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Aversion (other)
Aversion means opposition or repugnance. The following are different forms of aversion: * Ambiguity aversion * Brand aversion * Dissent aversion in the United States of America * Endowment effect, also known as divestiture aversion * Food aversion * Inequity aversion * Loss aversion * Risk aversion * Taste aversion * Work aversion Aversion may also refer to: * Aversion therapy * ''Aversion'' (film) * Dvesha __NOTOC__ Dvesha (Sanskrit: द्वेष, IAST: ''dveṣa''; ; Tibetan: ''zhe sdang'') is a Buddhist and Hindu term that is translated as "hate, aversion".;; Quote: The attainment of freedom from the three poisons of lust (raga), hatred (dvesa) ..., a Buddhist term that translates to aversion See also * Repulsion {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambiguity Aversion
In decision theory and economics, ambiguity aversion (also known as uncertainty aversion) is a preference for known risks over unknown risks. An ambiguity-averse individual would rather choose an alternative where the probability distribution of the outcomes is known over one where the probabilities are unknown. This behavior was first introduced through the Ellsberg paradox (people prefer to bet on the outcome of an urn with 50 red and 50 black balls rather than to bet on one with 100 total balls but for which the number of black or red balls is unknown). There are two categories of imperfectly predictable events between which choices must be made: risky and ambiguous events (also known as Knightian uncertainty). Risky events have a known probability distribution over outcomes while in ambiguous events the probability distribution is not known. The reaction is behavioral and still being formalized. Ambiguity aversion can be used to explain incomplete contracts, volatility in stoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brand Aversion
Brand aversion is an antonym of brand loyalty. It is a distrust or a dislike of products from a particular brand on the basis of experiences with that brand and its products, similar to taste aversion. Brand aversion, also called brand hate, can lead to brand avoidance, but it is not the same. Both with brand aversion and brand avoidance, the feelings towards the brand are negative. Only the difference is that the strength of those negative feelings/relationship towards the brand are weak with brand avoidance and strong with brand aversion. Moreover, experiencing brand aversion is more intense and stronger than experiencing brand dislike. Brand aversion can be the effect of obtrusive marketing strategies, bad press, a mass product recall, or other poor product launches. Also, extrinsic factors like the price of a product, the availability, and a salesperson' recommendations are likely to influence a consumers' brand aversion. Before even interacting with a brand, consumers will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissent Aversion In The United States Of America
Dissent aversion is the judicial phenomenon that implies that judges do not like dissenting opinions in the jurisdictions where they are possible nor do they like to dissent themselves. A common example is as follows: On a panel of three judges, only one feels strongly about the decision. One of the two remaining may side with the first judge, leaving the third judge with the option of dissenting on an issue they do not feel strongly about or siding with the majority.Posner, Richard A ''How Judges Think'' Harvard University Press 2007 pg 32 Judges dislike dissent for many reasons. Dissent aversion can come from these sources: *It frays collegiality (judges have to work together in the future). *It magnifies the majority opinion. *It is additional work. *It detracts from the significance of their own majority opinions. Dissent is more frequent in US federal courts of appeals where the number of judges is higher. According to some research, this is because the larger the court, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endowment Effect
In psychology and behavioral economics, the endowment effect, also known as divestiture aversion, is the finding that people are more likely to retain an object they own than acquire that same object when they do not own it. The endowment theory can be defined as "an application of prospect theory positing that loss aversion associated with ownership explains observed exchange asymmetries." This is typically illustrated in two ways. In a valuation paradigm, people's maximum willingness to pay (WTP) to acquire an object is typically lower than the least amount they are willing to accept (WTA) to give up that same object when they own it—even when there is no cause for attachment, or even if the item was only obtained minutes ago. In an exchange paradigm, people given a good are reluctant to trade it for another good of similar value. For example, participants first given a pen of equal expected value to that of a coffee mug were generally unwilling to trade, whilst participants f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Aversion (other)
Food aversion may refer to: * Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa (AN), often referred to simply as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by Calorie restriction, food restriction, body image disturbance, fear of gaining weight, and an overpowering desire to be thin. Individuals wit ..., an eating disorder in which people avoid eating due to concerns about body weight or body image * Food neophobia, the fear of eating new or unfamiliar foods, commonly observed in children * Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, an eating disorder in which people avoid eating or eat only a very narrow range of foods * Conditioned food aversion, also known as ''poison shyness'', the avoidance of a toxic substance by an animal that has previously ingested that substance {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inequity Aversion
Inequity aversion (IA) is the preference for fairness and resistance to incidental inequalities. The social sciences that study inequity aversion include sociology, economics, psychology, anthropology, and ethology. Researchers on inequity aversion aim to explain behaviors that are not purely driven by self-interests but fairness considerations. In some literature, the terminology inequality aversion was used in the places of inequity aversion. The discourses in social studies argue that "inequality" pertains to the gap between the distribution of resources, while "inequity" pertains to the fundamental and institutional unfairness. Therefore, the choice between using inequity or inequality aversion may depend on the specific context. Human studies Inequity aversion research on humans mostly occurs in the discipline of economics though it is also studied in sociology. Research on inequity aversion began in 1978 when studies suggested that humans are sensitive to inequities in fav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loss Aversion
In cognitive science and behavioral economics, loss aversion refers to a cognitive bias in which the same situation is perceived as worse if it is framed as a loss, rather than a gain. It should not be confused with risk aversion, which describes the rational behavior of valuing an uncertain outcome at less than its expected value. When defined in terms of the pseudo-utility function as in cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the left-hand of the function increases much more steeply than gains, thus being more "painful" than the satisfaction from a comparable gain. Empirically, losses tend to be treated as if they were twice as large as an equivalent gain. Loss aversion was first proposed by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman as an important component of prospect theory. History In 1979, Daniel Kahneman and his associate Amos Tversky originally coined the term "loss aversion" in their initial proposal of prospect theory as an alternative descriptive model of decision makin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk Aversion
In economics and finance, risk aversion is the tendency of people to prefer outcomes with low uncertainty to those outcomes with high uncertainty, even if the average outcome of the latter is equal to or higher in monetary value than the more certain outcome. Risk aversion explains the inclination to agree to a situation with a lower average payoff that is more predictable rather than another situation with a less predictable payoff that is higher on average. For example, a risk-averse investor might choose to put their money into a bank account with a low but guaranteed interest rate, rather than into a stock that may have high expected returns, but also involves a chance of losing value. Example A person is given the choice between two scenarios: one with a guaranteed payoff, and one with a risky payoff with same average value. In the former scenario, the person receives $50. In the uncertain scenario, a coin is flipped to decide whether the person receives $100 or nothing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taste Aversion (other)
Taste aversion is associated with: * Conditioned taste aversion, an acquired aversion to the taste of a food that was paired with aversive stimuli * Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, an eating disorder in which people avoid eating or eat only a very narrow range of foods {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work Aversion
Refusal of work is behavior in which a person refuses regular employment."Refusal of work means quite simply: I don't want to go to work because I prefer to sleep. But this laziness is the source of intelligence, of technology, of progress. Autonomy is the self-regulation of the social body in its independence and in its interaction with the disciplinary norm"What is the Meaning of Autonomy Today?" by Bifo With or without a political or philosophical program, it has been practiced by various subcultures and individuals. It is frequently engaged in by those who critique of work, critique the concept of work, and it has a long history. Radical political positions have openly advocated refusal of work. From within Marxism it has been advocated by Paul Lafargue and the Italian workerist/autonomists (e.g. Antonio Negri, Mario Tronti), the French ultra-left (e.g. Échanges et Mouvement); and within anarchism (especially The Abolition of Work, Bob Black and the post-left anarchy tendency) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aversion Therapy
Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the stimulus with unpleasant sensations with the intention of quelling the targeted (sometimes compulsive) behavior. Aversion therapies can take many forms, for example: placing unpleasant-tasting substances on the fingernails to discourage nail-chewing; pairing the use of an emetic with the experience of alcohol; or pairing behavior with electric shocks of mild to higher intensities. Aversion therapy, when used in a nonconsensual manner, is widely considered to be inhumane. At the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center, aversion therapy is used to perform behavior modification in students as part of the center's applied behavioral analysis program. The center has been condemned by the United Nations for torture. In addictions Various forms of aversion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aversion (film)
''Aversion'' is a 2009 horror film directed by GF Roberts. The film revolves around a private investigator who discovers too late that the woman he is hired to follow is often possessed by a demon. The original script, written by Roberts and Ted Spencer, combines demonic possession with science fiction. The film is somewhat retro in nature because it was shot on photographic film and that over ninety percent of the effects are in camera. ''Aversion'' provides some comic relief throughout. The on-set special effects were provided by Monster in My Closet FX under the supervision of Jeremy Selenfriend. Other crew members included assistant director Sabrina Simone, Jared Noe and D Garcia. Plot This original story marries three different elements into one plot. Alex Stokes (Andrew Roth) is a self-destructive, down-on-his-luck investigator who takes cases wherever he can. When a mysterious man offers him a healthy sum to follow his beautiful wife Claire (Melantha Blackthorne), Alex c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
