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Axel Paulsen Jump
The Axel jump or Axel Paulsen jump, named after its inventor, Norwegian figure skater Axel Paulsen, is an edge jump performed in figure skating. It is the sport's oldest and most difficult jump, and the only basic jump in competition with a forward take-off, which makes it the easiest to identify. A double or triple Axel is required in both the short program and the free skating segment for junior and senior single skaters in all events sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU). Compared with other basic figure skating jumps, the Axel requires an extra half revolution, which makes a triple Axel "more a quadruple jump than a triple", according to figure skating expert Hannah Robbins. The triple Axel has become a common technical element in the men's singles discipline. As of March 2025, 27 women have successfully completed the triple Axel in international competition. The quadruple Axel was successfully executed in competition for the first time in 2022 by Ilia Malin ...
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Figure Skating Jumps
Figure skating jumps are an element of three competitive figure skating disciplines: Single skating, men's singles, women's singles, and pair skatingbut not ice dancing. Jumping in figure skating is "relatively recent". They were originally individual compulsory figures, and sometimes special figures; many jumps were named after the skaters who invented them or from the figures from which they were developed. Jumps may be performed individually or in combination with each other. It was not until the early part of the 20th century, well after the establishment of organized skating competitions, when jumps with the potential of being completed with multiple revolutions were invented and when jumps were formally categorized. In the 1920s, Austrian skaters began to perform the first double jumps in practice. Skaters experimented with jumps, and by the end of the period, the modern repertoire of jumps had been developed. Jumps did not have a major role in free skating programs during ...
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Figure Skating At The 1948 Winter Olympics
Figure may refer to: General *A shape, drawing, depiction, or geometric configuration *Figure (wood), wood appearance * Figure (music), distinguished from musical motif * Noise figure, in telecommunication * Dance figure, an elementary dance pattern *A person's figure, human physical appearance * Figure–ground (perception), the distinction between a visually perceived object and its surroundings Arts * Figurine, a miniature statuette representation of a creature * Action figure, a posable jointed solid plastic character figurine * Figure painting, realistic representation, especially of the human form * Figure drawing * Model figure, a scale model of a creature Writing *figure, in writing, a type of floating block (text, table, or graphic separate from the main text) *Figure of speech, also called a rhetorical figure * Christ figure, a type of character * in typesetting, text figures and lining figures Accounting *Figure, a synonym for number * Significant figures in a ...
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Tonya Harding
Tonya Maxene Price (née Harding; born November 12, 1970) is an American former figure skater and boxer, and reality television personality. Born in Portland, Oregon, Harding was raised by her mother, who enrolled her in ice skating lessons when Tonya was 3 years old. Harding spent much of her early life training, eventually dropping out of high school to devote her time to the sport. After climbing the ranks in the U.S. Figure Skating Championships between 1986 and 1989, Harding won the 1989 Skate America competition. She was the 1991 and 1994 U.S. champion, and 1991 World silver medalist. In 1991, she became the first American woman and the second woman in history (after Midori Ito) to successfully land a triple Axel in an international competition. Harding is a two-time Olympian and a two-time Skate America Champion. In January 1994, Harding became embroiled in controversy when her ex-husband, Jeff Gillooly, orchestrated an attack on her fellow U.S. skating rival Nancy ...
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Figure Skating At The 1992 Winter Olympics
The figure skating events at the 1992 Winter Olympic Games were held at the Halle Olympique located next to the Théâtre des Cérémonies, two kilometres southwest of downtown Albertville. The final placements were decided by factored placements. In the men's singles, ladies' singles and the pairs event, the short program (SP) was factored by 0.5, one-third (33.3%) of the total score, while the free skating (FS) was factored by 1.0, two-thirds (66.7%) of the total score. In ice dance, the two compulsory dances (CD) were factored by a total of 0.4 (0.2 each dance), which was 20% of the total score (10% each dance). The original dance (OD) was factored by 0.6 (30% of the total score), while the free dance (FD) was factored by 1.0 (50% of the total score). In the result of factored placements being tied, the free skating was the tie-breaker. At the 1992 Winter Olympics, the short program was called the original program. The 1992 Winter Olympics was also the first time that the ...
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1988 NHK Trophy
The NHK Trophy is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Japan Skating Federation. The first NHK Trophy was held in 1979 in Tokyo. When the ISU launched the Champions Series (later renamed the Grand Prix Series) in 1995, the NHK Trophy was one of the five qualifying events. It has been a Grand Prix event every year since. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final. Daisuke Takahashi of Japan holds the record for winning the most NHK Trophy titles in men's singles (with six), while Midori Ito of Japan holds the record in women's singles (also with six). Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo of China hold the record in pair skating (with four), while Marina Anissina a ...
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Aichi Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,461,111 () and a geographic area of with a population density of . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west, Gifu Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the north, and Shizuoka Prefecture to the east. Nagoya is the capital and largest city of the prefecture. Overview Nagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture, and the Largest cities in Japan by population by decade, fourth-largest city in Japan. Other major cities include Toyota, Aichi, Toyota, Okazaki, Aichi, Okazaki, and Ichinomiya, Aichi, Ichinomiya. Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Chūkyō metropolitan area, the List of metropolitan areas in Japan, third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of the Tōkai region, a subregion of the ...
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Midori Ito
is a retired Japanese figure skater. She is the 1989 World champion and the 1992 Olympic silver medalist. She is the first woman to land a triple Axel in competition. At the 1988 Calgary Olympics, she became the first woman to land seven triple jumps in an Olympic free skating competition. She is widely recognised as one of the best figure skaters of all time. Career Ito started skating at age four at a rink in Nagoya and approached Machiko Yamada, who would become her coach throughout her career, on the same day. She landed her first triple jump at age 8. She went to live with her coach after her parents' divorce when she was 10. Ito made her first appearance at a major international competition at the 1981 World Junior Championships. She placed 20th in the compulsory figures but won the free skating with a triple loop, a triple salchow, and two triple toe loop combinations. She finished 8th in the overall standings. At this event, the 11-year-old Ito was only 3'11" ...
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The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ...
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Brian Orser
Brian Ernest Orser (born 18 December 1961) is a Canadian former competitive and professional figure skater and coach to Olympic champions. He is the 1984 and 1988 Olympic silver medallist, 1987 World champion and eight-time (1981–88) Canadian national champion. At the 1988 Winter Olympics, the rivalry between Orser and American figure skater Brian Boitano, who were the two favorites to win the gold medal, captured media attention and was described as the " Battle of the Brians". Orser turned professional in 1988 and skated with Stars on Ice for almost 20 years. As a coach, he has led both Yuna Kim (2010) and Yuzuru Hanyu (2014, 2018) to Olympic titles. He also coached Javier Fernández to Olympic bronze (2018) and the 2015 and 2016 World titles. He is a Skating Consultant at the Toronto Cricket Skating and Curling Club. Early life Brian Orser was born in Belleville, Ontario. He grew up in Penetanguishene. He is the youngest of five children. Skating career Orser won h ...
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Sarajevo
Sarajevo ( ), ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'' is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area with its surrounding municipalities has a population of 592,714 people. Located within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia (region), Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of the Balkans, a region of Southeastern Europe. Sarajevo is the political, financial, social, and cultural centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a prominent centre of culture in the Balkans. It exerts region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. Due to its long history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo is sometimes called the "Jerusalem of Europe" or "Jerusalem of the Balkans". It is one of a few major Europea ...
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Figure Skating At The 1984 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics took place at the Zetra Olympic Hall in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean won gold in ice dance for Great Britain, receiving twelve perfect scores (6.0), (a maximum nine of them for artistic impression, the others in the technical merit mark) in the free dance segment of the ice dance competition, a feat that was never matched. They received the most maximum 6.0 marks of any figure skaters at the Olympics. Medal table Participating NOCs Twenty-one nations sent figure skaters to compete in the events at Sarajevo. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Results Men Referee: * Donald H. Gilchrist Assistant Referee: * Tjasa Andrée Judges: * Vladimir Amsel * Gerhard Frey * Monique Georgelin * Ida Tateoka * Ingrid Linke * Björn Elwin * Tatiana Danilenko * Oskar Urban * Margaret Berezowski * Tsukasa Kimura (substitute) Ladies Referee: * Sonia Bianchetti Assistant Referee: * Ra ...
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1978 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1978 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada from March 7 to 12. At the event, sanctioned by the International Skating Union, medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Vern Taylor of Canada became the first person to land a triple axel (albeit over rotated), in competition. Medal tables Medalists Medals by country Results Men Referee: * Sonia Bianchetti Assistant Referee: * Benjamin T. Wright Judges: * Gerhard Frey * Oskar Urban * Ludwig Gassner * Ramona McIntyre * Pamela Peat * Walburga Grimm * Kinuko Ueno * Dorothy MacLeod * Monique Georgelin Substitute judge: * Ferenc Kertész Ladies Referee: * Elemér Terták Assistant Referee: * David Dore Judges: * Walter Hüttner * Pamela Davis * Margaret Berezowski * Goro Ishimaru * Ingrid Linke * Markus Germann * Eva von Gamm * Giorgio Siniscalco * E. Newbold Black IV Substitute judge: * Leena Vaini ...
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