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Ayyub Ibn Salama
Ayyub ibn Salama ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Walid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi () was a notable of Medina in the late Umayyad and early Abbasid period. He belonged to a wealthy family of the locally prominent Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh. He is recorded as a witness or participant of political events in Medina during the reigns of caliphs Sulayman, Hisham and al-Mansur, including as a one-time supporter of the Alid revolt of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya against the Abbasids. Family Ayyub was a member of the household of al-Walid ibn al-Mughira, a rich and prominent family of the Banu Makhzum, a major clan of the Quraysh mainly present in Mecca and Medina. He inherited the wealth of Khalid ibn al-Walid (d. 642), a major commander of the early Muslim conquests of the 630s, when all of the latter's male descendants, who were Ayyub's kinsmen, perished in a plague in Syria during the final years of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) or shortly after the establishment of the Abbas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medina
Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the oldest and most important places in Islamic history. The Holiest sites in Islam, second holiest city in Islam, the population as of 2022 is 1,411,599, making it the List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia, fourth-most populous city in the country. Around 58.5% of the population are Saudi citizens and 41.5% are foreigners. Located at the core of the Medina Province in the western reaches of the country, the city is distributed over , of which constitutes the city's urban area, while the rest is occupied by the Hijaz Mountains, Hejaz Mountains, empty valleys, Agriculture in Saudi Arabia, agricultural spaces and older dormant volcanoes. Medina is generally considered to be the "cradle of Islamic culture and ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maslama Ibn Hisham
Maslama ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (; died ), also known by his ''kunya (Arabic), kunya'' Abu Shakir, was an Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad prince and commander. His capture of the southern caverns of Cappadocia and the fortress of Ancyra in 739 marked the last Umayyad military gains in the Arab–Byzantine wars, wars with Byzantium. Despite the abortive attempts by his father Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik () to install Maslama as his chosen successor in place of al-Walid II, al-Walid ibn Yazid, Maslama became a close companion of al-Walid and defended him from his father's machinations. As a result, he was spared the fate of his brothers who were imprisoned upon al-Walid's accession in 743. Nothing is heard of Maslama afterward and he may have been killed in a massacre of the Umayyad dynasty, Umayyad family by the Abbasid dynasty, Abbasids following their Abbasid Revolution, takeover of the Caliphate in 750. Early life and plans for caliphal succession Maslama was the son of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Malik Ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death in October 705. A member of the first generation of born Muslims, his early life in Medina was occupied with pious pursuits. He held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I (), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, and his own father, Caliph Marwan I (). By the time of Abd al-Malik's accession, Umayyad authority had collapsed across the Caliphate as a result of the Second Fitna and had been reconstituted in Bilad al-Sham, Syria and Egypt in the Middle Ages, Egypt during his father's reign. Following a Battle of Khazir, failed invasion of Iraq in 686, Abd al-Malik focused on securing Syria before making further attempts to conquer the greater part of the Caliphate from his principal rival, the Mecca-based caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. To that end, he concluded an unfavorable truce with the reinvigorated Byz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Ibn Hisham Ibn Isma'il Al-Makhzumi
Ibrahim ibn Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi () was an eighth century official for the Umayyad Caliphate, serving as the governor of Medina, Mecca and Ta'if, al-Ta'if during the caliphate of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He and his brother Muhammad ibn Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi were later tortured to death in 743 in the period leading up to the Third Fitna, Third Islamic Civil War. Career The sons of Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi, Ibrahim and Muhammad were maternal uncles of the caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 724–743), who relied on them to act as his governors of the Hijaz for the majority of his reign. Although the sources frequently confuse the two brothers, Ibrahim appears to have been appointed as governor of Medina, Mecca and al-Ta'if in 724 and to have been dismissed in 732, and was also the caliph's choice to lead the pilgrimages of 724, 726–731 and possibly 732. During his governorship his appointees to lead the Medinese judiciary were Muhammad ibn Safwan al-Jumahi a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhajir Ibn Khalid
Al-Muhajir ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid (, died 657) was an Arab soldier in the army of Caliph Ali () and son of the prominent general Khalid ibn al-Walid. He died in the Battle of Siffin. Life Muhajir was a son of Khalid ibn al-Walid, a member of the Banu Makhzum and a leading general of the early Muslim conquests. Unlike his paternal brother Abd al-Rahman, Muhajir supported Caliph Ali () in the First Fitna and died fighting against the army of Ali's principal enemy, the governor of Syria and future founder of the Umayyad Caliphate Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, at the Battle of Siffin in the summer of 657. After Abd al-Rahman was alleged to have been poisoned to death on Mu'awiya's orders in 666/67, Muhajir's son Khalid from Mecca killed his uncle's alleged poisoner Ibn Uthal in Syria, was arrested and released after paying blood money. Khalid ibn Muhajir was also a poet and sided with Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, a rival claimant to the caliphate, against the Umayyads during the Second Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Khalid
Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid (; 616–666) was the governor of Homs under caliphs Uthman () and Mu'awiya I (). During Mu'awiya's governorship of Syria (639–661), Abd al-Rahman commanded a number of campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and defended the Upper Mesopotamian frontier from the Iraq-based forces of Caliph Ali (). He fought reputably against the latter at the Battle of Siffin in 657 and continued his governorship of Homs and campaigns against the Byzantines after Mu'awiya became caliph in 661. His battlefield reputation and descent from his father, the prominent general Khalid ibn al-Walid, made him particularly popular among the Arabs of Syria. Mu'awiya ultimately perceived him as a potential rival of his own son Yazid, who he was grooming as his successor, which led the caliph to allegedly order Abd al-Rahman's poisoning in 666. Life Abd al-Rahman was born in , the son of the prominent Muslim general and member of the Qurayshi clan of Banu Makhzum, Khali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Walid Ibn Al-Walid
Al-Walid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira () was an early companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Al-Walid belonged to the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca and was a brother of the prominent Muslim commander Khalid ibn al-Walid. He fought with the Quraysh against Muhammad at the Battle of Badr in 624, during which many of his clansmen were slain. He was captured by the Muslims during the battle, but was released and embraced Islam. Upon his return to Mecca, he was shackled and imprisoned. According to the history of al-Tabari (d. 923), al-Walid and his Makhzumite kinsmen Salama ibn Hisham (a brother of Abu Jahl) and Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'a emigrated from Mecca to join Muhammad and his followers in Medina, where he later died of heart failure. He was mourned by Muhammad's Makhzumite wife Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya (, Hind ʾibnat ʾAbī ʾUmayya, 580 or 596 – 680 or 683), better known as Umm Salamah () or Hind al-Makhzūmiyya () was the sixth wife of Muhammad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Walid Ibn Al-Mughira
Al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; 550 – 622 AD) was the chief of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. Family He was the son of al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn Makhzūm. Sons: # Khālid ibn al-Walīd. His mother was Walid's wife, Lubāba as-Sughrá, that is, al-Asmā bint al-Ḥārith ibn al-Ḥazn. However, neither Khalid nor his brothers had as yet converted to Islam at the time of their father's death. #Hishām ibn al-Walīd. # Walīd ibn al-Walīd. # Ammara ibn Walid or ʿUmāra Sources mention an Umar ibn Walid ibn Mughīra, but it is unclear whether he was the son of Walīd. Daughters: # Najiya bint al-Walid ibn al-Mughira who was married to Safwan ibn Umayya # Fāṭima bint al-Walīd who was married to Ḥārith ibn Hishām ibn al-Mughīrah of Banu Makhzum clan. Fatima was the mother of Umm Ḥakīm who was married to ʿIkrima ibn Abi Jahl followed by Khālid ibn Saʿīd. Attitude to Islam When the Quraysh leaders saw that Islamic prophet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mughira Ibn Abd Allah
Al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar () was a preeminent leader of the Quraysh tribe's Banu Makhzum clan in Mecca in the 6th century. His descendants, the Banu al-Mughira, became the principle house of the Makhzum for the remainder of the pre-Islamic period and in the centuries following the advent of Islam in the 620s. Life and legacy Al-Mughira was the son of Abd Allah ibn Umar and a great-grandson of the eponymous progenitor of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. He was likely active as a leader of his clan and tribe in the mid-6th century CE, a period in which Mecca, traditionally a pilgrimage center for the polytheistic Arabs during the pre-Islamic period, was becoming a political center as well. Al-Mughira was a contemporary of Abd al-Muttalib of the Quraysh's Banu Hashim clan and the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Anecdotes recorded by the 8th- and 9th-century historians Mus'ab al-Zubayri and al-Baladhuri mention that al-Mughira provoked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid Dynasty
The Abbasid dynasty or Abbasids () were an Arab dynasty that ruled the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) until their conquest by the Ottoman Empire. Ancestry The Abbasids descended from Abbas, one of Muhammad's companions (as well as his uncle) and one of the early Qur'an scholars. Therefore, their roots trace back to Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf and also Adnan in the following line: Al-‘Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn An-Nadr ibn Kinanah ibn Khuzaima ibn Mudrikah ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umar Ibn Shabba
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Initially, Umar opposed Muhammad, who was his distant Qurayshite kinsman. However, after converting to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. He participated in nearly all of Muhammad’s battles and expeditions, and Muhammad conferred upon him the title ''al-Fārūq'' ("the Distinguisher") for his sound judgement. After Muhammad’s death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first caliph and served as his chief adviser. In 634, shortly before his death, Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor. During Umar’s reign, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His campaigns against the Sasanians r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
