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Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. Case
The ''United Kingdom v Iran'' [1952ICJ 2(also known as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case) was a public international law dispute between the UK and Iran. This case concerned the Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry which had been, in large part, controlled by the United Kingdom since the early 20th century. Background The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (formerly the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and currently BP) had been drilling for oil in Iran since 1913. In 1908, a British venture capitalist discovered oil in southern Iran. Throughout the early 20th century, the ruling Pahlavi government made various concessions with the British that gave the UK control over certain elements in the Iranian economy, the 1901 D'Arcy Concession being the earliest of these oil concessions. In 1933, another concession was made which extended the terms of the D'Arcy Concession by 32 years, from 1961 until 1993 and altered how revenue was allocated. The concession would later stoke discontent within I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalization Of The Iranian Oil Industry
The nationalization of the Iranian oil industry () resulted from a movement in the Iranian parliament (Majlis) to seize control of Iran's oil industry, which had been run by private companies, largely controlled by foreign interests. The legislation was passed on March 15, 1951, and was verified by the Majlis on March 17, 1951. The legislation led to the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and the formation of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). The movement was led by Mohammad Mosaddegh, a member of the Majlis for the National Front and future prime minister of Iran. The movement to nationalize the oil industry was the reaction to the following concessions made by Iran to foreign powers: the Reuter concession of 1872, the 1901 D'Arcy Concession, the 1933 agreement between the Iranian government and AIOC, and the 1949 Gas-Gulshaiyan Supplemental Oil Agreement. According to the political scientist Mark J. Gasiorowski, the oil nationalization movement had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Court Of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; , CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that Adjudication, adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on International law, international legal issues as interpretation of international treaties, borders disputes and human rights cases. It is one of the United Nations System#Six principal organs, six organs of the United Nations (UN), and is located in The Hague, Netherlands. The ability to file a case before the ICJ is limited exclusively to recognized governments of states. The ICJ is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which was established in 1920 by the League of Nations. After the World War II, Second World War, the League and the PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations and ICJ, respectively. The Statute of the ICJ, which sets forth its purpose and structure, draws heavily from that of its predecessor, whose decisions remain valid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Navab
Hossein Navab or ''Hossein Navvab'' (; 1897–1972) was an Iranian diplomat, who served as foreign minister briefly in 1952. Career Navab was a career diplomat. In the 1930s he was second secretary at the Iranian Embassy in London. He served as the consul general of Iran in New York in the 1940s. He was also the ambassador of Iran to the Netherlands. He served as the minister of foreign affairs in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh which was announced on 26 July 1952. Navab resigned from office without citing any reason on 9 October 1952, and Hossein Fatemi succeeded him in the post. References External links {{DEFAULTSORT:Navab, Hossein 20th-century Iranian diplomats 20th-century Iranian politicians 1897 births 1972 deaths Ambassadors of Iran to the Netherlands Ministers of foreign affairs of Iran Burials at Behesht-e Zahra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statute Of The International Court Of Justice
The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the United Nations Charter, as specified by Chapter XIV of the United Nations Charter, which established the International Court of Justice (replacing the Permanent Court of International Justice). Structure The Statute is divided into 5 chapters and consists of 70 articles. The Statute begins with Article 1 proclaiming: The 69 Articles are grouped in 5 Chapters: *Chapter I: Organization of the Court (Articles 2 - 33) *Chapter II: Competence of the Court (Articles 34 - 38) *Chapter III: Procedure (Articles 39 - 64) *Chapter IV: Advisory Opinions (Articles 65 - 68) *Chapter V: Amendment (Articles 69 & 70) Article 38.1 lists sources that the court may apply to decide a case, including: treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and (as subsidiary means) judicial decisions and academic writing. These sources are qualified by Article 59 which states that ICJ decisions are binding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edvard Hambro
Edvard Isak Hambro (22 August 1911 – 1 February 1977) was a Norwegian legal scholar, diplomat and politician for the Conservative Party. He was the 25th President of the United Nations General Assembly (1970–1971). Personal life Hambro was born in Kristiania as a son of the politician C. J. Hambro (1885–1964) and his wife Gudrun Grieg (1881–1943). On the paternal side he was a grandson of Edvard Isak Hambro and Nico Hambro (née Harbitz). He was also a nephew of Elise Hambro, a brother of Cato, Carl Joachim and Johan Hambro, and from 1946 a stepson of Gyda Christensen. In 1940 he married Elisabeth Raverat, daughter of the French artist Jacques Raverat and his English wife, the artist Gwen Darwin, a granddaughter of Charles Darwin. They had the following children Anne (born 1941), Carl Joachim (born 1944), Christian (born 1946) and Linda Hambro (born 1948). Elisabeth died in 2014. Early career and World War II He finished his secondary education in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karim Sanjabi
Karim Bakhtiar Sanjabi (; September 11, 1905 – July 4, 1995) was an Iranian politician, a member of The National Consultative Assembly. He was also a professor at Tehran University Law School and one of the leaders of Iran National Front and Iran Party. Sanjabi was also considered the Minister of Culture in the government of Mohammad Mosaddegh and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran in the government of Mahdi Bazargan. Early life He was born in Kermanshah in September 1905 to the chief of the Kurdish Sanjâbi tribe. He studied law and politics at Sorbonne University. He worked as a law professor at the University of Tehran. Career Sanjabi and Allahyar Saleh led the Iran Party, a nationalist, progressive, leftist and anti-Soviet group, in the 1950s. The party became part of the National Front. Sanjabi was a loyal supporter of Mohammad Mossadegh and he later served as minister of education under Mossadegh in 1952. Mossadegh had led the movement to nationalize the Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milovan Zoričić
Milovan Zoričić (1884 in Zagreb – 1971) was a Croatian football official and criminal judge. Zoričić was one of the founders of HAŠK Zagreb in 1904. He translated the rules of football into Croatian in 1908. He also worked as a referee and in 1912 he became the first president of the Croatian Football Federation. By profession Zoričić practiced law. He was a judge at the International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ; , CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that Adjudication, adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on International law, internation ... from 1946 to 1958. SourcesZoričić, Milovan {{DEFAULTSORT:Zoricic, Milovan 1884 births 1971 deaths Lawyers from Zagreb Presidents of the Croatian Football Federation International Court of Justice judges Yugoslav judges Sportspeople from Zagreb Yugoslav judges of United Nations courts and tribunals Burials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohdan Winiarski
Bohdan Stefan Winiarski (27 April 1884 – 4 December 1969) was a Polish politician and jurist who served as President of the International Court of Justice from 1961 to 1964. Life and career Winiarski studied law nationally at the Jagiellonian University and the University of Warsaw and did studies of the same studies overseas at the University of Paris and Heidelberg University. After obtaining Ph.D., Winiarski started working at the University of Poznań, obtaining ranks of deputy professor in 1921 and associate professor in 1922. In 1930, Winiarski became full professor of public international law and from 1936 to 1939 served as dean of the Faculty of Law and Economics. During those years, he also served as vice chairman of the League of Nations Communications and Transport Committee and chairman of the League of Nations Inland Navigation Law Committee. During World War II he settled in Great Britain where he served as the President of the Bank of Poland under London Governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Erskine Read
John Erskine Read, (July 5, 1888 – December 23, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer, civil servant, and the only Canadian judge elected to the International Court of Justice. Education Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Read graduated from the Dalhousie Law School in 1909. He completed post-graduate studies at Columbia University before receiving a Rhodes Scholarship. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Civil Law degree from University College, Oxford. In 1913, he was called to the Nova Scotia bar and practiced law with the firm of Harris, Henry, Rogers, and Harris. During World War I, he served with the Canadian Field Artillery where he was wounded and achieved the rank of Major. Profession After the war, in 1920, he joined the Faculty of Law at Dalhousie University. From 1924 to 1929, he was the Dean of the faculty. In 1929, he was appointed Legal Advisor of the Department of External Affairs and rose to become a Deputy Undersecretary of State. While Legal Advi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hsu Mo
Hsu Mo (; October 22, 1893 in Suzhou, province of Jiangsu – June 28, 1956 in The Hague) was a Chinese lawyer, politician and diplomat. He worked from 1931 to 1941 as deputy foreign minister of his country, as ambassador to Australia and to Turkey, and from 1946 until his death as a judge at the International Court of Justice. Life Hsu Mo was born in 1893 in Suzhou, China, and studied law at Peiyang University and at George Washington University. He received his doctorate in Australia at the University of Melbourne. In the 1920s, he worked first as a professor of international law and international relations at Nankai University and later as a judge in various district courts. In 1928, he moved to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, where he worked as a consultant and later as Director of the European-American and Asian Department. Three years later, he became Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. After ten years in this position, he became Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helge Klæstad
Helge Klæstad (6 December 1885 – 23 May 1965) was a Norwegian judge. He was born in Levanger. He took the dr.juris degree in 1921, and was a Supreme Court Justice from 1929 to 1946, except for the period between December 1940 and May 1945, during the German occupation of Norway. In 1946 he was appointed to serve at the International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ; , CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that Adjudication, adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on International law, internation ..., which he presided from 1958 until retiring in 1961. Klæstad was also active as a composer. References 1885 births 1965 deaths Supreme Court of Norway justices Norwegian composers Norwegian male composers People from Levanger Presidents of the International Court of Justice Norwegian officials of the United Nations Norwegian judges of United Nations courts and tribuna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
