|
Austroplatypus Incompertus
''Austroplatypus incompertus'', a type of ambrosia beetle, is endemic to Australia. They are found in mesic forests, and subtropical and tropical ecosystems along the east coast of Australia. There are many unique characteristics attributable to ''A. incompertus'', like their gallery excavation in several ''Eucalyptus'' species, their obligate eusocial behavior, their relationship with fungi, and their unusual sexual dimorphism. These beetles are one of the few insects outside of Hymenoptera and Isoptera that display obligate eusocial behavior. Additionally, their sexually dimorphic traits are of interest, since males are smaller than females, the reverse of the pattern seen in other ambrosia beetles. Taxonomy ''A. incompertus'' has been subject to extensive taxonomic reshuffling, with the species being misidentified by classifying female and male ''A. incompertus'' as different species (given the sexual dimorphism). Also, characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambrosia Beetle
Ambrosia beetles are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi. The beetles excavate tunnels in dead or stressed trees into which they introduce fungal gardens, their sole source of nutrition. After landing on a suitable tree, an ambrosia beetle excavates a tunnel in which it releases its fungal symbiont. The fungus penetrates the plant's xylem tissue, extracts nutrients from it, and concentrates the nutrients on and near the surface of the beetle gallery. Ambrosia fungi are typically poor Wood-decay fungus, wood degraders, and instead utilize less demanding nutrients. Symbiotic fungi produce and detoxify ethanol, which is an attractant for ambrosia beetles and likely prevents growth of Antagonism (phytopathology), antagonistic pathogens and selects for other beneficial symbionts. The majority of ambrosia beetles colonize xylem (sapwood and/or heartwood) of recently dead trees, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucalyptus Baxteri
''Eucalyptus baxteri'', commonly known as brown stringybark, is a medium-sized tree that is endemic to the south-east of mainland Australia. It has rough, stringy bark to the thinnest branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, green to yellow flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit. Description ''Eucalyptus baxteri'' is a tree that grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has grey to brownish, stringy or fibrous bark from the trunk to the thinnest branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped, glossy green leaves long and wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, curved or egg-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The leaves are the same glossy green on both sides. The flowers are borne in groups of between nine and fifteen in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel up to , rarely long. Mature buds are green to yellow, oval to oblong, long and wide with a rounded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergmann's Rule
Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. The rule derives from the relationship between size in linear dimensions meaning that both height and volume will increase in colder environments. Bergmann's rule only describes the overall size of the animals, but does not include body proportions like Allen's rule does. Although originally formulated in relation to species within a genus, it has often been recast in relation to populations within a species. It is also often cast in relation to latitude. It is possible that the rule also applies to some plants, such as '' Rapicactus''. The rule is named after nineteenth century German biologist Carl Bergmann, who described the pattern in 1847, although he was not the first to notice it. Bergmann's rule is most often applied t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phragmosis
Phragmosis is any method by which an animal defends itself in its burrow, by using its own body as a barrier. This term was originally coined by W. M. Wheeler (1927), while describing the defensive technique exhibited by insects. Wheeler observed the positioning of specially modified body structures to block nest entrances, as exhibited in various insect species. The term phragmosis has since been further extended beyond just insects. Examples of phragmosis are found in the order Anura (frogs and toads). Some species, such as ''Pternohyla fodiens'' and ''Corythomantis greeningi'', have evolved a peculiarly casqued head adapted to protect the animal as it backs down a hole. Another example is the head-plug defense used by the aphid ''Astegopteryx'' sp., in which a banana-bunch shaped gall consisting of several subgalls is used as a barrier. Arguably, the most commonly observed phragmotic behaviour is within the ant family. The behaviour is displayed in numerous taxa such as ''Camp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elytron
An elytron (; ; : elytra, ) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard. Description The elytra primarily serve as protective wing-cases for the hindwings underneath, which are used for flying. To fly, a beetle typically opens the elytra and then extends the hindwings, flying while still holding the elytra open, though many beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae can fly with the elytra closed (e.g., most Cetoniinae; ). In a number of groups, the elytra are reduced to various degrees, (e.g., the beetle families Staphylinidae and Ripiphorid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platypodinae
Platypodinae is a weevil subfamily in the family Curculionidae. They are important early decomposers of dead woody plant material in wet tropics; all but two species are ambrosia beetles that cultivate fungi in tunnels excavated in dead wood as the sole food for their larvae. They are sometimes known as pinhole borers. Genera Tribus: Mecopelmini * ''Mecopelmus'' Tribus: Platypodini * ''Austroplatypus – Baiocis – Carchesiopygus – Costaroplatus – Crossotarsus – Cylindropalpus – Dendroplatypus – Dinoplatypus – Doliopygus – Epiplatypus – Euplatypus – Megaplatypus – Mesoplatypus – Myoplatypus – Neotrachyostus – Oxoplatypus – Pereioplatypus – Peroplatypus – Platyphysus – Platypus (beetle), Platypus – Teloplatypus – Trachyostus – Treptoplatypus – Triozastus'' Tribus: Schedlariini * ''Schedlarius'' Tribus: Tesserocerini * ''Diapodina'' - ''Tesserocerina''WikiSpecies See also * Ambrosia beetle References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupa
A pupa (; : pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages thereof being egg, larva, pupa, and imago. The processes of entering and completing the pupal stage are controlled by the insect's hormones, especially juvenile hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone, and ecdysone. The act of becoming a pupa is called pupation, and the act of emerging from the pupal case is called eclosion or emergence. The pupae of different groups of insects have different names such as ''chrysalis'' for the pupae of butterflies and ''tumbler'' for those of the mosquito family. Pupae may further be enclosed in other structures such as cocoons, nests, or shells. Position in life cycle The pupal stage follows the larval stage, or in some cases a prepupal stage, and precedes adulthood ('' imago'') in insects with compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instar
An instar (, from the Latin '' īnstar'' 'form, likeness') is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, which occurs between each moult (''ecdysis'') until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or assume a new form. Differences between instars can often be seen in altered body proportions, colors, patterns, changes in the number of body segments or head width. After shedding their exoskeleton (moulting), the juvenile arthropods continue in their life cycle until they either pupate or moult again. The instar period of growth is fixed; however, in some insects, like the salvinia stem-borer moth, the number of instars depends on early larval nutrition. Some arthropods can continue to moult after sexual maturity, but the stages between these subsequent moults are generally not called instars. For most insect species, an ''instar'' is the developmental stage of the larval forms of holometabolous (complete metamorphism) or ny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escovopsis
''Escovopsis'' is a genus of seven formally acknowledged parasitic microfungus species that rely on other fungi to be their hosts. This genus formally circumscribed with a single identified species in 1990; in 2013 three other species were added. In an early 2015 published study, scientists collected five species of ''Escovopsis'' from both genera of fungus-growing ants, '' Atta'' and '' Acromyrmex'', four of which came from ant colonies in Brazil and the fifth of which came from Trinidad. These ''Escovopsis'' species included '' E. moelleri'', '' E. microspora'', '' E. weberi'', '' E. lentecrescens'', and '' E. aspergilloides''. The research revealed another ''Escovopsis'' species ('' E. trichodermoides'') isolated and derived from the lower attine ant, '' Mycocepurus goeldii''. It was determined to be a species independent of the other five species because of its complex branch system and varying conidiophores, which lack typical swelling. A se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspergillaceae
The Aspergillaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales which are commonly known as the blue and green molds. The family includes the commonly known and observed genera of Aspergillus and Penicillium amongst other lesser known mold genera but also includes larger ascomycete fungi such as Penicilliopsis. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed in 1824 by the German botanist Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (2 February 1767 – 1 January 1851) was a German natural history, naturalist and botanist. Biography Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link (1738–1783), who taught him love .... References {{Authority control Ascomycota families Taxa described in 1826 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpotrichiellaceae
Herpotrichiellaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the order Chaetothyriales and within the class Eurotiomycetes. It contains 16 genera and about 270 species. The type genus of the family, ''Herpotrichiella'', is now synonymous with '' Capronia''. It contains human–pathogenic species. Genera This is a list of the genera in the Herpotrichiellaceae, based on a 2020 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority (those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the number of species: *''Aculeata Aculeata is an infraorder of Hymenoptera containing ants, bees, and stinging wasps. The name is a reference to the defining feature of the group, which is the modification of the ovipositor into a stinger. However, many members of the group cann ...'' – 1 sp. *'' Brycekendrickomyces'' – 1 sp. *'' Capronia'' – ca. 81 spp. *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
