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American Fund For French Wounded
The American Fund for French Wounded (AFFW) was a private military relief organization founded by American women living abroad that provided aid to small hospitals in France, medical assistance for wounded French soldiers and civilians, and support for refugees during World War I. Headquartered in New York City, committees across the United States raised funds and collected dressings, blankets, pillows, clothing, food, and amusements for the organization. The AFFW worked closely with several similar organizations, including the American Red Cross. History The AFFW was formed in Paris in the autumn of 1915 by members of the Paris Depot of the London-based French Wounded Emergency Fund who sought autonomy from the London leadership in order to concentrate on providing aid to the French war effort. Isabel Stevens Lathrop was a founder and president of the AFFW, and chaired the organization's Paris depot. Letters written by Lathrop to a donor during her Paris work are in the America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific Ocean, Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in Genocides in history (World War I through World War II), genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the Spanish flu, 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising French Third Republic, France, Russia, and British Empire, Britain) and the Triple A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Red Cross
The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The organization offers services and development programs. History and organization Founders Clara Barton established the American Red Cross in Dansville, New York on May 21, 1881, and was the organization's first president. She organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the house of Senator Omar D. Conger ( R, MI). Fifteen people were present at the meeting, including Barton, Conger and Representative William Lawrence ( R, OH) (who became the first vice president). The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the English Evangelica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabel Stevens Lathrop
Isabel Stevens Harris Lathrop (1868 – October 26, 1964) was an American singer. She was made a member of the French Legion of Honor for her hospital and reconstruction work in Paris during and after World War I. Early life Isabel Stevens Harris was born in California, the daughter of Elias B. Harris and Anna Isabella Stevens Harris. Her father was a Navy surgeon. Her mother was a member of the Stevens family of Hoboken, New Jersey, founders of the Stevens Institute of Technology. She studied music in New York City, in Belgium, and as a student of Jean de Reszke in Paris.John William Leonard, ed.''Woman's Who's Who of America''(American Commonwealth Company 1914): 476. Career Lathrop worked in the settlement movement and was interested in music education. Lathrop wrote ''Musical Dates for Little Pates'' (1912), which was describes as "funny jingles and rhymes" for teaching the alphabet. She also gave performances as a concert soprano, debuting in 1908 at the Colony Club in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yale University
Yale University is a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the world. It is a member of the Ivy League. Chartered by the Connecticut Colony, the Collegiate School was established in 1701 by clergy to educate Congregationalism in the United States, Congregational ministers before moving to New Haven in 1716. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century, the college expanded into graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale's faculty and student populations grew after 1890 with rapid expansion of the physical campus and sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Morgan (philanthropist)
Anne Tracy Morgan (July 25, 1873 – January 29, 1952) was an American philanthropist who provided relief efforts in aid to France during and after World War I and World War II. Morgan was educated privately, traveled frequently and grew up amongst the wealth her father, banker J. P. Morgan, had amassed. She was awarded a medal from the National Institute of Social Science in 1915, the same year she published the story ''The American Girl''. In 1932 she became the first American woman appointed a commander of the French Legion of Honor. Early years Anne Tracy Morgan was born on July 25, 1873, at "Cragston" her family's country estate on the Hudson River at Highland Falls, New York, the youngest of four children born to John Pierpont Morgan and his wife, Frances Louisa ( Tracy) Morgan. Career In 1903, she became part owner of the Villa Trianon near Versailles, France, along with decorator and socialite Elsie De Wolfe and theatrical/literary agent Elisabeth Marbury. Morga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Murray Dike
Anne Murray Dike (1878-1929) was an American doctor, chair of the American Committee for Devastated France from 1917 and recipient of the Croix de Guerre The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ... and member of the Legion of Honour. Early life She was born Anne Veitch Murray in Edinburgh Scotland about June 8, 1878. She immigrated to the United States about 1908 in which year she married Francis Harold Dike, a Columbia graduate and instructor in French and English at MIT (1900-10) whom she divorced in 1914. World War I Anne Murray Dike joined philanthropist Anne Morgan in France. From 1917 to 1921 Morgan took residence near the French front, not far from both Soissons and the "Chemin des Dames" at Blérancourt, and ran The American Friends of France. It employed sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Pétain
Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), commonly known as Philippe Pétain (, ) or Marshal Pétain (french: Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as The Lion of Verdun (french: le lion de Verdun). From 1940 to 1944, during World War II, he served as head of the collaborationist regime of Vichy France. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, remains the oldest person to become the head of state of France. During World War I, Pétain led the French Army to victory at the nine-month-long Battle of Verdun. After the failed Nivelle Offensive and subsequent mutinies he was appointed Commander-in-Chief and succeeded in repairing the army's confidence. Pétain remained in command for the rest of the war and emerged as a national hero. During the interwar period he was head of the peacetime French Army, commanded joint Franco-Spanish operations during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Committee For Devastated France
American Committee for Devastated France (1919-1924) also known as C.A.R.D. ''(Comité Américain pour les Régions Dévastées de France)'', from the French translation of the name of the organization, was a small group of American women who volunteered to help the French Third Republic recover from the destruction of The Great WarAmerican Committee for Devastated France Records; 1919-1926, Public Policy Papers, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. (later known as World War I.) The volunteer civilian relief organization was founded by philanthropist Anne Morgan (1873–1952) and her friend Anne Murray Dike (1879–1929). Morgan's commanding personality and social status helped her rally potential volunteers and raise funds while traveling across the United States. Dike, a physician, organized field work in France. Headquarters were set up in the 17th-century Château de Blérancourt, less than from the war's front. The group's eff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the Allegheny West (Pittsburgh), Allegheny West neighborhood and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. She hosted a Paris salon (gathering), salon, where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art, such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson and Henri Matisse, would meet.BBC Culture:Cath Pound. July 26, 2021. The shocking memoir of the 'lost generation'. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210726-the-scandalous-memoir-of-the-lost-generation In 1933, Stein published a quasi-memoir of her Paris years, ''The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas'', written in the voice of Alice B. Toklas, her life partner. The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice B
Alice may refer to: * Alice (name), most often a feminine given name, but also used as a surname Literature * Alice (''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''), a character in books by Lewis Carroll * ''Alice'' series, children's and teen books by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor * ''Alice'' (Hermann book), a 2009 short story collection by Judith Hermann Computers * Alice (computer chip), a graphics engine chip in the Amiga computer in 1992 * Alice (programming language), a functional programming language designed by the Programming Systems Lab at Saarland University * Alice (software), an object-oriented programming language and IDE developed at Carnegie Mellon * Alice mobile robot * Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity, an open-source chatterbot * Matra Alice, a home micro-computer marketed in France * Alice, a brand name used by Telecom Italia for internet and telephone services Video games * '' Alice: An Interactive Museum'', a 1991 adventure game * ''American McGee's A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
