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Appenzell Railways
Appenzell Railways (, AB) is a Swiss railway company with headquarters in Herisau. It operates a network of railways and a bus line in the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, St. Gallen and Thurgau. It was founded in 2006 through the merger of the former Appenzeller Bahnen (founded in 1988) with the Rorschach–Heiden railway, Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain railway and Trogenerbahn. In 2021, AB acquired the Frauenfeld-Wil railway. History The origins of the Appenzeller Bahnen company lies in a number of formerly independent companies and railway lines: * The Rorschach–Heiden-Bergbahn (RHB), which opened its line from Rorschach to Heiden in 1875. * The Appenzellerbahn (AB), which opened its line from to Urnäsch via Herisau in 1875, with an extension from Urnäsch to Appenzell in 1886. In 1913, the line from Herisau to Winkeln was replaced by a new line to Gossau. * The Frauenfeld–Wil railway (FW) in 1887 * The St. Gallen–Gais–Appenz ...
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Aktiengesellschaft
(; abbreviated AG ) is a German language, German word for a corporation limited by Share (finance), share ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its shareholders) whose shares may be traded on a stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a ''S.A. (corporation), société anonyme'' or a ''società per azioni'') and South Tyrol for companies incorporated there. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent term is public limited company, and in the United States, while the terms "Incorporation (business), incorporated" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "joint-stock company". Meaning of the word The German word ''Aktiengesellschaft'' is a compound noun made up of two elements: ''Aktien'' meaning an acting part or shares, share, and ''Gesellschaft'', meaning company or society. English translations include ''share company'', or ''company limited by shares'', or joint-stock company. In German, ...
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Rheineck
Rheineck is a municipality in the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. History Rheineck is first mentioned about 1163 as ''castellum Rinegge''. In 1218 it was mentioned as ''Rinegg''. An older reference from the ''Tabula Peutingeriana'' which mentioned ''Ad Rhenum'' is now considered to refer to St Margrethen. Geography Rheineck has an area, , of . Of this area, 34.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 7.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 51.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (6.3%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes). The municipality is located in the Rorschach region on the left bank of the Alter Rhein, an old channel of the Rhine, which is also the Austrian border. It is about south of Lake Constance. It is a regional center for the Appenzeller foothills and the lower Rhine valley. As it is located in the narrows between the hills and the Rhine, it has been strategically important for ...
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Gais
Gais () is a village and a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. The area of Gais is . In 1977, the village Gais received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage. The village square, the Protestant church of 1782, the former spa hotel ''Neuer Ochsen'' of 1796 and the ''Krone'' inn of 1781 are listed as heritage sites of national significance.Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance (1995), p. 53 History The village of ''de Geis'' is first mentioned in a list of offerings given to the Abbey of St Gall in 1272. While under the Abbey, Gais was a semi-independent village with its own '' Ammann'' (bailiff) and judge. By the 14th century Gais was already acting as an independent community. Under the Ammann Konrad Geppensteiner Gais joined the Swabian Cities Alliance () in 1377. In 1401 the town allied with the League of God's House. One of the most important battles of th ...
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Appenzell (town)
Appenzell () is a village, though considered as a town by the FSO, and the capital of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. Appenzell has no municipal government of its own; rather, the different parts of Appenzell belong to and are governed by the districts Appenzell and Schwende-Rüte. Because of that, for firefighting, energy and water, the village Appenzell has a special-purpose municipality, the Feuerschaugemeinde. History In 1071 the village was referred to as ''Abbacella''. By 1223 this changed to ''Abbatiscella'', meaning the Abbot's cell. This refers to the abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall. The buildings in the village core, the parish church, the 1563 town hall, the ''Salesis'' house, the ruins of Castle Clanx and the state archives with the administration building are listed as heritage sites of national significance. Notable people * Roman Signer (born 1938 in Appenzell) a visual artist who works in sculpture, art installations photography, and ...
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Urnäsch
Urnäsch is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland. History In 831 AD a part of Urnäsch known as ''Färchen'' was first mentioned. In the 10th century, Urnäsch was part of the administrative district Herisau. From the 14th century onwards, Urnäsch was part of the ''Rhode'' Hundwil, and thus part of the bailiwick of St. Gallen. The first official mentioning of the municipality's entirety as “Urnäschen” occurred in 1344, when the village was sold to the German Earl ''Werdenberg'', although the municipality already had a strong and independent agenda. It became part of the ''Schwäbischer Städtebund'' in the same year as the so-called ''Lendlyn,'' which further reaffirmed their independent position. In 1401, Urnäsch joined the ''Bund'' together with St. Gallen. At that time, Urnäsch was still a part of the ''Rhode'' Hundwil. From 1401 to 1429, Urnäsch was on the forefront of the Appenzell wars. After the battles in ''Vögelinsegg'' (1403) an ...
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Heiden, Switzerland
Heiden is a village and a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. Its Biedermeier village around the church square is listed as a heritage site of national significance. History Heiden is first mentioned in 1461 as ''guot genant Haiden''. Heiden, Lutzenberg, and Wolfhalden originally were parts of a single municipality named the Kurzenberg. Around 1650, Heiden and Wolfhalden could not agree about control over the local church. This led to the creation of a separate church in each village in 1652, making them independent. In 1658 the Kurzenberg was split into the three separate municipalities in defiance of the canton government. Their borders were officially established in 1666–67. The founder of the Red Cross, Henry Dunant, spent his last years in Heiden. The former president of the ICRC, Jakob Kellenberger, was also born in Heiden. Geography Heiden has an area, , of . Of this area, 52.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30. ...
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Rorschach, Switzerland
Rorschach () is a municipality in the district of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is on the south side of Lake Constance (''Bodensee''). History Rorschach is first mentioned in 850 as ''Rorscachun''. In 947, Otto I granted the abbot of St. Gall the right to operate markets, mint coins and levy tariffs at Rorschach. In 1489–90 the Rorschacher Klosterbruch or destruction of the abbey at Rorschach touched off the St. Gallen War. Following decades of conflict with the city of St. Gallen, in late 1480 Abbot Ulrich Rösch began planning to move the abbey away from the city of St. Gallen to Rorschach. By moving he hoped to escape the independence and conflict in the city. Additionally, by moving closer to the important lake trade routes, he could make Rorschach into a major harbor and collect a fortune in taxes. In turn Mayor Varnbüler and the city feared that a new harbor on the lake would cause trade to bypass St. Gallen and Appenzell. They would ...
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