|
Arthrospira Platensis
''Arthrospira'' and ''Limnospira'' are two genera of free-floating filamentous cyanobacteria characterized by cylindrical, multicellular trichomes in an open left-hand helix. A dietary supplement is made from ''L. platensis'' and ''L. maxima'', known as spirulina. The two species species were commonly treated as if they are in the genus ''Spirulina'' since 1932, even though they were originally proposed in ''Arthorospira'' in 1892 and 1917. The distinction was restored in the late 20th century. Although the introduction of the two separate genera ''Arthrospira'' and ''Spirulina'' is now generally accepted, there has been much dispute in the past and the resulting taxonomical confusion is tremendous. To add to the problem, it was shown in 2019 that the type species for ''Arthrospira'', ''A. jenneri'', was very distantly related to the species used in food production. This necessitated the creation of yet another genus, ''Limnospira'', to hold these economically-important spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrospira Jenneri
''Arthrospira'' and ''Limnospira'' are two genera of free-floating filamentous cyanobacteria characterized by Cylinder (geometry), cylindrical, multicellular trichomes in an open left-hand helix. A dietary supplement is made from ''L. platensis'' and ''L. maxima'', known as Spirulina (dietary supplement), spirulina. The two species species were commonly treated as if they are in the genus Spirulina (genus), ''Spirulina'' since 1932, even though they were originally proposed in ''Arthorospira'' in 1892 and 1917. The distinction was restored in the late 20th century. Although the introduction of the two separate genera ''Arthrospira'' and ''Spirulina'' is now generally accepted, there has been much dispute in the past and the resulting taxonomical confusion is tremendous. To add to the problem, it was shown in 2019 that the type species for ''Arthrospira'', ''A. jenneri'', was very distantly related to the species used in food production. This necessitated the creation of yet an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photosynthetic
Photosynthesis ( ) is a Biological system, system of biological processes by which Photoautotrophism, photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. ''Photosynthesis'' usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen, cellulose and starches. To use this stored chemical energy, an organism's cells metabolize the organic compounds through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the atmospheric oxygen, oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth. Some bacteria also perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, which uses bacteriochlorophyll to split hydrogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrospira Indica
''Arthrospira'' and ''Limnospira'' are two genera of free-floating filamentous cyanobacteria characterized by cylindrical, multicellular trichomes in an open left-hand helix. A dietary supplement is made from ''L. platensis'' and ''L. maxima'', known as spirulina. The two species species were commonly treated as if they are in the genus ''Spirulina'' since 1932, even though they were originally proposed in ''Arthorospira'' in 1892 and 1917. The distinction was restored in the late 20th century. Although the introduction of the two separate genera ''Arthrospira'' and ''Spirulina'' is now generally accepted, there has been much dispute in the past and the resulting taxonomical confusion is tremendous. To add to the problem, it was shown in 2019 that the type species for ''Arthrospira'', ''A. jenneri'', was very distantly related to the species used in food production. This necessitated the creation of yet another genus, ''Limnospira'', to hold these economically-important spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'branch') is an approach to Taxonomy (biology), biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived (phylogenetics), derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose Phenotypic trait, character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used Paraphyly, paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planktothrix
''Planktothrix'' is a diverse genus of filamentous cyanobacteria observed to amass in algal blooms in water ecosystems across the globe. Like all Oscillatoriales, ''Planktothrix'' species have no heterocyst, heterocysts and no akinetes. ''Planktothrix'' are unique because they have Trichome#Algal trichomes, trichomes and contain gas vacuoles unlike typical planktonic organisms. Previously, some species of the taxon were grouped within the genus ''Oscillatoria'', but recent work has defined ''Planktothrix'' as its own genus. A tremendous body of work on ''Planktothrix'' ecology and physiology has been done by A.E. Walsby, Anthony E. Walsby, and the 55.6 kb microcystin synthetase gene which gives these organisms the ability to synthesize toxins has been sequenced. ''P. agardhii'' is an example of a Holotype, type species of the genus. ''P. agardhii'' and ''P. rubescens'' are commonly observed in lakes of the Northern Hemisphere where they are known producers of potent hepatotoxins ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16S Ribosomal RNA
16S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome ( SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA genes and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the people who pioneered the use of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977. Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium. Terminology The descriptor ''16S'' refers to the size of these ribosomal subunits as reflected indirectly by the speed at which they sediment when samples are centrifuged. Thus ''16S'' means 16 Svedburg units. Functions * Like the large (23S) ribosomal RNA, it has a structural role, acting as a scaffold defining the positions of the ribosomal proteins. * The 3-end contains the anti- Shine-Dalgarno sequence, which binds upstream ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Supplement
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid. A supplement can provide nutrients either extracted from food sources, or that are synthetic (to increase the quantity of their consumption). The classes of nutrient compounds in supplements include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, and amino acids. Dietary supplements can also contain substances that have not been confirmed as being essential to life, and so are not ''nutrients'' per se, but are marketed as having a beneficial biological effect, such as plant pigments or polyphenols. Animals can also be a source of supplement ingredients, such as collagen from chickens or fish for example. These are also sold individually and in combination, and may be combined with nutrient ingredients. The European Commission has also established harmonized rules to help insure that food supplements are safe and appropriately labeled. Cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic scale, microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye. They are phytoplankton typically found in freshwater and marine life, marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment. They are unicellular organism, unicellular species which exist individually, or in chains or groups. Depending on the species, their sizes can range from a few micrometers (μm) to a few hundred micrometers. Unlike higher plants, microalgae do not have roots, stems, or leaves. They are specially adapted to an environment dominated by viscous forces. Microalgae, capable of performing photosynthesis, are important for life on earth; they produce approximately half of the atmospheric oxygen and use the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to grow photoautotrophically. "Marine photosynthesis is dominated by microalgae, which together with cyanobacteria, are collectively called phytoplankton." Microalgae, together with bacteria, form the base of the food web and provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Gomont
Maurice-Augustin Gomont (born 1839, in Rouen – died 1909, in Rouen) was a French phycologist. Works * Gomont, M (1892). "Monographie des Oscillariées (Nostocacées Homocystées). Deuxième partie. - Lyngbyées". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. 7 (16). Honours * ''Gomontia'', which is a genus of green algae, in the family Gomontiaceae and also Gomontiellaceae, which is a family of cyanobacteria, were both named in 1888 by botanists Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet and Charles Henri Marie Flahault after Maurice Gomont. * ''Gomontiellaceae'' are a family of cyanobacteria, with ''Gomontiella'', a species named in 1901. References Further reading * 1839 births 1909 deaths Scientists from Rouen French phycologists {{France-botanist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
