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Amazasp III Of Iberia
Amazasp III or Hamazasp I ( ka, ამაზასპ III, Latinized as ''Amazaspus'') was a king of Iberia (also natively known as Kartli; in ancient Georgia) from 260 to 265 AD. According to Cyril Toumanoff he may have been a scion of the Pharnavazid dynasty, while Richard N. Frye states that he was an Iranian, possibly related to the royal Sasanian family. The name Amazasp derives from Middle Persian ''*Hamazāsp'', ultimately from Old Persian ''Hamāzāspa''. Although the precise etymology of ''*Hamazāsp''/''Hamāzāspa'' remains unresolved, it may be explained through Avestan ''*hamāza-'', "colliding/clashing" + ''aspa-'', "horse" i.e. "one who possessed war steeds". Although Amazasp III is unfortunately unknown to the High Medieval & Georgian literary traditions, some Georgian chronicles do record two early kings named Amazasp. However, Amazasp III is indeed attested in a contemporaneous text of the Sasanian Empire, an Old Persian written source, and in the tri-lingual i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latinization (literature)
Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a ''non''-Latin name in a Latin style. It is commonly found with historical proper names, including personal names and toponyms, and in the standard binomial nomenclature of the life sciences. It goes further than romanisation, which is the transliteration of a word to the Latin alphabet from another script (e.g. Cyrillic). For authors writing in Latin, this change allows the name to function grammatically in a sentence through declension. In a scientific context, the main purpose of Latinisation may be to produce a name which is internationally consistent. Latinisation may be carried out by: * transforming the name into Latin sounds (e.g. for ), or * adding Latinate suffixes to the end of a name (e.g. for '' Meibom),'' or * translating a name with a specific meaning into Latin (e.g. for Italian ; both mean 'hunter'), or * choosing a new name based on some attribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satrap
A satrap () was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. The satrap served as viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and in modern usage refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap. Etymology The word is derived via Latin from Greek ''satrápes'' (), itself borrowed from an Old Iranian ''*khshathra-pa''. In Old Persian, which was the native language of the Achaemenids, it is recorded as ''khshathapavan'' (, literally "protector of the province"). The Median form is reconstructed as ''*khshathrapavan-''. It is cognate with Sanskrit ''kshetrapal'' (). The Biblical Hebrew form is ''aḥashdarpan'' , as found in . In the Parthian (language of the Arsacid Empire) and Middle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinjiang
Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. Being the largest province-level division of China by area and the 8th-largest country subdivision in the world, Xinjiang spans over and has about 25 million inhabitants. Xinjiang borders the countries of Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. The Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract regions, both administered by China, are claimed by India. Xinjiang also borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historic Silk Road ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manichaean
Manichaeism (; in New Persian ; ) is a former major religionR. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff ''Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times''SUNY Press, 1998 p. 37 founded in the 3rd century AD by the Parthian prophet Mani (AD 216–274), in the Sasanian Empire. Manichaeism teaches an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness. Through an ongoing process that takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter and returned to the world of light, whence it came. Its beliefs are based on local Mesopotamian religious movements and Gnosticism. It reveres Mani as the final prophet after Zoroaster, Gautama Buddha, and Jesus. Manichaeism was quickly successful and spread far through the Aramaic-speaking regions. It thrived between the third and seventh centuries, and at its height was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manicha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen H
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or " protomartyr") of the Christian Church. In English, Stephen is most commonly pronounced as ' (). The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie. The spelling as Stephen can also be pronounced which is from the Greek original version, Stephanos. In English, the female version of the name is Stephanie. Many surnames are derived from the first name, including Stephens, Stevens, Stephenson, and Stevenson, all of which mean "Stephen's (son)". In modern times the name has sometimes been given with intentionally non-standard spelling, such as Stevan or Stevon. A common variant of the name used in English is Stephan ; related names that have found some cur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgi Tsereteli (orientalist)
Giorgi (George) V. Tsereteli FRAS (alternately transliterated as Cereteli) (გიორგი წერეთელი in Georgian, 8 October 1904 – 9 September 1973) was a Georgian scientist and public benefactor, founder of the well-known Georgian scientific school of Oriental Studies. He founded both the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the Tbilisi State University (TSU) the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (GNAS), the latter of which he was the first Director. He was also an Academician of GNAS, a Meritorious Scientific Worker of Georgia, a Doctor of Philological Sciences and a Professor. Life and works Giorgi Tsereteli was born in Tianeti, Eastern Georgia. In 1927, he graduated from the Tbilisi State University (TSU). From 1928 to 1931, he was a Post-Graduate Student at the Academy of Sciences of Soviet Union (since 1991 - Russian Academy of Science), and from 1931 to 1933, he held the position of Associate Professor at the Len ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press is a department of the University of Cambridge and is both an academic and educational publisher. It became part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, following a merger with Cambridge Assessment in 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 Country, countries, it publishes over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publishing includes more than 380 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also publishes Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Spo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasian Albania
Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for a former state located in ancient times in the Caucasus: mostly in what is now Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located). The modern endonyms for the area are ''Aghwank'' and ''Aluank'', among the Udi people, who regard themselves as descended from the inhabitants of Caucasian Albania. However, its original endonym is unknown.Robert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians", in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Ed.), ''Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity''. Chicago: 1982, pp. 27-40. Bosworth, Clifford E.br>Arran '' Encyclopædia Iranica''. The name Albania is derived from the Ancient Greek name and Latin . James Stuart Olson. An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. The prefix "Caucasian" is used purely to avoid confusion with modern Albania of the Balkans, which has no known geographical or historical connections to Caucasian Albania. Little is kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Priest
The term "high priest" usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious caste. Ancient Egypt In ancient Egypt, a high priest was the chief priest of any of the many gods revered by the Egyptians. * While not regarded as a dynasty, the High Priest of Amun at Thebes, Egypt were nevertheless of such power and influence that they were effectively the rulers of Upper Egypt from 1080 to c. 943 BCE * High Priest of Osiris. The main cult of Osiris was in Abydos, Egypt. * High Priest of Ptah. The main cult of Ptah was in Memphis, Egypt. * High Priest of Ra. The main cult of Ra was in Heliopolis (ancient Egypt). * God's Wife of Amun the highest ranking priestess of the Amun cult. Ancient Israel The High Priest of Israel served in the Tabernacle, then in the Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Samaritan High Priest is the high priest of the Samaritans. Ancient world * Archiereus, title of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihrdat II Of Iberia
Mihrdat II ( ka, მირდატ II, Latinized as ''Mithridates''), of the Arsacid dynasty, was a king of Iberia (natively known as Kartli; ancient Georgia) from 249 to 265 AD. He is known exclusively from the medieval Georgian chronicles which make him either 22nd or 24th in the royal list of Iberia and merely relates that Mihrdat was the son of Bakur I. Professor Cyril Toumanoff hypothesized that there was the other Iberian king, Amazasp III (r. 260-265), at that time, probably installed as an anti-king by Shapur I, Great King of Iran. This Amazasp is known from the Sassanid inscriptions, but is unattested in Georgian literary sources.Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts'', p. 293. Peeters Bvba . References {{DEFAULTSORT:Mihrdat 02 Of Iberia Arsacid dynasty of Iberia 3rd-century monarchs in Asia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Influence In Caucasian Albania
This article discusses the Roman influence in Caucasian Albania (located largely in the North and Northwestern parts of the present day Azerbaijan). Characteristics The Roman Empire controlled Caucasian Albania only as a vassal state, never fully incorporating it as it temporarily did with neighboring Armenia. This influence started in the first century BC and lasted until around 250 AD, but around 299 Albania was again briefly a Roman vassal state under Emperor Diocletian. A later influence came from the Eastern Roman Empire, when Emperor Heraclius was able to take control of Caucasian Albania in 627 with help from the Gokturks during the Third Perso-Turkic War. Client state There was an enduring relation of Caucasian Albania with Ancient Rome. Indeed, in 65 BC the Roman general Pompey, who had just subjugated Armenia and Iberia and had conquered Colchis, entered Caucasian Albania at the head of his army. He clashed with the forces of Oroezes, king of Albania, and quic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-king
An anti-king, anti king or antiking (german: Gegenkönig; french: antiroi; cs, protikrál) is a would-be king who, due to succession disputes or simple political opposition, declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch. OED "Anti-, 2" The OED does not give "anti-king" its own entry, unlike "antipope", but includes it in a list of political "anti-" formations, such as "anti-emperor" and "anti-caesar". The earliest example of anti-king cited is from 1619 (and the next by Dr Pusey). Only the hyphenated form is cited or mentioned. The term is usually used in a European historical context where it relates to elective monarchies rather than hereditary ones. In hereditary monarchies such figures are more frequently referred to as pretenders or claimants. Anti-kings are most commonly referred to in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire, before the Golden Bull of 1356 issued by Emperor Charles IV defined the provisions of the Imperial election. Other nations with electiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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