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Armoured Stickleback
''Indostomus'' is a genus of small fishes native to slow moving or stagnant freshwater habitats in Indochina. It is the sole genus of the monogeneric family Indostomidae, Long considered to be sticklebacks, within the order Gasterosteiformes, modern analyses place the Indostomids within the order Synbranchiformes, related to the spiny eels and swamp eels. Taxonomy ''Indostomus'' was first proposed as a genus in 1929 by the Indian zoologists Baini Prashad and Dev Dev Mukerji when they described ''Indostomus paradoxus'', giving its type locality as north of the Indawgyi Lake near Nyaungbin in Upper Burma. As the same time they also classified this new genus in the new monotypic family Indostomidae. Indostomidae was classified within the order Gasterostiformes, placed in the suborder Gasterosteoidei. Phylogenetics have, however, shown that Gasterostiformes was paraphyletic with the Gasterosteoidei not being sister to the Syngnathoidei and being more closely related to the Zoarcoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baini Prashad
Baini Prashad Order of the British Empire, OBE Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, FRSE (13 March 1894 – 18 January 1969) was an Indian zoologist who specialized chiefly in malacology and ichthyology. He served as the first Indian director of the Zoological Survey of India, succeeding R. B. Seymour Sewell, R.B.S. Sewell. He was also a scholar of Persian and took an interest in the history of zoology. Prashad was born at Kartarpur, India, Kirtarpur to ''Rai Sahib'' Devi Das, who was an administrative officer in the government in Punjab. His paternal grandfather ''Rai Sahib'' Gopal Das had been a commissioner. Prashad studied in Lahore and graduated from the Government College in Lahore in 1913 followed by a MSc in 1914. He worked on a Ph.D. under John Stephenson (zoologist), J. Stephenson, a specialist on annelids and professor of Zoology and was the first person to receive a non-honorary D.Sc. degree from Punjab University in 1918. His research was on the calciferous gland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Burma
Upper Myanmar ( or , also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar. Located in the country's centre and north stretches, Upper Myanmar encompasses six inland states and regions, including Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions, and Chin, Kachin and Shan States. By contrast, Lower Myanmar encompasses the southern and coastal-facing regions of Myanmar. Upper Myanmar is home to several distinct cultural regions, including the homeland of the Bamar in the low-lying central plains, and those of the Chin, Kachin, and Shan peoples in the highlands. Home to over 23 million people, the region's agricultural sector, natural resources, and shared borders with India, China, and Thailand have made Upper Myanmar a major economic hub. Four of Myanmar's ten largest cities—Mandalay, Taunggyi, Monywa, and Myitkyina—are located in the region. Geography Upper Myanmar is geographically diverse, bounded by the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gourami
Gouramis, or gouramies , are a group of fresh water, freshwater Anabantiformes, anabantiform fish that comprise the family (biology), family Osphronemidae. The fish are native to Asia—from the Indian Subcontinent to Southeast Asia and northeasterly towards Korea. The name "gourami", of Indonesian language, Indonesian origin from Sundanese language, Sundanese word the name "gurame", is also used for fish of the families Helostomatidae and Anabantidae. Many gouramis have an elongated, feeler-like ray at the front of each of their pelvic fins. All living species show parental care until fry are free swimming: some are mouthbrooders, like the Krabi mouth-brooding betta (''Betta simplex''), and others, like the Siamese fighting fish (''Betta splendens''), build bubble nests. Currently, about 133 species are recognised, placed in four subfamilies and about 15 Genus, genera. The name Polyacanthidae has also been used for this family. Some fish now classified as gouramis were previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dario (fish)
''Dario'' is a genus of very small chameleonfishes native to streams and freshwater pools in China (Yunnan), India (northeastern part of the country and Western Ghats) and Myanmar.Britz, R. & Ali, A. (2015): ''Dario huli'', a new species of badid from Karnataka, southern India (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Badidae). ''Zootaxa, 3911 (1): 139–144.''Britz, R. & Kullander, S.O. (2013)''Dario kajal'', a new species of badid fish from Meghalaya, India (Teleostei: Badidae). ''Zootaxa, 3731 (3): 331–337.'' Depending on exact species, they are up to in standard length, and reddish or brownish in colour. Species There are currently 9 recognized species in this genus: * '' Dario dario'' F. Hamilton, 1822 * '' Dario dayingensis'' S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002 * '' Dario huli'' Britz & P. H. A. Ali, 2015 * '' Dario hysginon'' S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002 * '' Dario kajal'' Britz & S. O. Kullander, 2013 *'' Dario melanogrammus'' Britz, S. O. Kullander & Rueber, 2022Britz, R., Kulland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danionin
The danionins are a group of small, minnow-type fish belonging to the family Danionidae. Species of this group are in the genera clades ''Danio'' and ''Devario'' (which also includes ''Chela'', ''Laubuka'', ''Microdevario'', and ''Microrasbora'' genera), based on the latest phylo-genetic research by Fang et al in 2009. They are primarily native to the fresh waters of South and Southeast Asia, with fewer species in Africa. Many species are brightly coloured and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Fishes of the ''danio'' clade tend to have horizontal stripes, rows of spots, or vertical bars, and often have long barbels. Species within the ''devario'' clade tend to have vertical or horizontal bars, and short, rudimentary barbels, if present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers, and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans. Fossil record Two fossil danionins, tentatively assigned to ''Rasbora'' ('''Rasbora''' ''ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackwater River
A blackwater river is a type of River#Classification, river with a slow-moving channel flowing through forested swamps or wetlands. Most major blackwater rivers are in the Amazon Basin and the Southern United States. The term is used in fluvial studies, geology, geography, ecology, and biology. Not all dark rivers are blackwater in that technical sense. Some rivers in temperate regions, which drain or flow through areas of dark black loam, are simply black due to the color of the soil; these rivers are ''black mud rivers''. There are also black mud Estuary, estuaries. Blackwater rivers are lower in nutrients than Whitewater river (river type), whitewater rivers and have Ionic strength, ionic concentrations higher than rainwater. The unique conditions lead to flora and fauna that differ from both whitewater and Clearwater river (river type), clearwater rivers. The classification of Amazonian rivers into black, clear, and whitewater was first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxbow Lake
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or stream pool, pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is meander cutoff, cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether or not it is cut off from the main stream. It takes its name from an oxbow which is part of a harness for oxen to pull a plough or cart. In South Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande are called ''resaca (channel), resacas''. In Australia, oxbow lakes are called billabongs. Geology An oxbow lake forms when a meandering river erodes through the neck of one of its meanders. This takes place because meanders tend to grow and become more curved over time. The river then follows a shorter course that bypasses the meander. The entrances to the abandoned meander eventually silt up, forming an oxbow lake. Oxbow lakes are stillwater lakes, with no current flowing through them, which causes the lake bed to gradually accumulate silt, becoming a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indostomus Crocodilus
''Indostomus'' is a genus of small fishes native to slow moving or stagnant freshwater habitats in Indochina. It is the sole genus of the monogeneric family Indostomidae, Long considered to be sticklebacks, within the order Gasterosteiformes, modern analyses place the Indostomids within the order Synbranchiformes, related to the spiny eels and swamp eels. Taxonomy ''Indostomus'' was first proposed as a genus in 1929 by the Indian zoologists Baini Prashad and Dev Dev Mukerji when they described ''Indostomus paradoxus'', giving its type locality as north of the Indawgyi Lake near Nyaungbin in Upper Burma. As the same time they also classified this new genus in the new monotypic family Indostomidae. Indostomidae was classified within the order Gasterostiformes, placed in the suborder Gasterosteoidei. Phylogenetics have, however, shown that Gasterostiformes was paraphyletic with the Gasterosteoidei not being sister to the Syngnathoidei and being more closely related to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syngnathoidei
The Syngnathiformes are an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the leafy seadragons, sea moths, trumpetfishes and seahorses, among others.FishBase (2005)Order Summary for Syngnathiformes Version of 2005-FEB-15. Retrieved 19 Aug 2008. These fishes have generally elongate, narrow bodies surrounded by a series of bony rings, with small, tubular mouths. The shape of their mouth—at least, in syngnathids—allows for the ingestion of prey at close range via suction. Many species of Syngnathiformes also employ strategic camouflage (such as cryptic coloration and overall physical form) to hunt successfully and gain closer access to prey, as well as to protect themselves from larger predators. Several groups, for example, live among seaweed, not only swimming with their bodies aligned vertically (to blend in with the floating plant matter) but have also developed physical features that mimic the seaweed. The pygmy seahorses are among the smallest of all syngnathids, with most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic grouping (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term received currency during the debates of the 1960s and 1970s accompanying the rise of cladistics, having been coined by zoologist Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles), which is paraphyletic with respect to birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles and all descendants of that ancestor exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
