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Armenian Volunteer Units
The Armenian volunteer units ( ''Hay kamavorakan jokatner'') were units composed of Armenia within the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. Composed of several groups at battalion strength. The Russian-Armenian volunteer units took part in military activities in the Middle Eastern theater of World War I. Background In August 1914, following Germany's declaration of war against Russia, Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov, the Russian Caucasus Viceroyalty (1844-1881), Caucasus Viceroy approached Armenian leaders in the Russian city of Tiflis to broach the idea of a formation of a separate fighting corps inside the Russian Army, made up of the Russian Empire's Armenian subjects. Armenians were already being enrolled in the regular Russian army and sent to the Eastern front, but Vorontsov-Dashkov offered to furnish weapons and supplies to outfit four detachments that were envisioned to take part in fighting against the Ottoman Empire (the Ottomans would not enter the war until O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (; 27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a Russian general and official. He served as served as Minister of Imperial Properties between 1881 and 1897 and as Governor-General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty between 1905 and 1915. Career Illarion Vorontsov was born on 27 May 1837 in Saint Petersburg. He belonged to the noble family Vorontsov. He took part in the conquest of Central Asia in the 1860s and was appointed Major General in 1866. He was in charge of the Life Guard Horse Regiment in 1867–1874. He was on friendly terms with the future Alexander III of Russia and, following Alexander's father's assassination, established a counter-revolutionary squad, or druzhina, called the Holy Brotherhood. Alexander III put Vorontsov-Dashkov in charge of the imperial court and made him Full General of Cavalry. He also was made responsible for imperial stud farms and vineyards. Following Nicholas II's coronation, he was dislodged from the office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Campaign (World War I)
The Persian campaign or invasion of Iran () was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire, British Empire and Russian Empire in various areas of what was then neutral Qajar Iran, beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, as part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. The fighting also involved local Persian units, who fought against the Entente and Ottoman forces in Iran. The conflict proved to be a devastating experience for Persia. Over 2 million Persian civilians died in the conflict, mostly due to the Armenian genocide by the Ottoman regime and Persian famine of 1917–1919, influenced by British and Russian actions. The Qajar Iran, Qajar government's inability to maintain the country's sovereignty during and immediately after the First World War led to a 1921 Persian coup d'état, coup d'état in 1921 and Reza Shah's establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty. Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arshak Gafavian
Arshak Gavafian, better known by his ''nom de guerre'' Keri (1858 – 15 May 1916), was an Armenian fedayee military commander and member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.Antranig Chalabian, General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement - Page 583 Biography Arshak Gavafian was born in Erzurum. He graduated from the local Armenian school. Gavafian had soon taken part in Armenian resistance activity. In 1895, during the Hamidian massacres in Erzurum, Gavafian led an armed group to protect Armenian people in the region and soon became their spiritual leader.K. S. Khudaverdyan, Armenian issue: Encyclopedia, 1991 - 348st; Gavafian moved to Sasun in 1903 and took part in the 1904 Sasun uprising. After moving to Vaspurakan, he was one of the organizers of the Armenian self-defense of Zangezur (in particular, Angeghakot) during the Armenian–Tatar massacres. In the following years he took part in the Persian Constitutional Revolution from 1908 to 1912 and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nom De Guerre
A ''nom de guerre'' (, 'war name') is a pseudonym chosen by someone to use when they are involved in a particular activity, especially fighting in a war. In Ancien régime, ''ancien régime'' Kingdom of France, France it would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to them by the captain of their company) as they enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of Dog tag, identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their ''noms de guerre'' (e. g. ''Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité''). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e. g. ''Jean Deslandes dit Champigny'', for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny-sous-Varennes, Champigny), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e. g. ''Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire'', for a soldier ''prêt à boire'', ready to drink). In 1716, a ''nom de guerre'' was mandatory for every soldier; officers did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armen Garo
Garegin or Karekin Pastermadjian (), better known by his ''nom de guerre'' Armen Garo or Armen Karo (Արմէն Գարօ; 9 February 1872 – 23 March 1923) was an Armenian activist and politician. Armen Karo was a leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation for more than two decades. He was one of the masterminds of the 1896 occupation of the Ottoman Bank in response to the Hamidian massacres, and of Operation Nemesis, in which several perpetrators of the Armenian genocide were assassinated. Between 1918 and 1920 he served as the first ambassador to the United States from the First Republic of Armenia. Biography Early life Karekin Pastermadjian was born in Erzurum. He finished his elementary education as one of the first graduates of the Sanasarian College of Erzurum. in 1891. Later in 1894, he continued his studies in France to study agriculture at the École Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires, Agricultural School of Nancy-Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (; 27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a Russian general and official. He served as served as Minister of Imperial Properties between 1881 and 1897 and as Governor-General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty between 1905 and 1915. Career Illarion Vorontsov was born on 27 May 1837 in Saint Petersburg. He belonged to the noble family Vorontsov. He took part in the conquest of Central Asia in the 1860s and was appointed Major General in 1866. He was in charge of the Life Guard Horse Regiment in 1867–1874. He was on friendly terms with the future Alexander III of Russia and, following Alexander's father's assassination, established a counter-revolutionary squad, or druzhina, called the Holy Brotherhood. Alexander III put Vorontsov-Dashkov in charge of the imperial court and made him Full General of Cavalry. He also was made responsible for imperial stud farms and vineyards. Following Nicholas II's coronation, he was dislodged from the offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staff Of Armenian Volunteers 1914
Staff may refer to: Pole * Walking staff, an instrument used for balance when walking * Staff, a weapon used in stick-fighting ** Quarterstaff, a European pole weapon * Staff of office, a pole that indicates a position * Staff (railway signalling), a token authorizing a locomotive driver to use a particular stretch of single track * Level staff, also called levelling rod, a graduated rod for comparing heights * Fire staff, a staff of wood or metal and Kevlar, used for fire dancing and performance * Flagstaff, on which a flag is flown * Scout staff, a shoulder-high pole traditionally carried by Boy Scouts, for various uses in emergencies * Pilgrim's staff, a walking stick used by pilgrims during their pilgrimages Military * Staff (military), the organ of military command and planning * , a United States Navy minesweeper * Smart Target-Activated Fire and Forget (XM943 STAFF), an American-made experimental 120×570mm NATO tank gun shell People * Staff (name), a list of people with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Irregular Units
''Fedayi'' ( Eastern ; , , , ), also known as the Armenian irregular units, Armenian militia, or Armenian Hayduks were Armenian civilians who voluntarily left their families to form self-defense units and irregular armed-bands in reaction to the mass murder of Armenians and the pillage of Armenian villages by criminals, Turkish and Kurdish gangs, Ottoman forces, and Hamidian guards during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II in late-19th and early-20th centuries, known as the Hamidian massacres. Their ultimate goal was always to gain Armenian autonomy (for Armenakans) or independence (for Dashnaks and for Hunchaks) – depending on their ideology and the degree of oppression visited on Armenians. Some of the key fedayi figures also participated in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution that commenced during the same period, upon agreement of the ARF leaders. The Armenian term ''fedayi'' ultimately derives from the Arabic word ''fedayeen'': ''fidā'īyūn'', l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
Paris () is the capital and largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the arts and sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or about 19% of the population of France. The Paris Region had a nominal GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion when adjusted for PPP) in 2021, the highest in the European Union. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boghos Nubar
Boghos Nubar (), also known as Boghos Nubar Pasha (; 2 August 1851 – 25 June 1930), was the son of Nubar Pasha, a three time governor of Egypt. A chairman of the Armenian National Delegation, and the founder, alongside ten other Armenian national movement leaders, of the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) on April 15, 1906, becoming its first ever president, a position he held from 1906 to 1928. In 1912, he was appointed by Catholicos Gevorg V to head the Armenian National Delegation. Early life Nubar was born in Istanbul (capital of the Ottoman Empire) in 1851. His father was Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Pasha. He was educated in Egypt and France as a civil engineer. Worked on water works of Egypt and irrigation projects in Sudan. Career Nubar fought for the Armenian cause.By Joan George "Merchants in Exile: The Armenians of Manchester, England, 1835-1935" page 184 As early as the beginning of 1912 the Catholicos of Mother See of Echmiazin Gevork V had sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Caucasus Army (World War I)
Caucasus Army (also Caucasian Army) or Russian Caucasus Army (also Russian Caucasian Army) can refer to several military formations: Imperial Russian military formations *Russian Caucasus Forces (before 1865), a variety of formations with various names including (in 1857–1865) Caucasus Army *Caucasus Military District, the successor organization to this army * Russian Caucasus Army (World War I), the Russian army on the Caucasus front in World War I (July 1914 - April 1917) Russian Republic military formation * Caucasus Front (Russian Republic), the successor organization to the Imperial Russian Caucasus Army White Russian (anti-Bolshevik) military formation * Caucasus Volunteer Army, the name used for the White army in southern Russia during the Russian Civil War * Caucasus Army of VSUR, the name used for a separate White army, which operated between May 1919 and January 1920 Soviet military formations * 11th Army (RSFSR) (1918–1921), formed October 3 1918 from the Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
