|
Army Of The Three Guarantees
At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees ( or ) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain. The decree creating this army appeared in the Plan de Iguala, which stated the three guarantees which it was meant to defend were religion, independence and unity. Mexico was to be a Catholic empire, independent from Spain, and united against its enemies. History The Army of the Three Guarantees was created on February 24, 1821, and continued battling Spanish royalist forces, which refused to accept Mexican independence. These battles continued until August 1821, when Iturbide and Spanish Viceroy Juan de O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, virtually ratifying Mexico's independence. The Army was a decisive force during the Battle of Azcapotzalco. The victory in this last battle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican War Of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence (, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from the Spanish Empire. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and regional struggles that occurred within the same period, and can be considered a List of wars of independence, revolutionary civil war. It culminated with the drafting of the Declaration of Independence (Mexico), Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire in Mexico City on September 28, 1821, following the collapse of royal government and the military triumph of forces for independence. Mexican independence from Spain was not an inevitable outcome of the relationship between the Spanish Empire and its most valuable overseas possession, but events in Spain had a direct impact on the outbreak of the armed insurgency in 1810 and the course of warfare through the end of the conflict. Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte's Peninsular War, invasion of Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan De O'Donojú
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. The name is of Hebrew origin and has the meaning "God has been gracious." It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking countries around the world and in the Philippines, and also in the Isle of Man (pronounced differently). The name is becoming popular around the world and can be pronounced differently according that region. In Spanish, the diminutive form (equivalent to ''Johnny'') is , with feminine form (comparable to ''Jane'', ''Joan'', or ''Joanna'') , and feminine diminutive (equivalent to ''Janet'', ''Janey'', ''Joanie'', etc.). Chinese terms * ( or 娟, 隽) 'beautiful, graceful' is a common given name for Chinese women. * () The Chinese character 卷, which in Mandarin is almost homophonic with the characters for the female name, is a division of a traditional Chinese manuscript or book and can be translated as 'fascicle', 'scroll', 'chapter', or 'volume'. Notable people * Juan (fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Three Guarantees
The Flag of the Three Guarantees of the Trigarante Army is considered the first official national flag of Mexico. It was the flag of the royalist and insurgent armed forces that united under the so-called Plan of Iguala, and was the work of the author of the Mexican independence Agustín de Iturbide, made in the city of Iguala by the tailor José Magdaleno Ocampo in the year 1821, in what Iturbide called ''the first year of sovereignty''. Symbolism This flag, which is still preserved, is rectangular and was formed by three stripes of equal thickness that cross it diagonally. Each stripe has one and they are ordered from left to right and bottom to top as follows: white, green and red; with a six-pointed gold star on each diagonal stripe, making a total of three golden stars. The meaning of the colors of the historical national flag are as follows: History This army, being the result of the union of all the Mexican armed forces, needed a flag that would express this heroic f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ejército Trigarante
At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees ( or ) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain. The decree creating this army appeared in the Plan de Iguala, which stated the three guarantees which it was meant to defend were religion, independence and unity. Mexico was to be a Catholic empire, independent from Spain, and united against its enemies. History The Army of the Three Guarantees was created on February 24, 1821, and continued battling Spanish royalist forces, which refused to accept Mexican independence. These battles continued until August 1821, when Iturbide and Spanish Viceroy Juan de O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, virtually ratifying Mexico's independence. The Army was a decisive force during the Battle of Azcapotzalco. The victory in this last battle of the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of Independence Of The Mexican Empire
Declaration may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * Declaration (book), ''Declaration'' (book), a self-published electronic pamphlet by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri * The Declaration (novel), ''The Declaration'' (novel), a 2008 children's novel by Gemma Malley Music * Declaration (The Alarm album), ''Declaration'' (The Alarm album) (1984) * Declaration (Bleeding Through album), ''Declaration'' (Bleeding Through album) (2008) * Declaration (Steven Curtis Chapman album), ''Declaration'' (Steven Curtis Chapman album) (2001) *''Déclaration'', 1973 album by Georges Moustaki * ''The Declaration'', 2008 album by Ashanti *Declaration (Red album), ''Declaration'' (Red album) (2020) Songs *"Declaration (This Is It)", a 2012 gospel song by Kirk Franklin *"Declaration", a song by Killswitch Engage from the album ''The End of Heartache'', 2004 *"Declaration", a song by Trivium from the album ''Ascendancy (album), Ascendancy'', 2005 *"Déclaration", a classical song by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico City
Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and financial centers in the world, and is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Alpha world city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) 2024 ranking. Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau, at an altitude of . The city has 16 Boroughs of Mexico City, boroughs or , which are in turn divided into List of neighborhoods in Mexico City, neighborhoods or . The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the list of largest cities#List, sixth-largest metropolitan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Azcapotzalco
The Battle of Azcapotzalco, (), was fought on August 19, 1821, in the town of Azcapotzalco, near Mexico City. It was to be one of the last military action of the Mexican War of Independence. The insurgents, commanded by the colonels Anastasio Bustamante and Luis Quintanar, fought the Spanish forces commanded by Manuel de la Concha. Prelude By August 1821, The Army of the Three Guarantees, led by Agustin de Iturbide, had control of the majority of towns and important cities of New Spain, leaving only the royalist bastions of Mexico City and the port of Veracruz. Mexico City as capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain was the key point for ending the 11 year Mexican War of Independence. The Army of the Three Guarantees had surrounded the periphery of the city and the royalist forces were forced into Tacuba (today Miguel Hidalgo) and the old Hacienda of Clavería. Battle Before the battle Agustín de Iturbide went to Córdoba to have a meeting with the Political Superior Chief,Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Córdoba
The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guarantees, Agustín de Iturbide, and, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, ''Jefe Político Superior'' Juan O'Donojú. The treaty has 17 articles, which developed the proposals of the Plan of Iguala. The Treaty is the first document in which Spanish (without authorization) and Mexican officials accept the liberty of what will become the First Mexican Empire, but it is not today recognized as the foundational moment, since these ideas are often attributed to the Grito de Dolores (September 16, 1810). The treaty was rejected by the Spanish government, publishing this determination in Madrid on February 13 and 14, 1822. Objectives In the treaty, New Spain is recognized as an independent empire, which is defined as " monarchical, cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish American Wars Of Independence
The Spanish American wars of independence () took place across the Spanish Empire during the early 19th century. The struggles in both hemispheres began shortly after the outbreak of the Peninsular War, forming part of the broader context of the Napoleonic Wars. The conflict unfolded between the royalists, those who favoured a unitary monarchy, and the patriots, those who promoted either autonomous constitutional monarchies or republics, separated from Spain and from each other. These struggles ultimately led to the independence and secession of continental Spanish America from metropolitan rule, which, beyond this conflict, resulted in a process of Balkanization in Hispanic America. Thus, the strict period of military campaigns ranges from the Battle of Chacaltaya (1809) in present-day Bolivia, to the Battle of Tampico (1829) in Mexico. These conflicts were fought both as irregular warfare and conventional warfare. Some historians claim that the wars began as localized civil war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plan De Iguala
The Plan of Iguala, also known as the Plan of the Three Guarantees ("Plan Trigarante") or Act of Independence of North America, was a revolutionary proclamation promulgated on 24 February 1821, in the final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. The Plan stated that Mexico was to become a constitutional monarchy, whose sole official religion would be Roman Catholicism, in which both the ''Peninsulares'' (people born in Spain and residing in Mexico) and the ''Americanos'' (people born in Mexico, that is, the Americas) would enjoy equal political and social rights. It took its name from the city of Iguala in the modern-day state of Guerrero. The two main figures behind the Plan were Agustín de Iturbide (who would become Emperor of Mexico) and Vicente Guerrero, revolutionary rebel leader and later President of Mexico. The Army of the Three Guarantees was formed by the unified forces of Iturbide and Guerrero to defend the ideals of the Plan of Iguala. On 24 August 1821 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embrace Of Acatempan
The embrace of Acatempan (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Abrazo de Acatempan'') refers to an event in History of Mexico, Mexican history in which Agustín de Iturbide, commander-in-chief of the military of southern New Spain, and Vicente Guerrero, leader of the forces fighting for Mexican War of Independence, Mexican Independence, participated. This event took place on February 10, 1821. Tradition has it that this event marked the reconciliation between the viceregal forces and the insurgent army. Background In 1816, the captain general of Cuba, Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, 1st Count of Venadito, Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca was appointed viceroy of New Spain. He immediately amplified a policy that had already been applied by his predecessors, viceroys Francisco Javier Venegas, Venegas and Félix María Calleja del Rey, Calleja, the granting of Pardon, pardons for insurgent leaders who laid down their arms. Some of the most important ones, such as Nicolás Bravo, Manuel de Mier y Terán and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
