|
Argelers Concentration Camp
The Argelers concentration camp was an internment camp established in early February 1939 on the territory of the French commune of Argelès-sur-Mer for Spanish Republican refugees. Called La Retirada (the withdrawal) many of the refugees were members of the Spanish Republican Army ''(Ejército Popular Republicano)'' in the Northeast of Spain in the last months of the Spanish Civil War. Description The camp was located near the Mediterranean coast at the foot of the northern side of the Albera Massif in Roussillon, 8 km north of the French-Spanish border. The camp at Argelers received more than 100,000 Spanish men and women, of both civilian and military backgrounds. The latter were the remainder of the Eastern Region Army Group ''(GERO)'' that crossed the border following the Fall of Barcelona and the ''Retirada'' – the desperate withdrawal of long civilian and military columns towards the French border at the end of the Francoist Catalonia Offensive. All refugees were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
22NUM27FI81 Le Ravitaillement Du Camp De Concentration
Num may refer to: * Short for number * Num (god), the creator and high god of the Nenets people of Siberia * Short for the Book of Numbers of the Hebrew Bible * Khnum, a god of Egyptian mythology * Mios Num, an island of western New Guinea * Num, Nepal * num, the code for the Niuafo'ou language of Tonga NUM may refer to: * National Union of Manufacturers, a former employers' association in the United Kingdom * National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain) * National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa) * National University of Mongolia * New Ulster Movement in Northern Ireland * National Ugly Mugs, a charity operating a reporting system for sex workers, formerly known as the UK Network of Sex Work Projects * Nurse Unit Manager * n-um.com (N-UM), popular website about different islam topics, in Bosnian language * NUM, the National Rail station code for Northumberland Park railway station, London, England See also * * * Nummi (other) * Number (other) * Numb (di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Modesto
Juan Guilloto León, usually referred to as Modesto or Juan Modesto (24 September 1906 – 16 April 1969), was a Republican army officer during the Spanish Civil War. Biography Early life Born at El Puerto de Santa María in Cádiz, Juan Guilloto worked at a sawmill before joining the Spanish Army. He served in Morocco, becoming a corporal of the Regulares colonial troops based in Larache. Juan Guilloto was affiliated with the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) from 1930, and in 1933 he was placed in charge of the '' Milicias Antifascistas Obreras y Campesinas'' (''MAOC'') in Madrid, which constituted a paramilitary force for the Party. He organized the ''Sindicato de Oficios Varios y el Socorro Rojo'', which coordinated relations with the Socorro Rojo Internacional. Spanish Civil War When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, Juan Guilloto participated in the assault of Cuartel de la Montaña, and the Battle of Guadarrama fought in the Guadarrama Mountain Range. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri
Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri (; January 9, 1920 – September 3, 1942) was a Spanish military officer and Soviet commander of the 100th Machine Gun Company of an independent training battalion of the 35th guards rifle division of the 62nd army of the Stalingrad Front. He was posthumously awarded the rank of captain of the Guards unit, and also 2 times the Order of the Red Banner (July 22, 1941, and October 22, 1942). By the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (August 23, 1956) and awarded the Order of Lenin (August 23, 1956). He was a Lieutenant of the International Brigade during the Spanish Civil War. The asteroid 2423 Ibarruri (discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva) was named in his honour at 1972. He died in the Battle of Stalingrad. Biography Early life Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri was born on January 9, 1920, in the village of Somorrostro in the family of one of the founders of the Communist party of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abel Paz
Abel Paz (August 12, 1921 – April 13, 2009) was a Spanish anarchist and historian who fought in the Spanish Civil War. He wrote multiple volumes on anarchist history, including a biography of Buenaventura Durruti, an influential anarchist during the war. He kept the anarchist tradition throughout his life, including a decade in Francoist Spain's jails and multiple decades in exile in France. Background Abel Paz was born Diego Camacho Escámez on August 12, 1921, in Almería, southeastern Andalusia, Spain. When he was six years old, he moved in with his Barcelonan uncle, who was a member of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist labor union. Before his teens, Paz had joined the libertarian Francisco Ferrer, Ferrerist school Escuela Natura in Barcelona's El Clot working class district. He moved back briefly to Almería, where his mother was, too, a CNT member and subscribed to the Libertarian Youth in 1935. Career Spanish Civil War B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toulouse
Toulouse (, ; ; ) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the Garonne, River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and from Paris. It is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, fourth-largest city in France after Paris, Marseille and Lyon, with 511,684 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries (2022); its Functional area (France), metropolitan area has a population of 1,513,396 inhabitants (2022). Toulouse is the central city of one of the 22 Métropole, metropolitan councils of France. Between the 2014 and 2020 censuses, its metropolitan area was the third fastest growing among metropolitan areas larger than 500,000 inhabitants in France. Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, the SPOT (satellites), SPOT satellite system, ATR ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance ( ) was a collection of groups that fought the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Nazi occupation and the Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy#France, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy regime in France during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who conducted guerrilla warfare and published Underground press, underground newspapers. They also provided first-hand intelligence information, and escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind Axis powers, Axis lines. The Resistance's men and women came from many parts of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church in France, Roman Catholics (including clergy), Protestantism in France, Protestants, History of the Jews in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Brigades
The International Brigades () were soldiers recruited and organized by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. The International Brigades existed for two years, from 1936 until 1938. It is estimated that during the entire war, there were some 32,000 Brigaders. Beyond the Spanish Civil War, "International Brigades" is also sometimes used interchangeably with the term List of foreign volunteers, foreign legion in reference to military units comprising foreigners who volunteer to fight in the military of another state, often in times of war. The headquarters of the brigade was located at the Gran Hotel, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha. They participated in the battles of Battle of Madrid, Madrid, Battle of Jarama, Jarama, Battle of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Battle of Brunete, Brunete, Battle of Belchite (1937), Belchite, Battle of Teruel, Teruel, Aragon Offensive, Aragon and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gurs Internment Camp
Gurs internment camp (, ) was an internment camp and prisoner of war camp constructed in 1939 in Gurs, a site in southwestern France, not far from Pau. The camp was originally set up by the French government after the fall of Catalonia at the end of the Spanish Civil War to control those who fled Spain out of fear of retaliation from Francisco Franco's regime. At the start of World War II, the French government interned 4,000 German Jews as "enemy aliens", along with French socialist political leaders and those who opposed the war with Germany. After the Vichy government signed an armistice with the Nazis in 1940, it became an internment camp for mainly German Jews, as well as people considered dangerous by the government. After France's liberation, Gurs housed German prisoners of war and French collaborators. Before its final closure in 1946, the camp held former Spanish Republican fighters who participated in the Resistance against the German occupation, because thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concentration Camps In France
Numerous internment camps and concentration camps were located in France before, during and after World War II. Beside the camps created during World War I to intern German, Austrian and Ottoman civilian prisoners, the Third Republic (1871–1940) opened various internment camps for the Spanish refugees fleeing the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Following the prohibition of the French Communist Party (PCF) by the government of Édouard Daladier, they were used to detain communist political prisoners. The Third Republic also interned German anti-Nazis (mostly members of the Communist Party of Germany, KPD). Then, after the 10 July 1940 vote of full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain and the proclamation of the '' État français'' (Vichy regime), these camps were used to intern Jews, Gypsies, and various political prisoners (anti-fascists from all countries). Vichy opened up so many camps that it became a full economic sector, to the extent that historian Maurice Rajsfus wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebro Army
The Ebro Army (Spanish: ''Ejército del Ebro'') was a Spanish Republican army during the Spanish Civil War. History The army was formed in April 1938 as the Autonomous Group of the Ebro (Spanish : ''Agrupación Autónoma del Ebro''), but was renamed Ebro Army on 23 May 1938. It was established on the basis of the V Army Corps, was reinforced with the newly created XV Army Corps and became an elite unit of the Republican troops. The army fought in the Battle of the Ebro. Fortified in mountainous terrain, it withstood seven offensives by Nationalist troops. Ultimately, it was forced to withdraw towards France. Between 5 and 10 February 1939, soldiers of the Ebro Army crossed the Spanish-French border and were interned in camps in France. Order of Battle ;25 July 1938 Leaders ;Commander * Militia Colonel Juan Modesto Juan Guilloto León, usually referred to as Modesto or Juan Modesto (24 September 1906 – 16 April 1969), was a Republican army officer during the Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V Army Corps (Spain)
V, or v, is the twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''vee'' (pronounced ), plural ''vees''. Name * (); in dialects that lack contrast between and , the letter is called , "low B/V". * * * * or *Japanese: is called a variety of names originating in English, most commonly or , but less nativized variants, violating to an extent the phonotactics of Japanese, of ー , or , and are also used. The phoneme in Japanese is used properly only in loanwords, where the preference for either or depends on many factors; in general, words that are perceived to be in common use tend toward . * * * is recommended, but is traditional. If is referred to as the latter, it would have the same pronunciation as the letter in Spanish (i.e. after pause or nasal sound, otherwise ); thus further terms are needed to distinguish from . In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
