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Anococcygeal Nerve
The anococcygeal nerve is a sensory nerve of the pelvis that arises from the coccygeal plexus. It pierces the coccygeus muscle and the sacrotuberous ligament to supply a small area of skin between the coccyx and anus, as well as the sacrococcygeal joint. The number of anococcygeal nerves varies between one and three. See also * Coccygeal plexus The coccygeal plexus is a small nervous plexus upon the pelvic (anterior) surface of the coccygeus muscle. This plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the fourth and fifth sacral nerves (S4-S5), and the ventral ramus of the coccygeal nerve (C ... * Coccydynia (coccyx pain, tailbone pain) References External linksCoccyx pain, tailbone pain, coccydynia(Peer-reviewed medical chapter, available free online at eMedicine) Nerves of the lower limb and lower torso {{Neuroanatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacral Plexus
In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4).''Thieme Atlas of Anatomy'' (2006), pp 470-471 A sacral plexopathy is a disorder affecting the nerves of the sacral plexus, usually caused by trauma, nerve compression, vascular disease, or infection. Symptoms may include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits. Structure The sacral plexus is formed by: * the lumbosacral trunk * the anterior division of the first sacral nerve * portions of the anterior divisions of the second and third sacral nerves The nerves forming the sacral plexus converge toward the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen, and unite to form a flattened band, from the anterior and posterior surfaces of which several branches arise. The band itself is continued as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pudendal Plexus (nerves)
The pudendal plexus is a term used for a compound structure consisting of sacral spinal nerves. Some sources describe it as S2-S4 of the lumbosacral plexus. In some older texts, it is a rough approximation of the coccygeal plexus. References Nerve plexus {{neuroanatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccygeal Plexus
The coccygeal plexus is a small nervous plexus upon the pelvic (anterior) surface of the coccygeus muscle. This plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the fourth and fifth sacral nerves (S4-S5), and the ventral ramus of the coccygeal nerve (Co). The relative contributions of S4 and S5 are minor and major, respectively. The coccygeal plexus gives rise to the anococcygeal nerve. The coccygeal plexus is distributed to the coccygeus muscle, part of the levator ani muscle, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, and (via the anococcygeal nerve) a small area of skin between the tip of the coccyx, and the anus. See also * Coccydynia (coccyx pain, tailbone pain) * Ganglion impar * Sacral plexus * Anococcygeal nerve * Coccyx * Levator ani muscle * Coccygeus muscle The coccygeus muscle or ischiococcygeus is a muscle of the pelvic floor located posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament. Structure The coccygeus muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerve
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons). Nerves have historically been considered the basic units of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the Electrochemistry, electrochemical nerve impulses called action potentials that are transmitted along each of the axons to peripheral organs or, in the case of sensory nerves, from the periphery back to the central nervous system. Each axon is an extension of an individual neuron, along with other supportive cells such as some Schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. Each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the endoneurium. The axons are bundled together into groups called Nerve fascicle, fascicles, and each fascicle is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the perineurium. The entire nerve is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. Nerve cells (often called neurons) are further classified as either Sensory neuron, sens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelvis
The pelvis (: pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of an Anatomy, anatomical Trunk (anatomy), trunk, between the human abdomen, abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton). The pelvic region of the trunk includes the bony pelvis, the pelvic cavity (the space enclosed by the bony pelvis), the pelvic floor, below the pelvic cavity, and the perineum, below the pelvic floor. The pelvic skeleton is formed in the area of the back, by the sacrum and the coccyx and anteriorly and to the left and right sides, by a pair of hip bones. The two hip bones connect the spine with the lower limbs. They are attached to the sacrum posteriorly, connected to each other anteriorly, and joined with the two femurs at the hip joints. The gap enclosed by the bony pelvis, called the pelvic cavity, is the section of the body underneath the abdomen and mainly consists of the reproductive organs and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccygeal Plexus
The coccygeal plexus is a small nervous plexus upon the pelvic (anterior) surface of the coccygeus muscle. This plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the fourth and fifth sacral nerves (S4-S5), and the ventral ramus of the coccygeal nerve (Co). The relative contributions of S4 and S5 are minor and major, respectively. The coccygeal plexus gives rise to the anococcygeal nerve. The coccygeal plexus is distributed to the coccygeus muscle, part of the levator ani muscle, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, and (via the anococcygeal nerve) a small area of skin between the tip of the coccyx, and the anus. See also * Coccydynia (coccyx pain, tailbone pain) * Ganglion impar * Sacral plexus * Anococcygeal nerve * Coccyx * Levator ani muscle * Coccygeus muscle The coccygeus muscle or ischiococcygeus is a muscle of the pelvic floor located posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament. Structure The coccygeus muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccygeus Muscle
The coccygeus muscle or ischiococcygeus is a muscle of the pelvic floor located posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament. Structure The coccygeus muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament in the pelvic floor. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers. It arises by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament. It is inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. In combination with the levator ani, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. The pudendal nerve runs between the coccygeus muscle and the piriformis muscle, superficial to the coccygeus muscle. Nerve supply The coccygeus muscle is innervated by the pudendal nerve, which runs between it and the piriformis muscle. Function The coccygeus muscle assists the levator ani and piriformis muscle in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. This helps to support the vagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacrotuberous Ligament
The sacrotuberous ligament (great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. It is flat, and triangular in form; narrower in the middle than at the ends. Structure It runs from the sacrum (the lower transverse sacral tubercles, the inferior margins sacrum and the upper coccyx) to the tuberosity of the ischium. It is a remnant of part of biceps femoris muscle. The sacrotuberous ligament is attached by its broad base to the posterior superior iliac spine, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments (with which it is partly blended), to the lower transverse sacral tubercles and the lateral margins of the lower sacrum and upper coccyx. Its oblique fibres descend laterally, converging to form a thick, narrow band that widens again below and is attached to the medial margin of the ischial tuberosity. It then spreads along the ischial ramus as the falciform process, whose concave edge blends with the fascial sheath of the internal pudendal vessels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccyx
The coccyx (: coccyges or coccyxes), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column in all apes, and analogous structures in certain other mammals such as horse anatomy, horses. In tailless primates (e.g. humans and other great apes) since ''Nacholapithecus'' (a Miocene hominoid),Nakatsukasa 2004, ''Acquisition of bipedalism'' (SeFig. 5entitled ''First coccygeal/caudal vertebra in short-tailed or tailless primates.''.) the coccyx is the remnant of a Human vestigiality#Coccyx, vestigial tail. In animals with bony tails, it is known as Rump (animal), ''tailhead'' or ''dock'', in bird anatomy as ''tailfan''. It comprises three to five separate or fused coccygeal vertebrae below the sacrum, attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. Structure The coccyx is formed of three, four or five rudimentary vertebrae. It articulates superiorly with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacrococcygeal Joint
The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. It is a slightly moveable jointMorris (2005), p 59 which is frequently, partially or completely, obliterated in old age,Palastanga (2006), p 334 homologous with the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae. Structure Articular disc The sacrococcygeal disc or interosseus ligamentHuijbregts (2001), p 13 is similar to the intervertebral discs but thinner, thicker in front and behind than at the sides, and with a firmer texture. The articular surfaces are elliptical with longer transversal axes. The surface on the sacrum is convex and that on the coccyx concave. Occasionally the coccyx is freely movable on the sacrum, most notably during pregnancy; in such cases a synovial membrane is present. Ligaments The joint is strengthened by a series of ligaments: * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccydynia
Coccydynia is a medical term meaning pain in the coccyx or tailbone area, often brought on by a fall onto the coccyx or by persistent irritation usually from sitting. Synonyms Coccydynia is also known as coccygodynia, coccygeal pain, coccyx pain, or coccalgia. Anatomy Structure Coccydynia occurs in the lowest part of the spine, the coccyx, which is believed to be a vestigial tail, or in other words the "tail bone". The name ''coccyx'' is derived from the Greek word for 'cuckoo' due to its beak-like appearance. The coccyx itself is made up of three to five vertebrae, some of which may be fused together. The ventral side of the coccyx is slightly concave whereas the dorsal aspect is slightly convex. Both of these sides have transverse grooves that show where the vestigial coccygeal units had previously fused. The coccyx attaches to the sacrum from the dorsal grooves, with the attachment being either a symphysis or as a true synovial joint, and also to the gluteus maximus muscle, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
