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Apterostigma Eowilsoni
''Apterostigma eowilsoni'' is an extinct species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae known from a single possibly Miocene fossil found on Hispaniola. ''A. eowilsoni'' is one of only two species of the ant genus '' Apterostigma'' and one of five attini species of to have been described from fossils found in Dominican amber. History and classification ''Apterostigma eowilsoni'' is known from a solitary fossil insect which is an inclusion in a transparent chunk of Dominican amber. The amber was produced by the extinct '' Hymenaea protera'', which formerly grew on Hispaniola, across northern South America and up to southern Mexico. The specimens were collected from an undetermined amber mine in fossil bearing rocks of the Cordillera Septentrional mountains, northern Dominican Republic. The amber dates from at least the Burdigalian stage of the Miocene, based on studying the associated fossil foraminifera and may be as old as the Middle Eocene, based on the associated fossil c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and recover. As a species' potential Range (biology), range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxon, Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the Fossil, fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. Over five billion species are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryotes globally, possibly many times more if microorganisms are included. Notable extinct animal species include Dinosaur, non-avian dinosaurs, Machairodontinae, saber-toothed cats, and mammoths. Through evolution, species arise through the process of specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeus (arthropod Anatomy)
The clypeus is one of the sclerites that make up the face of an arthropod. In insects, the clypeus delimits the lower margin of the face, with the labrum articulated along the ventral margin of the clypeus. The mandibles bracket the labrum, but do not touch the clypeus. The dorsal margin of the clypeus is below the antennal sockets. The clypeus is often well-defined by sulci ("grooves") along its lateral and dorsal margins, and is most commonly rectangular or trapezoidal in overall shape. The post-clypeus is a large nose-like structure that lies between the eyes and makes up much of the front of the head in cicadas. In spider Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and ran ...s, the clypeus is generally the area between the anterior edge of the carapace and the anterior eyes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ommatidium
The compound eyes of arthropods like insects, crustaceans and millipedes are composed of units called ommatidia (: ommatidium). An ommatidium contains a cluster of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells. The outer part of the ommatidium is overlaid with a transparent cornea. Each ommatidium is innervated by one axon bundle (usually consisting of 6–9 axons, depending on the number of rhabdomeres) and provides the brain with one picture element. The brain forms an image from these independent picture elements. The number of ommatidia in the eye depends upon the type of arthropod and range from as low as five as in the Antarctic isopod '' Glyptonotus antarcticus'', or a handful in the primitive Zygentoma, to around 30,000 in larger Anisoptera dragonflies and some Sphingidae moths. Description Ommatidia are typically hexagonal in cross-section and approximately ten times longer than wide. The diameter is largest at the surface, tapering toward the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occiput
The occipital bone () is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone lies over the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. At the base of the skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a flat bone. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in terms of separate parts. From its front to the back is the basilar part, also called the basioccipital, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the lateral parts, also called the exoccipitals, and the back is named as the squamous part. The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the pharynx. The squamous part is the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum and is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Setae
In biology, setae (; seta ; ) are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms. Animal setae Protostomes Depending partly on their form and function, protostome setae may be called macrotrichia, chaetae, scales, or informally, hairs. The setal membrane is not cuticularized, so movement is possible. Annelid setae are stiff bristles present on the body. They allow earthworms and their relatives to attach to the surface and prevent backsliding during peristaltic motion. These hairs make it difficult to pull a worm straight from the ground. Setae in oligochaetes (the group including earthworms) are largely composed of chitin. They are classified according to the limb to which they are attached; for instance, notosetae are attached to notopodia; neurosetae to neuropodia. The setae on polychaete worms are referred to as chaeta due to their differing morphology. Crustaceans have mechano- and chemosensory setae. Setae are especially pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Auriculatum CASENT0613604 02
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. History The genus ''Apterostigma'' was described by Gustav Mayr (1865), from winged male and female specimens collected in southern Brazil. It is a New World ant belonging to the Attina Subtribe (fungivorous ants), since they maintain the Ant-Fungus mutualism, where various species belonging to this subfamily use fungi from the Lepiotaceae family. The fungus decomposes the litter (vegetable material collected by the ants, used as a substrate), however, this is not the case of the genus ''Apterostigma'', since it has been found that it cultivates a pterulaceous fungus of the Tricholomataceae family, which is given as a substrate. woody matter an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Electropilosum
''Apterostigma electropilosum'' is an extinct species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae known from a single possibly Miocene fossil found on Hispaniola. ''A. electropilosum'' is one of only two species of the ant genus ''Apterostigma'' and one of five Attine species to have been described from fossils found in Dominican amber. History and classification ''Apterostigma electropilosum'' is known from a solitary fossil insect which is an Inclusion (mineral), inclusion in a transparent chunk of Dominican amber. The amber was produced by the extinct ''Hymenaea protera'', which formerly grew on Hispaniola, across northern South America and up to southern Mexico. The specimens were collected from an undetermined amber mine in fossil bearing rocks of the Cordillera Septentrional mountains, northern Dominican Republic. The amber dates from at least the Burdigalian stage of the Miocene, based on studying the associated fossil foraminifera and may be as old as the Middle Eocene, based on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphomyrmex Taino
''Cyphomyrmex'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants found primarily in South and Central America. However, some species do come up to the southern portion of North America. They grow a variety of fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae. Most fungal gardens are grown in small nodules, some species to cultivate entire mycelium, though. Colonies are monogynous and are relatively small with about 100 workers on average. Taxonomy This genus is within the subfamily ''Myrmicinae'' and the tribe '' Attini''. ''Cyphomyrmex'' is a more basal part of this phylogenetic relationship. With more recent phylogenetic studies, more derived genera are placed ahead of this genus, now making it sister to the genus '' Mycetophylax''. The fungi that are grown by attine ants, like ''Cyphomyrmex'', follow similar diversification as their ant cultivators. Also, chemicals used throughout the attine ants are derived from one another. So, those used by ''Cyphomyrmex'' provided a base plan for more complex mixtur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachymyrmex Primaevus
''Trachymyrmex '' is a genus of fungus-growing ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is mainly tropical in distribution, with most species being found in Central and South America. The queens of the species appear to mate with only one male on their nuptial flight Nuptial flight is an important phase in the reproduction of most ant, termite, and some bee species. It is also observed in some fly species, such as '' Rhamphomyia longicauda''. During the flight, virgin queens mate with males and then land .... Species A number of species were moved from ''Trachymyrmex'' based on molecular phylogeny by Solomon ''et al.'' 2019. Of the species formerly included, nine were retained in ''Trachymyrmex'', while 31 of the species were moved to the new genus '' Mycetomoellerius'', and an additional nine moved to '' Paratrachymyrmex''. ''Trachymyrmex'' species *'' T. arizonensis'' *'' T. carinatus'' *'' T. desertorum'' *'' T. nogalensis'' *'' T. pakawa'' *'' T. pomonae'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
