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Area Health Authority
Area health authorities (AHAs) were 90 National Health Service (NHS) administrative organisations set up in England and Wales in 1974 by the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973. Separate legislation was passed for Scotland. In England, they were responsible to an upper tier of regional health authorities (RHAs). In 1982, the AHAs were abolished and replaced by 192 smaller district health authorities but the RHAs remained. Both the district and regional health authorities were then themselves abolished in 1996 as a result of the Health Authorities Act 1995. History In July 1968, the Minister of Health, Kenneth Robinson, published a green paper, ''Administrative structure of the medical and related services in England and Wales''. It proposed creating about 50 single-tier area boards taking responsibility for all health functions in each local government area. It triggered years of debate about the relationship between the NHS, local authorities, and health and soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Health Service
The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland) which was created separately and is often referred to locally as "the NHS". The original three systems were established in 1948 (NHS Wales/GIG Cymru was founded in 1969) as part of major social reforms following the Second World War. The founding principles were that services should be comprehensive, universal and free at the point of delivery. Each service provides a comprehensive range of health services, provided without charge for residents of the United Kingdom apart from dental treatment and optical care. In England, NHS patients have to pay prescription charges; some, such as those aged over 60, or those on certain state benefits, are exempt. Taken together, the four services in 2015–16 employed around 1.6 million people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Health Service Act 1946
The National Health Service Act 1946 ( 9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 81) came into effect on 5 July 1948 and created the National Health Service in England and Wales thus being the first implementation of the Beveridge model. Though the title 'National Health Service' implies a single health service for the United Kingdom, in reality one NHS was created for England and Wales accountable to the Secretary of State for Health, with a separate NHS created for Scotland accountable to the Secretary of State for Scotland by the passage of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 ( 10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 27). Similar health services in Northern Ireland were created by the Northern Ireland Parliament through the Health Services Act (Northern Ireland) 1948 (c. 3 (N.I.)). The whole act was replaced by the National Health Service Act 1977 (c. 49), which itself is now superseded by the National Health Service Act 2006 and the Health and Social Care Act 2012. Provisions According to section 1( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional Health Authority (UK)
Regional health authorities (RHAs) were National Health Service (NHS) organisations set up in 1974 by the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973 to replace regional hospital boards and to manage a lower tier of area health authorities (AHAs) in England. AHAs were created for Wales but not RHAs. Separate legislation was passed for Scotland. In 1996, the regional health authorities were abolished and replaced by eight regional offices of the NHS Executive as a result of the Health Authorities Act 1995. History In July 1968, the Minister of Health, Kenneth Robinson, published a green paper, ''Administrative structure of the medical and related services in England and Wales''. It proposed creating about 50 single-tier area boards taking responsibility for all health functions in each local government area. It triggered years of debate about the relationship between the NHS, local authorities, and health and social care. In September 1968, the separate ministries of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NHS Executive
The National Health Service The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern ... Executive (NHS Executive) was part of the British Department of Health established in 1996. It advised Ministers on the development of NHS policy and was responsible for the effective management of the NHS. The Executive ceased to exist on 1 April 2002 when 4 Regional Directorates of Health and Social Care were established and the central functions were reabsorbed into the Department of Health. The Regional Directorates were abolished in 2003. The functions of the NHS Executive were provided through the Headquarters (mainly in Leeds and London) and eight regional offices which replaced the former regional health authorities. The Information Management Group (IMG) was part of the NHS Executive made up joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Services Act 1980
The Health Services Act 1980 (c. 53) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reorganised the administration of the National Health Service in England and Wales. The Act abolished all area health authorities (AHAs) in 1982 and replaced them with 192 district health authorities (DHAs). It also repealed the provisions that had been introduced in the National Health Service Act 1977 which sought to remove paid private treatment from NHS hospitals. Background A Royal Commission on the National Health Service was established in 1975 and published its report in July 1979. It heard complaints that the AHAs created under the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973 added an extra and unnecessary tier of management. Although the 1973 Act had established a two-tier system of AHAs and RHAs, there was, in effect, a third lower administrative tier as the work of hospital management was done at district general hospital level. The 'Patients First' consultation documen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
District Health Authority
District health authorities (DHAs) were National Health Service The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern ... (NHS) administrative organisations set up in England and Wales in 1982 by the Health Services Act 1980. They replaced area health authorities (AHAs) and were responsible to an upper tier of regional health authorities (RHAs). Both the district and regional health authorities were abolished in 1996 as a result of the Health Authorities Act 1995. History A Royal Commission on the National Health Service was established in 1975 and published its report in July 1979. It heard complaints that the AHAs created under the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973 added an extra and unnecessary tier of management. Although the 1973 Act had established a two-tier s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Commission On The National Health Service
The Royal Commission on the National Health Service was a Royal commission set up by the Wilson government in 1975. It was to consider the "best use and management of the financial and manpower resources of the NHS". The Royal Commission reported in June 1979, by which time the government had changed. It recommended, among other things, that the administration of the Health Service should be simplified by eliminating, in most cases, a tier of management, a recommendation which appealed to Patrick Jenkin the new Secretary of State for Social Services. Area Health Authorities were abolished in 1982 and replaced by district health authorities under the Health Services Act 1980. The idea that responsibility for the delivery of health services should be transferred from the Department of Health and Social Security to the Regional Health Authorities was less welcome. The members of the Royal Commission were: *Sir Alec Merrison (Chair); *Ivor Ralph Campbell Batchelor CBE, Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 1974 United Kingdom General Election
The February 1974 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 28 February 1974. The Labour Party (UK), Labour Party, led by former Prime Minister Harold Wilson, gained 14 seats (301 total) but was seventeen short of an overall majority. The Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Edward Heath, lost 28 seats (though it polled a higher share of the vote than Labour). That resulted in a hung parliament, the first since 1929 United Kingdom general election, 1929. Heath sought a coalition with the Liberal Party (UK), Liberals, but the two parties failed to come to an agreement and so Wilson became prime minister for a second time, his first with a minority government. Wilson called another early election in September, October 1974 United Kingdom general election, which was held in October and resulted in a Labour majority. The February election was also the first general election to be held with the United Kingdom as a member state of the European C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a medical degree, a doctor specialising in ophthalmology must pursue additional postgraduate residency training specific to that field. In the United States, following graduation from medical school, one must complete a four-year residency in ophthalmology to become an ophthalmologist. Following residency, additional specialty training (or fellowship) may be sought in a particular aspect of eye pathology. Ophthalmologists prescribe medications to treat ailments, such as eye diseases, implement laser therapy, and perform surgery when needed. Ophthalmologists provide both primary and specialty eye care—medical and surgical. Most ophthalmologists participate in academic research on eye diseases at some point in their training and many inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Practitioner Committee
Family practitioner committees were established by the National Health Service Re-organisation Act 1973. They replaced local executive councils, which had been established in 1948 to manage primary care. Executive councils were direct descendants of the insurance committees established by section 59 of the National Insurance Act 1911 but with additional responsibility for NHS dentistry and NHS optician services. Their role was essentially neutral and routine. They played little part in developing the services they administered. There were 138 executive councils in England and Wales and 25 in Scotland. The role of the council was to maintain GPs’ lists of patients and to receive practitioners’ claims for payment. It was headed by an administrator with managerial control only over the staff, not the practitioners. Each family practitioner committee had thirty members, eleven of which were appointed by the area health authority with which it was coterminous. Eight were appo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Foundation
The Health Foundation is an independent charity and think tank for health care for people in the UK. The organisation's aim is a healthier population, supported by high quality health care that can be equitably accessed. Its programs include making grants to those working at the front line, carrying out research and policy analysis. History As the second largest endowed foundation in the UK focusing on health, they spend around £30 million a year on improving health and health care. The Health Foundation was founded in 1983 as the PPP Medical Trust with a donation of £350,000 a year from Private Patients Plan Limited. In 1998, the organisation, then named the PPP Healthcare Medical Trust, became fully independent with an endowment of approximately £540 million resulting from the sale of the PPP Healthcare group to Guardian Royal Exchange. In 2003 the organisation was renamed the Health Foundation to signal its completely independent status as a grant-making charity. The H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
