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Arab Slave Trade
The Arab slave trade refers to various periods in which a slave trade has been carried out under the auspices of Arab peoples or Arab countries. The Arab slave trades are often associated or connected to the history of slavery in the Muslim world. The trans-Saharan slave trade relied on networks of both Arabs, Berber, and African merchants. Examples Examples of Arabic slave trades are : * Trans-Saharan slave trade (between the mid-7th century and the early 20th century) ** Libyan slave trade (started in the 7th century, ongoing) * Indian Ocean slave trade (between antiquity and the early 20th-century) ** Comoros slave trade (from an unknown time until the mid 19th-century) ** Zanzibar slave trade (from an unknown time until the early 20th-century) * Red Sea slave trade (between the antiquity and the mid-20th-century) See also * Saqaliba * Prague slave trade * Khazar slave trade * Volga Bulgarian slave trade * Black Sea slave trade * Bukhara slave trade * Khivan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khazar Slave Trade
The Khazar slave trade took place in the Khazar Khaganate in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The Khazar Khaganate was a buffer state between Europe and the Muslim world and played a major part in the trade between Europe and the Middle East between the 8th and 10th centuries, and slaves were one of the main goods. The Khazar slave trade was one of the major routes of the human trafficking of saqaliba slaves from Europe to the Muslim world, between the 8th-century until the 10th century, when it was replaced by the Volga Bulgarian slave trade. History The Khazar Khaganate had initially been an enemy of the Umayyad Caliphate. In the late 8th century however, the Khazar Khaganate made peace with the Abbasid Caliphate, and between the state served a key role as the intermediary in trade between Europe and the Muslim world, in which the slave trade played a major part. Slave trade The Khazar Khaganate played a key role for the viking trade route in the 8th and 9th-centuries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Slave Trade
Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were once commonplace in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the rest of the ancient and medieval world. When the trans-Saharan slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade, and Atlantic slave trade (which started in the 16th century) began, many of the pre-existing local African slave systems began supplying captives for slave markets outside Africa. Slavery in contemporary Africa still exists in some regions despite being illegal. In the relevant literature African slavery is categorized into indigenous slavery and export slavery, depending on whether or not slaves were traded beyond the continent. Slavery in historical Africa was practised in many different forms: Debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, slavery for prostitution, and enslavement of criminals were all practised in various parts of Africa. Slavery for domestic and court purposes was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Slavery In The Muslim World
The history of slavery in the Muslim world was throughout the history of Islam with slaves serving in various social and economic roles, from powerful emirs to harshly treated manual laborers. Slaves were widely forced to labour in irrigation, mining, and animal husbandry, but most commonly as soldiers, guards, domestic workers, and concubines. The use of slaves for hard physical labor early on in Muslim history led to several destructive slave revolts, the most notable being the Zanj Rebellion of 869–883. Many rulers also used slaves in the military and administration to such an extent that slaves could seize power, as did the Mamluks. Most slaves were imported from outside the Muslim world. Slavery in Islamic law does have a religious and not racial foundation in principle, although this was not always the case in practise. The Arab slave trade was most active in West Asia, North Africa (Trans-Saharan slave trade), and Southeast Africa ( Red Sea slave trade and India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khivan Slave Trade
The Khanate of Khiva was a major center of slave trade in Central Asia from the 17th century until the Khivan campaign of 1873, Russian conquest in 1873. The slave market in Khiva mainly trafficked slaves from Russia and Persia to the Islamic khanates in Central Asia, but also to India and the Middle East. Khiva was one of the main slave markets in Central Asia. In Bukhara, Samarkand, Karakul, Karshi, and Charju, mainly Persians, Russians, and some Kalmyks, Kalmyk slaves, were traded by Turkmens, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyz. From the 17th to 19th centuries, Khiva was a notorious slave market for captured Persian and Russian slaves. Slave trade The slave trade in Khiva and Bukhara slave trade, Bukhara was described by the English traveler Anthony Jenkinson in the 16th century, at a time when they were major global slave trade centers and the "slave capitals of the world". About 100,000 slaves were sold in the slave market of Khiva and Bukhara every year, most of them either Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukhara Slave Trade
The Bukhara slave trade refers to the historical History of slavery, slave trade conducted in the city of Bukhara in Central Asia (present-day Uzbekistan) from antiquity until the 19th century. Bukhara and nearby Khiva were known as the major centers of slave trade in Central Asia for centuries until the completion of the Russian conquest of Central Asia in the late 19th century. The city of Bukhara was an important trade center along the ancient Silk Road, through which slaves were traded between Europe and Asia. In the Middle Ages, Bukhara came to lie in the religious border zone between the Muslim and non-Muslim world, which was seen as a legitimate target of slavery by Muslims, and referred to as the "Eastern Dome of Islam". It became the center of the massive slave trade of the Samanid Empire, who bought saqaliba (European) slaves from the Kievan Rus' and sold them on to the Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate, Middle East, and as such constituted one of the main trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea Slave Trade
The Black Sea slave trade trafficked people across the Black Sea from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus to slavery in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. The Black Sea slave trade was a center of the slave trade between Europe and the rest of the world from antiquity until the 19th century. One of the major and most significant slave trades of the Black Sea region was the trade of the Crimean Khanate, known as the Crimean slave trade. The Black Sea is situated in a region historically dominated by the margins of empires, conquests and major trade routes between Europe, the Mediterranean and Central Asia, notably the Ancient Silk Road, Silk road, which made the Black Sea ideal for a slave trade of war captives sold along the trade routes. In the Early Middle Ages, the Byzantine Empire imported slaves from the Vikings, who transported European captives via the route from the Varangians to the Greeks to the Byzantine ports at the Black Sea. In the late Middle Ages, trading colonie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Bulgarian Slave Trade
The Volga Bulgarian slave trade took place in the Volga Bulgar Emirate in Central Asia (in modern Eastern Russia). Volga Bulgaria was a buffer state between Europe and the Islamic world and played a major part in the trade between Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages from the 10th century onward, and slaves were one of the main goods. The Volga Bulgarian slave trade was one of the major routes of the human trafficking of saqaliba slaves from Europe to the Muslim world from the early 10th century when it replaced the Khazar slave trade. The Viking slave trade in Volga Bulgaria was the subject of a famous description by Ibn Fadlan in the 920s. History Background In the 9th century, the slave trade of European slaves to the Muslim world were trafficked via the Khazar Khaganate. The flourishing Khazar slave trade was however affected by a crisis in circa 900, and by the early 10th century, the Vikings instead sold their captives to Volga Bulgaria, who exported them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague Slave Trade
The Prague slave trade refers to the slave trade conducted between the Duchy of Bohemia and the Caliphate of Córdoba in Moorish al-Andalus in roughly the 9th–11th century in the Early Middle Ages. The Duchy's capital of Prague was the center of this slave trade, and internationally known as one of the biggest centers of slave trade in Europe at the time. The Prague slave trade is known as one of the main routes of saqaliba-slaves to the Muslim world, alongside the Balkan slave trade by the Venetian slave trade, Republic of Venice in the south, and the Volga trade route, Volga route of the Vikings Volga Bulgarian slave trade, via Volga Bulgaria and the Bukhara slave trade, Samanid slave trade in the east. The Duchy of Bohemia was a new state in Christian Europe at this time, bordering to lands of pagan Slavs to the north and east. Pagans were considered as legitimate targets of enslavement both by Christian and Islamic law. Bohemia was thereby able to traffic pagan captiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Slavery In The Muslim World
The history of slavery in the Muslim world was throughout the history of Islam with slaves serving in various social and economic roles, from powerful emirs to harshly treated manual laborers. Slaves were widely forced to labour in irrigation, mining, and animal husbandry, but most commonly as soldiers, guards, domestic workers, and concubines. The use of slaves for hard physical labor early on in Muslim history led to several destructive slave revolts, the most notable being the Zanj Rebellion of 869–883. Many rulers also used slaves in the military and administration to such an extent that slaves could seize power, as did the Mamluks. Most slaves were imported from outside the Muslim world. Slavery in Islamic law does have a religious and not racial foundation in principle, although this was not always the case in practise. The Arab slave trade was most active in West Asia, North Africa (Trans-Saharan slave trade), and Southeast Africa ( Red Sea slave trade and India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqaliba
Saqaliba (, singular ) is a term used in medieval Arabic sources to refer to Slavs, and other peoples of Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe. The term originates from the Middle Greek '' slavos/sklavenos'' (Slav), which in Hispano-Arabic came to designate Slavic slaves. The word was often used to refer specifically to Slavic slaves, but it could also refer more broadly to various other ethnicities of Eastern Europe traded by the Arab traders, as well as all European slaves in some Muslim regions like Spain and Portugal including those abducted from raids on Christian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal.Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery saqaliba&f=false The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: A-K; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Sea Slave Trade
The Red Sea slave trade, sometimes known as the Islamic slave trade, Arab slave trade, or Oriental slave trade, was a slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking Africans from Sub-Saharan Africa in the African continent to slavery in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East from antiquity until the mid-20th century. The Red Sea slave trade is known as one of the longest enduring slave trades in the world, as it is known to have existed from Ancient times until the 1960s, when slavery in Saudi Arabia and Yemen were finally abolished. When other slave trade routes were stopped, the Red Sea slave trade became internationally known as a slave trade center during the interwar period. After World War II, growing international pressure eventually resulted in its final official stop in the mid 20th-century. The Red Sea, the Sahara, and the Indian Ocean were the three main routes by which East African slaves were transported to the Muslim world. Overview history The slave trade f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
