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Azteca Muelleri
''Azteca muelleri'' is a species of ant in the genus '' Azteca''. Described by the Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1893, the species is native to Central and South America.Emery, C. 1893. Studio monografico sul genere ''Azteca'' Forel. ''Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna'' (5)3:119-152 It lives in colonies in the hollow trunk and branches of ''Cecropia'' trees. The specific name ''muelleri'' was given in honour of a German biologist Fritz Müller, who discovered that the small bodies at the petiole-bases of ''Cecropia'' are food bodies. Distribution and habitat This ant is found in Central America and as far south as southern Brazil and eastern Peru, at altitudes of up to . It occurs in rainforest and semi-deciduous forests where it is an obligate symbiont of ''Cecropia'' trees, often '' Cecropia glaziovii'', '' Cecropia angustifolia'', or ''Cecropia pachystachya ''Cecropia pachystachya'', commonly known as Ambay pumpwood, is a species of tree in the family Urticaceae. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Emery
Carlo Emery (25 October 1848, Naples – 11 May 1925) was an Italian entomologist. He is remembered for Emery's rule, which states that insect social parasites are often closely related to their hosts. Early in his career Carlo Emery pursued a course in general medicine, and in 1872 narrowed his interests to ophthalmology. In 1878 he was appointed Professor of Zoology at the University of Cagliari, remaining there for several years until 1881 when he took up an appointment at the University of Bologna as Professor of Zoology, remaining there for thirty-five years until his death. Emery specialised in Hymenoptera, but his early work was on Coleoptera. Prior to 1869, his earliest works were a textbook of general zoology and papers on fishes and molluscs. From 1869 to 1925 he devoted himself almost entirely to the study of ants. Emery published extensively between 1869 and 1926 describing 130 genera and 1057 species mainly in Wytsman's ''Genera Insectorum'' series. Emery’ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecropia Angustifolia
''Cecropia angustifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Urticaceae The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus '' Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmer .... It is native from Mexico to South America. References angustifolia Least concern plants Plants described in 1847 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Urticaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera Of South America
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the hindwings are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Müllerian Bodies
Müllerian may refer to: *Müllerian mimicry Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimicry, mimic each other's honest signal, honest aposematism, warning signals, to their mutuali ..., a type of mimicry or convergence named after Fritz Müller * Müllerian ducts, which enter the cloaca of an embryo (named after Johannes Peter Müller) * Mullerian anomalies are structural anomalies caused by errors in embryonic müllerian duct development * Mixed Müllerian tumor {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oecologia
''Oecologia'' is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976). The journal publishes original research in a range of topics related to plant and animal ecology. Oecologia has an international focus and presents original papers, methods, reviews and special topics. Papers focus on population ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, community ecology, global change ecology, conservation ecology, behavioral ecology and physiological ecology. Oecologia had an impact factor of 3.298 (2021) and is ranked 37 out of 136 in the subject category "ecology". Editorial Board As of December 2022, the journal has six editors in chief: * Carlos L. Ballaré (plant-microbe/plant-animal interactions), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina * Nina Farwig (terrestrial invertebrate ecology), University of Marburg, Germany * Indrikis Krams (terrestrial vertebrate ecology), Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azteca Alfari
''Azteca alfari'' is a species of ant in the genus '' Azteca''. Described by Carlo Emery in 1893, the species is widespread in Mexico, Central and South America.Emery, C. 1893. Studio monografico sul genere ''Azteca'' Forel. ''Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna'' (5)3:119-152 This ant has a mutualistic relationship with a ''Cecropia'' tree. The specific name ''alfari'' honours a Costa Rican zoologist Anastasio Alfaro. Distribution and habitat ''Azteca alfari'' is native to the tropical and subtropical Neotropics. Its range extends from Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina. It is an obligatory symbiont of evergreen trees in the genus ''Cecropia'', forming colonies in the hollow stems. These trees grow in moist lowland rainforest, riparian forest, Cerrado, forest clearings and secondary forest. Ecology A founding queen of ''Azteca alfari'' establishes a colony in a young ''Cecropia'' sapling, typically ''Cecropia pachystachya'', having chewed her way inside a youn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelomera Ruficornis
''Coelomera ruficornis'' is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in tropical South America where it feeds on ''Cecropia pachystachya'' trees. Ecology ''Coelomera ruficornis'' lives on ''Cecropia pachystachya'', a tree with a mutualistic association with the ant ''Azteca alfari''. The ants live in the hollow branches and shoots, a newly mated queen having entered through the prostoma, an indented groove at a node in the stem. The ants then protect the tree against leaf-cutting ants and other herbivorous insects. The adult female beetle also chews a hole in the prosoma, a task which may take as long as 24 hours, inserts the tip of her abdomen into the hole and lays a batch of about 65 eggs inside the hollow stem. She then covers these with a glutinous secretion and seals the hole. The eggs hatch after 20 days in June and after 12 days in March. The larvae are gregarious, and have three instar stages. They form chains as they move, and make their way to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. Prominent examples include most vascular plants engaged in mutualistic interactions with mycorrhizae, flowering plants being pollinated by animals, vascular plants being dispersed by animals, and corals with zooxanthellae, among many others. Mutualism can be contrasted with interspecific competition, in which each species experiences ''reduced'' fitness, and exploitation, or parasitism, in which one species benefits at the expense of the other. The term ''mutualism'' was introduced by Pierre-Joseph van Beneden in his 1876 book ''Animal Parasites and Messmates'' to mean "mutual aid among species". Mutualism is often conflated with two other types of ecological phenomena: cooperation and symbiosis. Cooperation most commonly refers to increases in fitness through within-species (intraspecific) interactions, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecropia Pachystachya
''Cecropia pachystachya'', commonly known as Ambay pumpwood, is a species of tree in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil where it grows near the edges of moist forests. Description ''Cecropia pachystachya'' is a small evergreen tree growing to a height of about , and a trunk diameter of . The tree has an open structure, with a small number of branches forking at an obtuse angle, and often forms a parasol-like shape. The twigs are hollow and are filled with mucilage, and both twigs and branches exude a mucilaginous sap when damaged. The large leaves are almost circular, and are deeply divided into nine to ten lobes which are separated by gaps of two or three centimetres. The upper surfaces of the leaves are rough and the lower surfaces are felted with pale-coloured hairs. It is a dioecious species, male and female flowers occurring on separate trees. The tree has a mutualistic relationship with ants from the genus '' Azteca'' which protect the tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecropia Glaziovii
''Cecropia'' is a Neotropical genus consisting of 61 recognized species with a highly distinctive lineage of dioecious trees. The genus consists of pioneer trees in the more or less humid parts of the Neotropics, with the majority of the species being myrmecophytic.Berg, Rosselli & Davidson (2005) Berg and Rosselli state that the genus is characterized by some unusual traits: spathes fully enclosing the flower-bearing parts of the inflorescences until anthesis, patches of dense indumentums (trichilia) producing Mullerian (food) at the base of the petiole, and anthers becoming detached at anthesis. ''Cecropia'' is most studied for its ecological role and association with ants. Its classification is controversial; in the past, it has been placed in the Cecropiaceae, Moraceae (the mulberry family), or Urticaceae (the nettle family).Burger (1977) The modern Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system places the "cecropiacean" group in the Urticaceae. The genus is native to the American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azteca (genus)
''Azteca'' is a strictly Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Dolichoderinae. The genus is very diverse and contains around 84 extant species and two fossil species. They are essentially arboreal and many species have mutualistic associations with particular plant species, where the genus ''Cecropia'' presents the most conspicuous association. In the Brazilian Amazonia, ''Azteca'' species are associated with species of '' Codonanthopsis''. Species *'' Azteca adrepens'' Forel, 1911 *'' Azteca aesopus'' Forel, 1908 *''Azteca alfari'' Emery, 1893 *†'' Azteca alpha'' Wilson, 1985 *'' Azteca andreae'' Guerrero, Delabie & Dejean, 2010 *'' Azteca angusticeps'' Emery, 1893 *'' Azteca aragua'' Longino, 1991 *''Azteca aurita'' Emery, 1893 *''Azteca australis'' Wheeler, 1942 *''Azteca barbifex'' Forel, 1906 *'' Azteca beltii'' Emery, 1893 *'' Azteca bequaerti'' Wheeler & Bequaert, 1929 *'' Azteca brevicornis'' (Mayr, 1878) *'' Azteca brevis'' Forel, 1899 *'' Azteca chartifex'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, must be of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens. Biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis."symbiosis." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
