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Alperin–Brauer–Gorenstein Theorem
In mathematics, the Alperin–Brauer–Gorenstein theorem characterizes the finite simple groups with quasidihedral or wreathedA 2-group is wreathed if it is a nonabelian semidirect product of a maximal subgroup that is a direct product of two cyclic groups of the same order, that is, if it is the wreath product of a cyclic 2-group with the symmetric group on 2 points. Sylow 2-subgroups. These are isomorphic either to three-dimensional projective special linear groups or projective special unitary groups over a finite field In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field (mathematics), field that contains a finite number of Element (mathematics), elements. As with any field, a finite field is a Set (mathematics), s ... of odd order, depending on a certain congruence, or to the Mathieu group M_. proved this in the course of 261 pages. The subdivision by 2-fusion is sketched there, given as an exercise in , and presented in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematics
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many areas of mathematics, which include number theory (the study of numbers), algebra (the study of formulas and related structures), geometry (the study of shapes and spaces that contain them), Mathematical analysis, analysis (the study of continuous changes), and set theory (presently used as a foundation for all mathematics). Mathematics involves the description and manipulation of mathematical object, abstract objects that consist of either abstraction (mathematics), abstractions from nature orin modern mathematicspurely abstract entities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. Mathematics uses pure reason to proof (mathematics), prove properties of objects, a ''proof'' consisting of a succession of applications of in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symmetric Group
In abstract algebra, the symmetric group defined over any set is the group whose elements are all the bijections from the set to itself, and whose group operation is the composition of functions. In particular, the finite symmetric group \mathrm_n defined over a finite set of n symbols consists of the permutations that can be performed on the n symbols. Since there are n! (n factorial) such permutation operations, the order (number of elements) of the symmetric group \mathrm_n is n!. Although symmetric groups can be defined on infinite sets, this article focuses on the finite symmetric groups: their applications, their elements, their conjugacy classes, a finite presentation, their subgroups, their automorphism groups, and their representation theory. For the remainder of this article, "symmetric group" will mean a symmetric group on a finite set. The symmetric group is important to diverse areas of mathematics such as Galois theory, invariant theory, the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. History The AMS was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society, the brainchild of Thomas Fiske, who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe became the first president while Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance over concerns about competing with the '' American Journal of Mathematics''. The result was the ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'', with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transactions Of The American Mathematical Society
The ''Transactions of the American Mathematical Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of pure and applied mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society. It was established in 1900. As a requirement, all articles must be more than 15 printed pages. Its ISSN number is 0002-9947. See also * ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'' * ''Journal of the American Mathematical Society'' * '' Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society'' * '' Notices of the American Mathematical Society'' * ''Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society'' References External links * ''Transactions of the American Mathematical Society''on JSTOR JSTOR ( ; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary source ... American Mathematical Society academic journals Mathematics jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathieu Group
In group theory, a topic in abstract algebra, the Mathieu groups are the five sporadic simple groups ''M''11, ''M''12, ''M''22, ''M''23 and ''M''24 introduced by . They are multiply transitive permutation groups on 11, 12, 22, 23 or 24 objects. They are the first sporadic groups to be discovered. Sometimes the notation ''M''8, ''M''9, ''M''10, ''M''20, and ''M''21 is used for related groups (which act on sets of 8, 9, 10, 20, and 21 points, respectively), namely the stabilizers of points in the larger groups. While these are not sporadic simple groups, they are subgroups of the larger groups and can be used to construct the larger ones. John Conway has shown that one can also extend this sequence up, obtaining the Mathieu groupoid ''M''13 acting on 13 points. ''M''21 is simple, but is not a sporadic group, being isomorphic to the projective special linear group PSL(3,4). History introduced the group ''M''12 as part of an investigation of multiply transitive permutat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finite Field
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field (mathematics), field that contains a finite number of Element (mathematics), elements. As with any field, a finite field is a Set (mathematics), set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules. The most common examples of finite fields are the integers mod n, integers mod p when p is a prime number. The ''order'' of a finite field is its number of elements, which is either a prime number or a prime power. For every prime number p and every positive integer k there are fields of order p^k. All finite fields of a given order are isomorphism, isomorphic. Finite fields are fundamental in a number of areas of mathematics and computer science, including number theory, algebraic geometry, Galois theory, finite geometry, cryptography and coding theory. Properties A finite field is a finite set that is a fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Projective Special Unitary Group
In mathematics, the projective unitary group is the quotient of the unitary group by the right multiplication of its center, , embedded as scalars. Abstractly, it is the holomorphic isometry group of complex projective space, just as the projective orthogonal group is the isometry group of real projective space. In terms of matrices, elements of are complex unitary matrices, and elements of the center are diagonal matrices equal to , where is the identity matrix. Thus, elements of correspond to equivalence classes of unitary matrices under multiplication by a constant phase . This space is not (which only requires the determinant to be one), because still contains elements where is an -th root of unity (since then ). Abstractly, given a Hermitian space , the group is the image of the unitary group in the automorphism group of the projective space . Projective special unitary group The projective special unitary group PSU() is equal to the projective unitary gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Projective Special Linear Group
In mathematics, especially in the group theoretic area of algebra, the projective linear group (also known as the projective general linear group or PGL) is the induced action of the general linear group of a vector space ''V'' on the associated projective space P(''V''). Explicitly, the projective linear group is the quotient group : PGL(''V'') = GL(''V'')/Z(''V'') where GL(''V'') is the general linear group of ''V'' and Z(''V'') is the subgroup of all nonzero scalar transformations of ''V''; these are quotiented out because they act trivially on the projective space and they form the kernel of the action, and the notation "Z" reflects that the scalar transformations form the center of the general linear group. The projective special linear group, PSL, is defined analogously, as the induced action of the special linear group on the associated projective space. Explicitly: : PSL(''V'') = SL(''V'')/SZ(''V'') where SL(''V'') is the special linear group over ''V'' and SZ(''V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group Isomorphism
In abstract algebra, a group isomorphism is a function between two groups that sets up a bijection between the elements of the groups in a way that respects the given group operations. If there exists an isomorphism between two groups, then the groups are called isomorphic. From the standpoint of group theory, isomorphic groups have the same properties and need not be distinguished. Definition and notation Given two groups (G, *) and (H, \odot), a ''group isomorphism'' from (G, *) to (H, \odot) is a bijective group homomorphism from G to H. Spelled out, this means that a group isomorphism is a bijective function f : G \to H such that for all u and v in G it holds that f(u * v) = f(u) \odot f(v). The two groups (G, *) and (H, \odot) are isomorphic if there exists an isomorphism from one to the other. This is written (G, *) \cong (H, \odot). Often shorter and simpler notations can be used. When the relevant group operations are understood, they are omitted and one writes G \co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sylow Subgroup
In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory, the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Peter Ludwig Sylow that give detailed information about the number of subgroups of fixed order that a given finite group contains. The Sylow theorems form a fundamental part of finite group theory and have very important applications in the classification of finite simple groups. For a prime number p, a ''p''-group is a group whose cardinality is a power of p; or equivalently, the order of each group element is some power of p. A Sylow ''p''-subgroup (sometimes ''p''-Sylow subgroup) of a finite group G is a maximal p-subgroup of G, i.e., a subgroup of G that is a ''p''-group and is not a proper subgroup of any other p-subgroup of G. The set of all Sylow p-subgroups for a given prime p is sometimes written \text_p(G). The Sylow theorems assert a partial converse to Lagrange's theorem. Lagrange's theorem states that for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wreath Product
In group theory, the wreath product is a special combination of two groups based on the semidirect product. It is formed by the action of one group on many copies of another group, somewhat analogous to exponentiation. Wreath products are used in the classification of permutation groups and also provide a way of constructing interesting examples of groups. Given two groups A and H (sometimes known as the ''bottom'' and ''top''), there exist two variants of the wreath product: the unrestricted wreath product A \text H and the restricted wreath product A \text H. The general form, denoted by A \text_ H or A \text_ H respectively, requires that H acts on some set \Omega; when unspecified, usually \Omega = H (a regular wreath product), though a different \Omega is sometimes implied. The two variants coincide when A, H, and \Omega are all finite. Either variant is also denoted as A \wr H (with \wr for the LaTeX symbol) or ''A'' ≀ ''H'' (Unicode U+2240). The notion gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finite Simple Group
In mathematics, the classification of finite simple groups states that every finite simple group is cyclic, or alternating, or in one of 16 families of groups of Lie type, or one of 26 sporadic groups. The list below gives all finite simple groups, together with their order, the size of the Schur multiplier, the size of the outer automorphism group, usually some small representations, and lists of all duplicates. Summary The following table is a complete list of the 18 families of finite simple groups and the 26 sporadic simple groups, along with their orders. Any non-simple members of each family are listed, as well as any members duplicated within a family or between families. (In removing duplicates it is useful to note that no two finite simple groups have the same order, except that the group A8 = ''A''3(2) and ''A''2(4) both have order 20160, and that the group ''Bn''(''q'') has the same order as ''Cn''(''q'') for ''q'' odd, ''n'' > 2. The smalle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
