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Arabic Keyboard
The Arabic keyboard () is the Arabic keyboard layout used for the Arabic alphabet#Keyboards, Arabic alphabet. All computer Arabic keyboards contain both Arabic alphabet, Arabic letters and Latin script, Latin letters, the latter being necessary for Uniform Resource Locator, URLs and e-mail addresses. Since Arabic is right-to-left script, written from right to left, when one types with an Arabic keyboard, the letters will start appearing from the right side of the screen. Layouts Machine a ecrire arabe.png, An Lettera 32, Olivetti Lettera 32 typewriter with Arabic keyboard Arabic_keyboard.jpg, An Apple Inc., Apple computer Arabic keyboard Arabic typewriter The Arabic layout typewriter was first patented by Selim Shibli Haddad, a Syrian artist and inventor. A British patent was filed three months later, on 1 December 1899, by Philippe Waked, the first person to type a document in Arabic. Both patents expired in 1919, prompting mass production in both Egypt and abroad.Zeina Dowi ...
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Keyboard Layout
A keyboard layout is any specific physical, visual, or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer keyboard, mobile phone, or other computer-controlled typographic keyboard. Standard keyboard layouts vary depending on their intended writing system, language, and use case, and some hobbyists and manufacturers create non-standard layouts to match their individual preferences, or for extended functionality. is the actual positioning of keys on a keyboard. is the arrangement of the legends (labels, markings, engravings) that appear on those keys. is the arrangement of the key-meaning association or keyboard mapping, determined in software, of all the keys of a keyboard; it is this (rather than the legends) that determines the actual response to a key press. Modern computer keyboards are designed to send a scancode to the operating system (OS) when a key is pressed or released. This code reports only the key's row and column ...
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KB Arabic Sakhr
KB, kB or kb may stand for: Businesses and organizations Banks * KB Kookmin Bank, South Korea * Kaupthing Bank, Iceland * Komerční banka, Czech Republic * Kasikornbank, Thailand * Karafarin Bank, Iran Libraries * National Library of Sweden () * National Library of the Netherlands () Sport * Kalix BF, a Swedish bandy club * Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, a sports club, Copenhagen, Denmark Other businesses and organizations * KB Home, a US house builder * KB Lager, Australia * KB Toys, US * K&B, a New Orleans, Louisiana, US drugstore * Druk Air (IATA code: ''KB''), Bhutan airline Entertainment * Kick Buttowski, an American animated series and titular character People * Kevin Bartlett (Australian rules footballer) (born 1947) * KB (rapper) (born 1988), Kevin Elijah Burgess * KB Killa Beats (born 1983), Zambian record producer * Kobe Bryant (1978–2020), American basketball player * Kyle Busch (born 1985), American stock car driver Science and technology Biology * Kilo- ...
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Arabic-language Computing
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. During the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture and learning, especially ...
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Intellark
Intellark is an Arabic keyboard layout for intuitive typing in Arabic. It was designed and patented by the Canadian Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''C ... company Intellaren. It is specifically designed for keyboard typists who type using QWERTY-based keyboard layouts. Intellark mechanics Unlike linear one-to-one keyboard layouts that typically map a single character to each key, Intellark is a one-to-many keyboard layout that maps one or more characters ( Arabic letters and diacritics) to each key on a typical keyboard, where the second and beyond-second characters are produced as a function of key pressed and key timing. If the time difference between presses of the key is within tolerance (e.g., 300 milliseconds or less), the current character is replaced by another ...
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Ubuntu
Ubuntu ( ) is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed primarily of free and open-source software. Developed by the British company Canonical (company), Canonical and a community of contributors under a Meritocracy, meritocratic governance model, Ubuntu is released in multiple official editions: ''Desktop computer, Desktop'', ''Server (computing), Server'', and ''Core'' for Internet of things, IoT and robotic devices. Ubuntu is published on a six-month release cycle, with long-term support (LTS) versions issued every two years. Canonical provides security updates and support until each release reaches its designated end-of-life (product), end-of-life (EOL), with optional extended support available through the Ubuntu Pro and Expanded Security Maintenance (ESM) services. , the latest stable release is Ubuntu version history#Ubuntu 25.04 (Plucky Puffin), 25.04 ("Plucky Puffin"), and the current LTS release is Ubuntu version history#Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat), 24.04 ( ...
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KB Arabic MAC
KB, kB or kb may stand for: Businesses and organizations Banks * KB Kookmin Bank, South Korea * Kaupthing Bank, Iceland * Komerční banka, Czech Republic * Kasikornbank, Thailand * Karafarin Bank, Iran Libraries * National Library of Sweden () * National Library of the Netherlands () Sport * Kalix BF, a Swedish bandy club * Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, a sports club, Copenhagen, Denmark Other businesses and organizations * KB Home, a US house builder * KB Lager, Australia * KB Toys, US * K&B, a New Orleans, Louisiana, US drugstore * Druk Air (IATA code: ''KB''), Bhutan airline Entertainment * Kick Buttowski, an American animated series and titular character People * Kevin Bartlett (Australian rules footballer) (born 1947) * KB (rapper) (born 1988), Kevin Elijah Burgess * KB Killa Beats (born 1983), Zambian record producer * Kobe Bryant (1978–2020), American basketball player * Kyle Busch (born 1985), American stock car driver Science and technology Biology * Kilo- ...
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Macintosh
Mac is a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to the McIntosh (apple), McIntosh apple. The current product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro desktops. Macs are currently sold with Apple's UNIX-based macOS operating system, which is Proprietary software, not licensed to other manufacturers and exclusively Pre-installed software, bundled with Mac computers. This operating system replaced Apple's original Macintosh operating system, which has variously been named System, Mac OS, and Classic Mac OS. Jef Raskin conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1981. The original Macintosh 128K, Macintosh was launched in January 1984, after Apple's 1984 (advertisement), "1984" advertisement during Super Bowl XVIII. A series of increment ...
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KB Arabic
KB, kB or kb may stand for: Businesses and organizations Banks * KB Kookmin Bank, South Korea * Kaupthing Bank, Iceland * Komerční banka, Czech Republic * Kasikornbank, Thailand * Karafarin Bank, Iran Libraries * National Library of Sweden () * National Library of the Netherlands () Sport * Kalix BF, a Swedish bandy club * Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, a sports club, Copenhagen, Denmark Other businesses and organizations * KB Home, a US house builder * KB Lager, Australia * KB Toys, US * K&B, a New Orleans, Louisiana, US drugstore * Druk Air (IATA code: ''KB''), Bhutan airline Entertainment * Kick Buttowski, an American animated series and titular character People * Kevin Bartlett (Australian rules footballer) (born 1947) * KB (rapper) (born 1988), Kevin Elijah Burgess * KB Killa Beats (born 1983), Zambian record producer * Kobe Bryant (1978–2020), American basketball player * Kyle Busch (born 1985), American stock car driver Science and technology Biol ...
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IBM PC
The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150, commonly known as the IBM PC) is the first microcomputer released in the List of IBM Personal Computer models, IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible ''de facto'' standard. Released on August 12, 1981, it was created by a team of engineers and designers at IBM, International Business Machines (IBM), directed by William C. Lowe and Philip Don Estridge in Boca Raton, Florida. Powered by an x86-architecture Intel 8088 processor, the machine was based on open architecture and third-party peripherals. Over time, expansion cards and software technology increased to support it. The PC had influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market, a substantial influence on the personal computer market; the specifications of the IBM PC became one of the most popular computer design standards in the world. The only significant competition it faced from a non-compatible platform throughout the 1980s was from Apple Inc., Apple's Maci ...
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Sakhr Computers
MSX is a standardized home computer architecture, announced by ASCII Corporation on June 16, 1983. It was initially conceived by Microsoft as a product for the Eastern sector, and jointly marketed by Kazuhiko Nishi, the director at ASCII Corporation. Microsoft and Nishi conceived the project as an attempt to create unified standards among various home computing system manufacturers of the period, in the same fashion as the VHS standard for home video tape machines. The first MSX computer sold to the public was a Mitsubishi ML-8000, released on October 21, 1983, thus marking its official release date. MSX systems were popular in Japan and several other countries. There are differing accounts of MSX sales. One source claims 9 million MSX units were sold worldwide, including in Japan alone, whereas ASCII Corporation founder Kazuhiko Nishi claims that 3 million were sold in Japan, and 1 million overseas. Despite Microsoft's involvement, few MSX-based machines were released in the ...
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Arabic Alphabet
The Arabic alphabet, or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicase, unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual letterforms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case. The Arabic alphabet is an abjad, with only consonants required to be written (though the long vowels – ''ā ī ū'' – are also written, with letters used for consonants); due to its optional use of diacritics to notate vowels, it is considered an impure abjad. Letters The basic Arabic alphabet contains 28 letter (alphabet), letters. Forms using the Arabic script to write other languages added and removed letters: for example ⟨پ⟩ is often used to represent in adaptations of the Arabic script. Unlike Archaic Greek alphabets, Greek-derived alphabets, Arabic has no distinct letter case, upper and lower case letterforms. Many le ...
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