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Apheloria Polychroma
''Apheloria'' is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae, occurring in the central and southeastern United States, and ranging as far north as southern Quebec, Canada.Hoffman, Richard L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publications 8, pp. 293-296Marek, Paul; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Sierwald, Petra (2014''A Species Catalog of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)''. Special Publication 17. Virginia Museum of Natural History. pp. 7-9 They are aposematically colored in black and contrasting reds and yellows, and some species in the Appalachian Mountains resemble species of '' Brachoria'' where they co-occur, a phenomenon known as Müllerian mimicry Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimicry, mimic each other's honest signal, honest aposematism, warning signal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apheloria Virginiensis
''Apheloria virginiensis'', the Kentucky flat millipede, is a large North American millipede. It gets its name from the yellow and orange markings on its back that give it a flattened appearance. It is reported to secrete cyanide compounds as a defense mechanism. This mechanism also makes it an object of fascination to many amateur entomologists, as the cyanide compounds reportedly give off a scent similar to cherries oalmonds It is recommended that one wash their hands after handling this organism as the compounds it secretes are poisonous and can cause extreme irritation if rubbed in the eyes. ''Apheloria virginiensis'' can serve as a host to the parasitic fungus '' Arthrophaga myriapodina'', which causes infected individuals to climb to an elevated spot before death. ''Apheloria virginiensis'' can be found throughout Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia. This docile millipede is beneficial to the ecosystem. It is an omnivore that helps in the decomposition of deciduous leaves and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apheloria Luminosa
''Apheloria'' is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae, occurring in the central and southeastern United States, and ranging as far north as southern Quebec, Canada.Hoffman, Richard L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publications 8, pp. 293-296Marek, Paul; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Sierwald, Petra (2014''A Species Catalog of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)''. Special Publication 17. Virginia Museum of Natural History. pp. 7-9 They are aposematically colored in black and contrasting reds and yellows, and some species in the Appalachian Mountains resemble species of '' Brachoria'' where they co-occur, a phenomenon known as Müllerian mimicry. Species These species belong to the genus ''Apheloria'': * '' Apheloria luminosa'' Kenyon, 1893 * '' Apheloria montana'' (Bollman, 1887) * '' Apheloria montezumae'' (Attems, 1899) * ''Apheloria polychroma'' Marek, Means & Hennen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polydesmida
Polydesmida (from the Greek ''poly'' "many" and ''desmos'' "bond") is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. Millipedes in this order are found in all regions of the world other than Antarctica. Description Members of the order Polydesmida are also known as flat-backed millipedes, because on most species, each body segment has wide lateral keels known as paranota. These keels are produced by the posterior half (metazonite) of each body ring behind the collum. Polydesmids have no eyes, and vary in length from 1.4 to 134 mm. Many of the larger species show bright coloration patterns which warn predators of their toxic secretions. Adults usually have 20 segments, counting the collum as the first ring and the telson as the last ring. Juveniles have from 7 to 19 rings. In species with the usual 20 seg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apheloria Whiteheadi
''Apheloria'' is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae, occurring in the central and southeastern United States, and ranging as far north as southern Quebec, Canada.Hoffman, Richard L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publications 8, pp. 293-296Marek, Paul; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Sierwald, Petra (2014''A Species Catalog of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)''. Special Publication 17. Virginia Museum of Natural History. pp. 7-9 They are aposematically colored in black and contrasting reds and yellows, and some species in the Appalachian Mountains resemble species of '' Brachoria'' where they co-occur, a phenomenon known as Müllerian mimicry. Species These species belong to the genus ''Apheloria'': * ''Apheloria luminosa'' Kenyon, 1893 * '' Apheloria montana'' (Bollman, 1887) * '' Apheloria montezumae'' (Attems, 1899) * ''Apheloria polychroma'' Marek, Means & Hennen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apheloria Tigana
''Apheloria tigana'', known as the yellow-and-black flat millipede, is a large North American flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. It is reported to secrete cyanide compounds as a defense. It is recommended that one wash hands after handling this organism as the toxic compounds it secretes are poisonous and can cause extreme irritation if rubbed in the eyes. Characteristics include yellow paranota (lateral segmental expansions on the dorsa), a yellow mid-dorsal spot on the anterior margin of the collum or 1st segment, and yellow mid-dorsal spots on the caudal-most 3-5 segments. South of the Cape Fear River basin there is an undescribed ''Apheloria'' species with yellow middorsal marks on most segments. ''Apheloria tigana'' occurs in the Eastern United States, from southeastern North Carolina northward throughout the Blue Ridge Mountains.Hoffman, Richard L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apheloria Polychroma
''Apheloria'' is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae, occurring in the central and southeastern United States, and ranging as far north as southern Quebec, Canada.Hoffman, Richard L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publications 8, pp. 293-296Marek, Paul; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Sierwald, Petra (2014''A Species Catalog of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)''. Special Publication 17. Virginia Museum of Natural History. pp. 7-9 They are aposematically colored in black and contrasting reds and yellows, and some species in the Appalachian Mountains resemble species of '' Brachoria'' where they co-occur, a phenomenon known as Müllerian mimicry Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimicry, mimic each other's honest signal, honest aposematism, warning signal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apheloria Montana
''Apheloria montana'' is a species of flat-backed millipede Polydesmida (from the Greek language, Greek ''poly'' "many" and ''desmos'' "bond") is the largest order (biology), order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This or ... in the family Xystodesmidae. It is found in North America. References Further reading * Polydesmida Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1887 {{Millipede-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Müllerian Mimicry
Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimicry, mimic each other's honest signal, honest aposematism, warning signals, to their mutualism (biology), mutual benefit. The benefit to Müllerian mimics is that predators only need one unpleasant encounter with one member of a set of Müllerian mimics, and thereafter avoid all similar coloration, whether or not it belongs to the same species as the initial encounter. It is named after the German Brazilian, German Brazilian naturalist Fritz Müller, who first proposed the concept in 1878, supporting his theory with the first mathematical model of frequency-dependent selection, one of the first such models anywhere in biology. Müllerian mimicry was first identified in tropical butterfly, butterflies that shared colourful wing patterns, but it is found in many groups of insects such as bumblebees, and other animals such as Poiso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ralph Vary Chamberlin
Ralph Vary Chamberlin (January 3, 1879October 31, 1967) was an American biologist, Ethnography, ethnographer, and historian from Salt Lake City, Utah. He was a faculty member of the University of Utah for over 25 years, where he helped establish the University of Utah School of Medicine, School of Medicine and served as its first dean, and later became head of the zoology department. He also taught at Brigham Young University and the University of Pennsylvania, and worked for over a decade at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, where he described species from around the world. Chamberlin was a prolific Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist who named over 4,000 new animal species in over 400 scientific publications. He specialized in arachnids (spiders, scorpions, and relatives) and Myriapoda, myriapods (centipedes, millipedes, and relatives), ranking among the most prolific Arachnology, arachnologists and Myriapodology, myriapodologists in history. He described over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachoria
''Brachoria'' is a genus of polydesmidan millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae inhabiting the Eastern United States. Also known as the Appalachian mimic millipedes, at least 30 species are known, with highest diversity in the Appalachian Mountains, especially the Cumberland Plateau and Ridge and Valley Province. Species of ''Brachoria'' are boldly patterned with yellow, orange, red, violet that contrasts with a black background, and in the Appalachians some species mimic species of '' Apheloria'' where they co-occur, a phenomenon known as Müllerian mimicry Species There are over 30 species of ''Brachoria'' which differ mainly in characteristics of the male gonopod Gonopods are specialized appendages of various arthropods used in reproduction or egg-laying. In males, they facilitate the transfer of sperm from male to female during mating, and thus are a type of intromittent organ. In crustaceans and millipe ...s (reproductive appendages), but since many species have very sma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aposematism
Aposematism is the Advertising in biology, advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predation, predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defenses which make the prey difficult to kill and eat, such as toxicity, venom, foul taste or smell, sharp spines, or aggressive nature. These advertising signals may take the form of conspicuous animal coloration, coloration, sounds, odours, or other perception, perceivable characteristics. Aposematic Signalling theory, signals are beneficial for both predator and prey, since both avoid potential harm. The term was coined in 1877 by Edward Bagnall Poulton for Alfred Russel Wallace's concept of warning coloration. Aposematism is exploited in Müllerian mimicry, where species with strong defences evolve to resemble one another. By mimicking similarly coloured species, the warning signal to predators is shared, causing them to learn more quickly at less of a cost. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
