHP that was formerly known as Zend Framework * Zero flag (ZF, Z), in computing, in microprocessors * Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, a system of axioms in mathematical set theory * Zinc finger, a protein domain that interacts with zinc ion to bind to DNA * Zona fasciculata, the middle zone of the adrenal cortex * zeptofarad (zF), 10−21F (farads) * zettafarad (ZF), 10+21F (farads) * ZF, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF S5-31 Transmission
The ZF S5-31 transmission is a five-speed manual transmission by ZF Friedrichshafen. The transmission is designed for use in longitudinal engine applications. The transmission is rated for 310 Nm (229 lbf ·ft) of torque. The transmission weighs ~39 kg (86 lb), and holds 1.3 litres of transmission fluid. Using different bell housings, the transmission was fitted to many different BMW engines. Designation by BMW The ZF S5-31 transmission is referred to as "S5D 310Z" by BMW. The transmissions made from September 1995, were made with a reinforced design and are named "S5D 320Z", and is rated for 320 Nm. breakdown of the old BMW transmission designation Applications * 1995–1999 E36 328i * 1992–1999 E36 M3 * 1999-2000 E46 328i * 1999-2000 E46 328ci * 2001–2006 E46 325xi * 2001–2006 E46 330i * 1990–1992 E34 525i ( M50) * 1992–1995 E34 530i ( M60) * 2001–2003 E39 525i ( M54) * 1996–2000 E39 528i ( M52) * 2001–2003 E39 530i ( M54) * 1996–2003 E39 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Transmission
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canadian English, Canada, British English, the United Kingdom and American English, the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle Transmission (mechanical device), transmission system where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles). Early automobiles used ''sliding-mesh'' manual transmissions with up to three forward gear ratios. Since the 1950s, ''constant-mesh'' manual transmissions have become increasingly commonplace, and the number of forward ratios has increased to 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions for current vehicles. The alternative to a manual transmission is an automatic transmission. Common types of automatic transmissions are the Automatic transmission#Hydraulic automatic transmissions, hydraulic automatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
