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Association Of West African Merchants
The Association of West African Merchants (AWAM) was a trade association that sold European goods in the Gold Coast. It was originally formed in 1916 for European merchants to discuss problems relating to West African trade. The Gold Coast branch was formed during the late Second World War as suggested by the government to assist in the administration of the war-time economic controls. The acronym AWAM over the years became used to mean the manipulation of terms of trade to disadvantage customers in favour of traders. In the local parlance, it was synonymous with "''Kuluulu''". History Membership of the Association of West African Merchants was made up of the United Africa Company, Union Trading Company), and "Oliphant" (G. B. Olivant). The firms participated in merchandise agreements in Gold Coast. Their participation led to limited competition in the retail sector by determining the minimum prices and commissions. There was agitation from the indigenes against foreign imports ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Coast (British Colony)
The Gold Coast was a British Empire, British Crown colony on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa from 1821 until its independence in 1957 as Ghana. The term Gold Coast is also often used to describe all of the four separate jurisdictions that were under the administration of the Governor of the Gold Coast. These were the Gold Coast itself, Ashanti (Crown Colony), Ashanti, the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, Northern Territories protectorate and the British Togoland, British Togoland trust territory. The first European explorers to arrive at the coast were the Portuguese in 1471. They encountered a variety of African kingdoms, some of which controlled substantial deposits of gold in the soil. In 1483, the Portuguese came to the continent for increased trade. They built the Castle of Elmina, the first European settlement on the Gold Coast. From here they acquired slavery, slaves and gold in trade for European goods, such as metal knives, beads, mirrors, rum, and guns. News ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watson Commission
The Watson Commission was a commission of enquiry appointed by Sir Gerald Hallen Creasy, governor of the Gold Coast (1948–1949) to investigate the disturbances that occurred in the Gold Coast in February and March 1948. The commission was chaired by Aiken Watson. Background On 28 February 1948 the shooting of protesting ex-service men lead to looting and rioting in Accra and other major towns in the Gold Coast. The leadership of the United Gold Coast Convention The United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was an early nationalist movement British colony of the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) that sought independence after the Second World War. It was founded in August 1947 with the aim of self-government "i ... sent a message to the Secretary of State of the Colonies Arthur Creech Jones in London blaming Governor Creasey as the cause of the disturbance. These leaders were arrested and detained; they become known as the Big Six. The disturbance lasted for five days and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1916 In Africa
Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Empire, British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that has been stored and cooled. * January 9 – WWI: Gallipoli Campaign – The last British troops are evacuated from Gallipoli, as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Constantinople. * January 10 – WWI: Erzurum Offensive – Russia defeats the Ottoman Empire. * January 12 – The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, part of the British Empire, is established in modern-day Tuvalu and Kiribati. * January 13 – WWI: Battle of Wadi (1916), Battle of Wadi – Ottoman Empire forces defeat the British, during the Mesopotamian campaign in modern-day Iraq. * January 29 – WWI: Paris is bombed by German Empire, German zeppelins. * January 31 – WWI: An attack is planned on Verdun, France. Febru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Atta Mills
John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician and legal scholar who served as the 11th president of Ghana from 2009 until his death in 2012. He was inaugurated on 7 January 2009, having defeated the governing party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo in the 2008 Ghanaian presidential election. He was previously the third Vice President of Ghana, vice president from 1997 to 2001 under President Jerry Rawlings, and he contested unsuccessfully in the 2000 Ghanaian presidential election, 2000 and 2004 Ghanaian presidential election, 2004 presidential elections as the candidate of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana), National Democratic Congress (NDC). He was the first List of heads of state of Ghana, Ghanaian head of state to die in office. Early life Mills was born on 21 July 1944 in Tarkwa, in the Western Region, Ghana, Western Region of Ghana. His parents were John Atta Mills Sr., an educationist, who taught at the Komenda College of Education, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention People's Party
The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. The CPP was formed in June 1949 after Nkrumah broke away from the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). Origins The Convention People's Party is descended from a line of political movements formed in the early half of the 20th century to spearhead the anti-colonial struggle in the Gold Coast. The movement that preceded it was the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) formed in August 1947 and led predominantly by members of the professional and business classes. To expand its support base and step up the struggle for independence, the leadership of the UGCC decided to appoint a permanent general secretary to lead its expansion and step up the pace of change. Ebenezer Ako Adjei, then a young lawyer, was offered the paid secretaryship of the UGCC but he declined the position and instead proposed Kwame Nkrumah, a political activist then i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwame Nkrumah
Francis Kwame Nkrumah (, 21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He served as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast (British colony), Gold Coast from 1952 until 1957, when it gained independence from United Kingdom, Britain. He was then the first Prime Minister of Ghana, Prime Minister and then the President of Ghana, from 1957 until 1966. An influential advocate of Pan-Africanism, Nkrumah was a founding member of the Organisation of African Unity, Organization of African Unity (OAU) and winner of the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union in 1962. After twelve years abroad pursuing higher education, developing Nkrumaism, his political philosophy, and organizing with other diasporic pan-Africanists, Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast to begin his political career as an advocate of national independence. He formed the Convention People's Party, which achieved rapid success through its unprecedented appeal to the comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Arden-Clarke
Sir Charles Noble Arden-Clarke (25 July 1898 – 16 December 1962) was a British colonial administrator. Biography Arden-Clarke was educated at Rossall School. He was the Resident Commissioner of the Bechuanaland Protectorate (later Botswana) between 1937 and 1942, a time at which the ruling regent Tshekedi Khama was in violent conflict with the British authorities. He was the Resident Commissioner of Basutoland from August 1942 to November 1946, and in 1946 was appointed as the first Governor of the newly created British Crown Colony of Sarawak, which was ceded in 1946 by the Kingdom of Sarawak. During his governorship in Sarawak he was despised by locals as, upon his appointment, Sarawak was engulfed with the Anti-cession Movement, which led to the assassination of his successor, Duncan Stewart in 1949 by the radical members of the Anti-cession movement. On 1 May 1948, he assumed the position of High Commissioner to Brunei. Documents were neither signed nor exchanged b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Henley Coussey
Sir James Henley Coussey (1891 – 6 June 1958) was a jurist in Gold Coast (British colony). He was a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of the Gold Coast, 1944–52, and President of the West African Court of Appeal, 1955–58. He was conferred with a knighthood by King George VI in the 1950 Birthday Honours. Following the Accra riots of 1948, Coussey was commissioned by the United Kingdom to devise a Constitution for the Gold Coast, chairing the Committee on Constitutional Reform. Known as the Coussey Report, the work of the Committee informed the 1951 Constitution, paving the way for the Gold Coast's ultimate independence in 1957. Early life He was the son of Charles Louis Romaine Pierre Coussey (1857–1940), a lawyer and merchant of the United Africa Company (UAC), and Ambah Orbah. Before serving with the United Africa Company (UAC), known then as Messrs. F. & A. Swanzy, Charles Coussey was the officer for the Borneo Company at Axim. His sister, Anne Marie Cousse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coussey Committee
The Coussey Committee was established on 14 March 1949, after the 1948 Accra riots, to draft a constitution towards self-rule for the country Gold Coast. The committee was chaired by Sir Henley Coussey and published their report on 7 November 1949. History The committee made provision for greater African representation in Government as there were increasing demands for a representative government by Gold Coasters. The Watson Commission had earlier recommended an extensive Legislative Assembly with more Ghanaians included on 26 April 1948. All the leaders of the UGCC were members of the committee except Kwame Nkrumah. He was considered a proponent of the British ideology, as his views of "independence now" were at variance with the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). His radical views led to his demotion to a treasurer in August 1948. William Ofori Atta headed a committee convened at Saltpond, later in June 1949, to settle the differences between Kwame Nkrumah and other UGCC m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Gold Coast Convention
The United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was an early nationalist movement British colony of the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) that sought independence after the Second World War. It was founded in August 1947 with the aim of self-government "in the shortest possible time" by educated Africans such as J.B. Danquah, A.G. Grant, R.A. Awoonor-Williams, Edward Akufo Addo (all lawyers except for Grant, who was a wealthy businessman), and others. The leadership of the organization called for the replacement of Chiefs on the Legislative Council with educated persons. The United Gold Coast Convention appointed its leaders to include Kwame Nkrumah, who was the Secretary General. However, upon an allegation for plans against Nkrumah's leadership, he was arrested and jailed. The UGCC leadership broke up and Kwame Nkrumah went on a separate way to set up the Convention People's Party (CPP) for the purpose of self-governance. History In the 1940s, African merchants, such as George Alfred G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Africa
West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations geoscheme for Africa#Western Africa, United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territories, United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R. Masson, Catherine Anne Pattillo, "Monetary union in West Africa (ECOWAS): is it desirable and how could it be achieved?" (Introduction). International Monetary Fund, 2001. The population of West Africa is estimated at around million people as of , and at 381,981,000 as of 2017, of which 189,672,000 were female and 192,309,000 male.United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, custom data acquired via webs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Big Six (Ghana)
The Big Six were six leaders of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), one of the leading political parties in the British colony of the Gold Coast, known after independence as Ghana. They were detained by the colonial authorities in 1948 following disturbances that led to the killing of three World War II veterans. They are pictured on the front of the Ghana cedi notes. The Big Six Considered the founding fathers of present-day Ghana, the members of the Big Six were: * Kwame Nkrumah – first prime minister and first president of Ghana * Ako Adjei – founding member of the UGCC * Edward Akufo-Addo – founding member of the UGCC and subsequently chief justice and president of Ghana * Joseph Boakye Danquah – founding member of the UGCC * Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey – founding member of the UGCC *William Ofori Atta – founding member of the UGCC Background AWAM boycott An organized boycott of European imports took place in January 1948. The aim was to get the foreign t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
