|
Anglo-French Conflicts On Hudson Bay
The Anglo-French conflicts on Hudson Bay were a series of conflicts in the 17th and 18th centuries between England and France for control over the area around the Hudson Bay. Overview Beginning in 1672, the French sought to drive out the English Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) trading posts, which were established on Hudson Bay starting in 1668. This conflict continued during King William's War and mostly ended in 1713, when France recognized British sovereignty over the Bay in the Treaty of Utrecht. The last notable conflict occurred in 1782, with the French capture of Fort Churchill ( Prince of Wales Fort). Since the posts were held by, at most, a few dozen traders and labourers, they could easily be captured by a small group of soldiers; however, it was difficult to send soldiers to the Bay and impractical to keep them there over winter. The short ice-free season made it difficult to take all the posts in one year. Thus, the posts changed hands more or less at random whenever one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay, sometimes called Hudson's Bay (usually historically), is a large body of Saline water, saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of . It is located north of Ontario, west of Quebec, northeast of Manitoba, and southeast of Nunavut, but politically entirely part of Nunavut. It is an inland sea, inland List of seas on Earth#Marginal seas by ocean, marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. The Hudson Strait provides a connection between the Labrador Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the northeast, while the Foxe Channel connects Hudson Bay with the Arctic Ocean in the north. The Hudson Bay drainage basin drains a very large area, about , that includes parts of southeastern Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec, all of Manitoba, and parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Montana. Hudson Bay's southern arm is called James Bay. The East Cree, Eastern Cree name for Hudson and James Bay is (southern dialect) or (northern dialect), m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
York Factory
York Factory was a settlement and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) factory (trading post) on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, at the mouth of the Hayes River, approximately south-southeast of Churchill. York Factory was one of the first fur-trading posts established by the HBC, built in 1684 and used in that business for more than 270 years. The settlement was headquarters of the HBC's Northern Department from 1821 to 1873. In 1936, the complex was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. In 1957, the HBC closed it down. It has been owned by the Canadian government since 1968 and the site is now operated by Parks Canada. No one lives permanently at York Factory; there is a summer residence for Parks Canada staff, and some nearby seasonal hunting camps. The wooden structure at the park site dates from 1831 and is the oldest and largest wooden structure built on permafrost in Canada. Location York Factory is on the north bank of the Haye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-François De Galaup, Comte De Lapérouse
Commodore (rank), Commodore Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (; 23 August 1741 – ) was a French Navy officer and explorer. Having enlisted in the Navy at the age of 15, he had a successful career and in 1785 was appointed to lead a scientific expedition around the world. His ships stopped in Chile, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Macau, the Philippines, Korea, Russia, Japan, Samoa, Tonga, and Australia before wrecking on the reefs of Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands. Early career Jean-François de Galaup was born on 23 August 1741 near Albi, France. His family had been ennobled in 1558. Lapérouse studied in a Society of Jesus, Jesuit college and joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine in Brest, France, Brest on 19 November 1756. In 1757 he was appointed to the French ship ''Célèbre'' and participated in a Louisbourg Expedition (1757), supply expedition to the fort of Louisbourg in New France. Lapérouse also took part in a second supply expedition in 1758 to Louisbour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudson Bay Expedition
The Hudson Bay expedition was a series of military raids on the fur trading outposts and fortifications of the British Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) on the shores of Hudson Bay by a French Navy squadron under the command of the Comte de Lapérouse. Setting sail from Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue in 1782, the expedition was part of a series of globe-spanning naval conflicts between France and Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. Operating under secret orders from Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix, the French Secretary of State of the Navy, Lapérouse and his squadron set sail from Cap-Français in May 1782, and arrived in the Hudson Bay in early August. Both Prince of Wales Fort and York Factory, two trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company, surrendered without a fight to the French, though an HBC merchantman that evaded the French fleet spirited away some of the furs stored at York Factory. Some of captured British prisoners were put on a company sloop and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canada, New France
Canada was a French colony within the larger territory of New France. It was claimed by France in 1535 during the second voyage of Jacques Cartier, in the name of the French king, Francis I. The colony remained a French territory until 1763, when it became a British colony known as the Province of Quebec. In the 16th century the word "Canada" could refer to the territory along the Saint Lawrence River (then known as the Canada River) from Grosse Isle to a point between Québec and Trois-Rivières. The terms "Canada" and "New France" were also used interchangeably. French explorations continued west "unto the Countreys of Canada, Hochelaga, and Saguenay" before any permanent settlements were established. In 1600 a permanent trading post and habitation was established at Tadoussac at the confluence of the Saguenay and Saint Lawrence rivers. However, because this trading post was under a trade monopoly, it was not constituted as an official French colonial settlement. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain, Kingdom of France, France and Spanish Empire, Spain, with Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal in agreement, following Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the conflict between France and Great Britain over control of North America (the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the United States), and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of New France, France's possessions in North America. Additionally, Great Britain agreed to protect Roman Catholicism in the New World. The treaty did not involve Prussia and Habsburg monarchy, Austria, as they signed a separate agreement, the Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) or the Third Indian War was one in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. In the United States, it is often studied as a standalone conflict under this name, although it is also viewed as the American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession. In France, it was known as the Second Intercolonial War. The war was primarily a conflict between French, Spanish and English colonial ambitions for control of the North American continent while the War of the Spanish Succession was being fought in Europe. Each side drew in various Indigenous communities as allies, and it was fought on four fronts. In the south, Spanish Florida and the English Province of Carolina attacked one another, and English colonists engaged French colonists based at Old Mobile Site, Fort Louis de la Louisiane (near present-day Mob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fort Albany (1709)
The Battle of Fort Albany (about 26 June 1709) was an attack by French colonial volunteers and their native allies against the English Hudson's Bay Company outpost of Fort Albany in the southern reaches of Hudson Bay. About 70 Frenchmen and 30 Indians attacked the fort, which was under the command of John Fullartine. Fullartine's men repulsed the attack, killing eighteen attackers. He lost two men to ambush on their way back to the fort shortly after the attack. Background Following the creation of the Hudson's Bay Company by English investors in 1670, a lucrative fur trade was established on the shores of Hudson Bay by the company. By the early 1680s the company had established several trading posts near the mouths of rivers entering into the bay, and Indians living in those watersheds would deliver their furs to these trading posts in exchange for provisions and European goods, including weapons, ammunition, and other items.''Statutes, Documents and Papers'', p. 40 The suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of York Factory
The Capture of York Factory was a 1694 Anglo-French conflicts on Hudson Bay, Anglo-French conflict on Hudson Bay. In 1686. Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville marched overland from Quebec City and Hudson Bay expedition (1686), captured all the trading posts of the English Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) on James Bay. This left York Factory, which was too far away and could only be reached by sea. In 1688 King William's War started and the needed ships were hard to get. In 1690 Iberville tried to take York Factory but was driven away by a larger English ship. In 1694, Governor Louis de Buade de Frontenac gave him the ships ''Salamandre'' and ''Poli''. Iberville reached the Nelson River on 14 September. The fort was invested and on 14 October it surrendered. (The fort's residents consisted mainly of HBC traders, clerks and laborers and they had not brought in enough firewood to withstand a long siege). Among the 53 men who surrendered was Henry Kelsey. The post was renamed Fort Bourbon. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fort Albany (1693)
The Battle of Fort Albany in 1693 was the successful recapture by English forces of the Hudson's Bay Company trading outpost at Fort Albany in the southern reaches of Hudson Bay Hudson Bay, sometimes called Hudson's Bay (usually historically), is a large body of Saline water, saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of . It is located north of Ontario, west of Quebec, northeast of Manitoba, and southeast o .... The fort, captured by a French expedition in 1686 and held by them in a battle the next year, was briefly defended by fiveAccording to Arthur S Morton, "A History of Western Canada", page 115, there were 3 Frenchmen. They killed three English and then made their way overland to French Canada. Frenchmen, who then abandoned the fort and its stockpile of furs to a four-ship English fleet commanded by James Knight. References * 1693 in North America 17th century in Canada Battles involving France Battles involving the Hudson's Bay Company Conflic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Knight (explorer)
James Knight ( – ) was an English director of the Hudson's Bay Company and an explorer who disappeared on an expedition to find the Northwest Passage. Career Knight was born in England and joined the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1676 as a carpenter. In 1682, he became chief factor of the trading post of Fort Albany in James Bay, where he became rich. In 1697, he bought stock in the HBC; in 1711, he gained a seat on the board of directors. The long wars of the Grand Alliance and the Spanish Succession between England and France had spread to North America and battered the Company financially and logistically. Four of the Company's five trading posts were lost to the French; Knight led an expedition in 1693 that successfully recaptured Fort Albany, the only one retained by the English. However, among the provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 was the restoration of the captured posts. He gave a mission to William Stewart, the mission consisting in Developing co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severn River (northern Ontario)
The Severn River is a river in northern Ontario. The northern Ontario river has its headwaters near the western border of the province. From the head of the Black Birch River, the Severn River is long, Its drainage basin area is , a small portion of which is in Manitoba. Its source is Deer Lake and flows northeasterly into Severn Lake, then by a second section to Hudson Bay where it ends at Fort Severn. The First Nation communities of Sandy Lake, Bearskin Lake, and Fort Severn are located along the river. These were formed at the sites of former trading posts built when the Severn River was a prominent river during the fur trade era. The mouth of the river was located by the English in 1631 during expeditions by captains Thomas James and Luke Foxe. Later, Fort Severn was established there as a trading post in 1689 by the Hudson's Bay Company. It was captured by Pierre le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville in 1690. The post, rebuilt in 1759, has been in continuous operation to this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
