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Ayatollah Al-Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Abdullah Al-Musawi Al-Shirazi (February 25, 1892 – September 29, 1984) was a Grand Ayatollah of Twelver Shi'a Islam. Life Grand Ayatollah Haj Sayyed Abdullah al-Shirazi was born in Shiraz, Iran. At the age of 15 he was sent into exile with his father, Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Tahir al-Shirazi, for resisting the Qajar and British colonial rule in southern Iran. His father was a nationally renowned cleric who was known for his resistance against the British government. In 1914 he was sent to Najaf, Iraq to study advanced Islamic jurisprudence under Shaikh Na'ini. Al-Shirazi was sentenced to 4 years in prison in 1935, during the famous Goharshad Mosque uprising in the city of Mashad against the anti-religious policies of Reza Shah Pahlavi. After his release, he returned to Najaf, and soon became one of the Marja of Taqleed of Shi'a there. The Marja of Taqleed are clerics that have the authority to declare fatwas and decrees into all matters of Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah
Ayatollah (, ; ; ) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished ''marja' at-taqlid'' ''mujtahid'', it suffered from "inflation" following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid".Momen, ''An Introduction to Shi'i Islam'', 1985, p.205-6 By 2015 it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs. The title is not used by the Sunni Islam, Sunni community of Iran. In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah". Etymology The title is originally derived from the Arabic word Grammatical modifier#Premodifiers and postmodifiers, post-modified with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marja'
Marja (; plural ''marājiʿ''; ) is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Sharia, Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank. The highest ranking ''marjiʿ'' is known as the ''marja al-mutlaq'' or ''marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq''. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah. Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja˓ emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (died 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (died 940 or 941) both being called the first marja'. As of 2023, there are approximately List of current maraji, over 50 living maraji, almost all residing in Iran or Iraq. Title Currently, maraji' are accorded the title ''grand ayatollah'' ( ''ʾĀyatullāh al-ʿUẓmā''). Previously, the titles of Allamah (such as Allameh Tabatabaei, Allameh Majlesi, Allameh Hilli) and Imam (such as Imam Khomei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country#Countries, second-largest Muslim population as of 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is List of cities in Pakistan by population, its largest city and financial centre. Pakistan is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 33rd-largest country by area. Bounded by the Arabian Sea on the south, the Gulf of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir Creek on the southeast, it shares land borders with India to the east; Afghanistan to the west; Iran to the southwest; and China to the northeast. It shares a maritime border with Oman in the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan in the northwest by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor. Pakistan is the site of History of Pakistan, several ancient cultures, including the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanon
Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of . Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the subsequent Byzantine Empire. After the seventh century, it Muslim conquest of the Levant, came under the rule of different Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid. The 11th century saw the establishment of Christian Crusader states, which fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, the east and southeast, Jordan to Jordan–Syria border, the south, and Israel and Lebanon to Lebanon–Syria border, the southwest. It is a republic under Syrian transitional government, a transitional government and comprises Governorates of Syria, 14 governorates. Damascus is the capital and largest city. With a population of 25 million across an area of , it is the List of countries and dependencies by population, 57th-most populous and List of countries and dependencies by area, 87th-largest country. The name "Syria" historically referred to a Syria (region), wider region. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization. Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is often described as the style of human understanding, research and practices of the sharia; that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions). Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (''ijtihad'') of the Quran and ''Sunnah'' by Islamic jurists (''ulama'') and is implemented by the rulings (''fatwa'') of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas ''sharia'' is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, ''fiqh'' is considered fallible and changeable. ''Fiqh'' deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam as well as econo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Shirazi (1)
Shirazi (Persian: شیرازی) an adjective meaning from "Shiraz" a city in Iran (Persia), may refer to: People * Demonym for Shiraz, a city in southwestern Iran * Shirazi people, a subgroup of the Swahili people inhabiting the Swahili Coast * Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi (1003–1083), a leading Shafi'i scholar who was the first teacher at the Nizamiyya school in Baghdad * Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236–1311), Persian polymath * Abdullah Musawi Shirazi (1892–1984), Iranian Grand Ayatollah * Ali Sayad Shirazi (1944–1999), Iranian general of the Iran-Iraq War * Hasan al-Shirazi (1935–1980), Iranian-Iraqi Ayatollah, and activist * Kamran Shirazi (born 1952), Iranian International Chess Master * Lutfullah Khan Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Kamrup and Sylhet * Mirza Muhammad-Hassan Shirazi (1815–1895), Iranian-Iraqi grand Ayatollah widely known for his 1891 verdict against the usage of tobacco * Muhammad al-Shirazi (1928–2001), Iranian-Iraqi grand Ayatollah, and author * Muhammad- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yousef Saanei
Yousef Saanei (; 16 October 1937 – 12 September 2020) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja' and politician, a member of the Islamic Republic of Iran's powerful Guardian Council from 1980 to 1983 and also Attorney-General of Iran from 1983 to 1985. Whether he was a Marja' (Grand Ayatollah) was disputed. His calls for radical political reform in Iran were very controversial and in 2010 the government-sponsored " Qom Theological Lecturers Association" (''Jame-e-Modarressin'') declared him no longer qualified for emulation as a Grand Ayatollah. However, many of his followers continued to consider him their Marja, and this was acknowledged by several influential Maraji such as Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, Naser Makarem Shirazi, Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, and Hossein Noori Hamedani. Family, early life, and education Saanei was born in the Persian month of Aban 1318 SH and in the month of Shaban 1458 AH in the semi-desert farming village of Yingabad (now Nikabad), 60& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Vaez-Tabasi
Abbas Vaez Tabasi (; 25 June 1935 – 4 March 2016) was an influential Iranian cleric who held memberships at different institutions. He was Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board from 1979 until his death in 2016. Early life Vaez Tabasi hailed from a family of Mashhadi origin. He was born on 25 June 1935. He began his education when he was only 12 years old in various seminaries. Career Vaez Tabasi was a member of Islamic Republican Party's central council, the Expediency Discernment Council and the Assembly of Experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He was also the head of the Astan Quds Razavi. In 2006, he was elected to the Assembly of Experts to the surprise of some observers. However, he retired after declining to run in 2016 election. In May, 2008, Abbas Palizad made declarations at Shiraz Law University, and a few other institutes, alleging that Tabasi, alongside numerous other politicians, had been implicated in money laundering, illicit trade operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani
Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani (, 6 August 1931 – 21 October 2014) was an Iranian Shia cleric, writer and conservative and principlist politician who was Prime Minister of Iran from 2 September until 29 October 1981. Before that, he was Minister of Interior in the cabinets of Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. He was the leader of Combatant Clergy Association and Chairman of the Assembly of Experts and also founder and president of Imam Sadiq University. Early life Mahdavi Kani was born on 6 August 1931 in the village of Kan, near Tehran. His father was an Ayatollah and taught in the Mofid School. After he finished basic education in Kan, he studied at Borhan High School in Tehran. He left for Qom in 1947 to study at a religious seminary. His teachers included Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Nematollah Salehi Najafabadi, Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Reza Golpayegani, Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Boroujerdi and Allameh Sayyed Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
Ali Akbar Nategh-Nuri (; born 6 October 1944) is an Iranian politician, who served as the 3rd Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran from 1992 to 2000. He was also the Minister of the Interior of Iran from 1981 to 1985. Early life Nuri was the son of Abul Qasim Natiq Nuri. He came to Tehran at the age of 10 with met Ruhollah Khomeini in 1961 and joined the ranks of the opponents of the government of that time. He went to prison several times and was banned from the pulpit. Nuri has a seminary education up to the level of jurisprudence and principles. He also received a bachelor's degree in theology from Tehran University. Among his professors, we can mention Ruhollah Khomeini, Morteza Motahari, Ahmad Mojtahedi Tehrani and Mohammad Taghi Falsafi. Career Nuri was the interior minister of the Islamic Republic. He served as the Chairman of the Parliament from 1992 to 2000. He was a candidate in the 1997 Iranian presidential election. He was Khamanei's preferred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imam Reza
Ali al-Rida (, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the eighth Twelve Imams, imam in Twelver Shi'ism, Twelver Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Musa al-Kazim. He is also part of the chain of mystical authority in Sunni Sufi orders. He was known for his piety and learning, and a number of works are attributed to him, including Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah, ''Sahifah of al-Ridha'', and ''Fiqh al-Rida''. ''Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha'' by Ibn Babawayh is a comprehensive collection that includes his religious debates and sayings, biographical details, and even the miracles which have occurred at his tomb. He is buried in Mashad, Iran, site of Imam Reza shrine, a large shrine. Al-Rida was contemporary with the Abbasid caliphs Harun al-Rashid () and his sons, al-Amin () and al-Ma'mun (). In a sudden departure from the established anti-Shia policy of the Abbasids, possib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
