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Alonsotegi Bombing
The Alonsotegi bombing took place on in the town of Alonsotegi, Biscay, Basque Country. The Grupos Armados Españoles (GAE), an armed group operating in the Basque Country in the early years of the Spanish democracy, planted a bomb in a local bar which exploded that evening killing four civilians and wounding ten. The bar was targeted as it was thought to be a meeting point for Basque moderate nationalists in the area. No official inquiries have been made so far. Background The actions described in Spain as "Late-Francoist Terrorism" took place between the later years of Francoist Spain and 1980. These paramilitary actions were carried out by several far-right neofascist groups, such as the Basque-Spanish Battalion (Batallón Vasco Español), Spanish National Action (Acción Nacional Española) or the Spanish Armed Groups (Grupos Armados Españoles). Their targets were people with different ideas, but especially leftist militants and Basque nationalists. According to a former m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alonsotegi
Alonsotegi () is a municipality in the province of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain. Alonsotegi was attached to the Baracaldo municipality until the end of the 19th century, when it separated and was officially recognized as its own independent municipality. Alonsotegi is approximately 8 kilometres from the center of Bilbao. It is located in the valley of the Cadagua River, following Highway BI-636. With a total area of 21 km2, its 2,907 inhabitants ( INE 2019) are distributed across three main settlements: Alonsotegi (the capital), Iráuregui, and Arbuyo. Geography Alonsotegi encompasses a total area of 21 km2. Much of the municipality's industry and population is concentrated in the corridor opened by the Cadagua River between the Sierra Sasiburu range (with peaks as high as 500 m above sea level) and the Ganekogorta (998 m) and Pagasarri (673 m) mountains. Several tributaries start in the mountains and flow down the slopes to the Cadagua. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iñigo Urkullu
Íñigo Urkullu Renteria (born 18 September 1961) is a Basque politician from Spain, and the Lehendakari (President) of the Basque Government from 2012 to 2024. As the President of the Basque Government, he headed the First Urkullu Government, First, Second Urkullu Government, Second, and Third Urkullu Governments of the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Early life and career Iñigo Urkullu Renteria was born on 18 September 1961 in Alonsotegi, the only child of a Basque nationalist working-class family. His father was a turner and died when Urkullu was a child. His mother, Flori Renteria, was a housewife from Maruri-Jatabe, and she moved to Alonsotegi after her marriage. Urkullu studied primary education in the Avellaneda School of Sodupe, Güeñes. He was a conscientious objector and enrolled to the University of Deusto to study Hispanic Philology, but dropped out to enrol in the Seminary of Derio to the Teaching degree, specializing in Basque language, Basque Philology. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Transition To Democracy
The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as (; ) or (), is a period of History of Spain, modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I. The democratic transition began two days after the death of Francisco Franco, in November 1975. Initially, "the political elites left over from Francoism" attempted "to reform of the institutions of dictatorship" through existing legal means, but social and political pressure saw the formation of a democratic parliament in the 1977 Spanish general election, 1977 general election, which had the imprimatur to write a new constitution that was then approved by referendum in December 1978. The following years saw the beginning of the development of the rule of law and establishment of Autonomous communities of Spain, regional government, amidst ongoing terrorism, an 1981 Spanish cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Language
Basque ( ; ) is a language spoken by Basques and other residents of the Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Basque is classified as a language isolate (unrelated to any other known languages), the only one in Europe. The Basques are indigenous to and primarily inhabit the Basque Country. The Basque language is spoken by 806,000 Basques in all territories. Of them, 93.7% (756,000) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.3% (50,000) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the French Basque Country, three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities on the northern border of Álava and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to stre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Txoko
A Txoko () is a typically Basque people, Basque type of closed gastronomical society where men come together to cook, experiment with new ways of cooking, eat and socialize. It is believed that over 1000 of these societies exist; the town of Gernika, Spain, for example, with around 15,000 inhabitants, has nine txokos with some 700 members in total.Plaza, Joseba ''Txoko'' in Wandler, R. (ed) Euskadi' Walter Frey 1999 Txoko can be found not only in Spain but in almost any city with a significant number of Basques. Name ''Txoko'', a diminutive form of ''zoko'',Trask, Larry ''The History of Basque'' Routledge 1997 literally means ''nook, cosy corner'' in Basque language, Basque. In some regions, the variant ''xoko'' is used. In Spanish language, Spanish, they are called ''sociedades gastronómicas'', in French language, French ''sociétés gastronomiques''. History The origins of the txoko are uncertain. They may have begun in Bilbao, Spain, as (perhaps inspired by the British) co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Culture
The Basques ( or ; ; ; ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country ()—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France. Etymology The English word ''Basque'' may be pronounced or and derives from the French ''Basque'' (), itself derived from Gascon ''Basco'' (pronounced ), cognate with Spanish ''Vasco ''(pronounced ). Those, in turn, come from Latin ''Vascō'' (pronounced ; plural '' Vascōnēs''—see history section below). The Latin generally evolved into the bilabials and in Gascon and Spanish, probably under the influence of Basque and the related Aquitanian (the Latin /w/ instead evolved into in French, Italian a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( , PSOE ) is a Social democracy, social democratic Updated as required.The PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources: * * * * List of political parties in Spain, political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain: from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe González, 2004 to 2011 under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, and since 2018 under Pedro Sánchez. The PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. The PSOE played a key role during the Second Spanish Republic, being part of the coalition government from 1931 to 1933 and 1936 to 1939, when the republic was defeated in the Spanish Civil War. The party was then banned under the Francoist Spain, Francoist dictatorship and its members and leaders were persecuted or exiled; the ban was only lifted in 1977 in the Spanish transition to democracy, transition to democracy. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barakaldo
Barakaldo (; ) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality located in the Biscay province in the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country in Spain. Located on the Left Bank (Biscay), Left Bank of the Estuary of Bilbao, the city is part of Greater Bilbao, has a population at 100,881. Barakaldo has an industrial river-port heritage and has undergone significant redevelopment with new commercial and residential areas replacing the once active industrial zones. History The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica original entry on the town stated: Iron mining formed a large part of Barakaldo's industry, making it the endpoint of a mining railway. The steel industry, led by Altos Hornos de Vizcaya, had an important presence during the 20th century, until the industrial recession hit the region's economy in the 1980s. In recent decades, the industrial zones surrounding Barakaldo have become less prominent, which can be owed to the shuttering of large companies such as Babcock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herri Batasuna
Herri Batasuna (; ; HB) was a Far-left politics, far-left Basque nationalist coalition in Spain. It was founded in 1978 and defined itself as abertzale left, abertzale, left-wing, socialism, socialist, and supported the independence of the Basque Country (greater region), Greater Basque Country. It was refounded as Batasuna in 2001 and subsequently outlawed by the Spanish Supreme Court (Spain), Supreme Court for being considered the political wing of the separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA). History The party was founded in April 1978 as Herri Batasuna, a coalition of leftist nationalist political groups initially brought together to advocate for "No" in the Spanish constitutional referendum, 1978, referendum to be held that year on the Spanish Constitution of 1978, Spanish constitution. Its constituent parties had been called together by senior Basque nationalist Telesforo de Monzón in a 1978 meeting called "The table of Alsasua". Herri Batasuna's founding convention wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euskadiko Ezkerra
Euskadiko Ezkerra (EE; ) was a Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque socialist political organisation. It was founded as a coalition of Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia (EIA, ''Basque Party for Revolution'' or ''Party for Basque Revolution'') and other Basque Marxism, Marxist forces in 1977 to present lists for the Spanish general election, 1977, Spanish general elections in the constituencies of Biscay (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Biscay, Gipuzkoa (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Gipuzkoa and Álava (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Álava, while Navarrese Left Union (UNAI), an allied coalition, was to present a list in the constituency of Navarra (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Navarre. History EE's list in Gipuzkoa won one seat in the Congress of Deputies (Spain), Spanish Congress for Francisco Letamendia, one in the Spanish Senate, Senate for Juan María Bandrés, a lawyer for ETA (separatist group), ETA members, and none in the other constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Spain
The Communist Party of Spain (; PCE) is a communist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is currently part of Sumar. Two of its politicians are Spanish government ministers: Yolanda Díaz (Minister of Labour and Social Economy) and Sira Rego (Minister of Youth and Children). The PCE was founded by 1921, after a split in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (; PSOE). The PCE was founded by those who opposed the social democratic wing of the PSOE, because the social democrat wing did not support the PSOE's integration in the Communist International founded by Vladimir Lenin two years prior. The PCE was a merger of the Spanish Communist Party () and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (). The PCE was first legalized after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931. The republic was the first democratic regime in the history of Spain. The PCE gained much support in the months before the Spanish coup of July 1936, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gipuzkoa
Gipuzkoa ( , ; ; ) is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Its capital city is Donostia-San Sebastián. Gipuzkoa shares borders with the French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques at the northeast, with the province and autonomous community of Navarre at east, Biscay at west, Álava at southwest and the Bay of Biscay to its north. It is located at the easternmost extreme of the Cantabric Sea, in the Bay of Biscay. It has of coastline. With a total area of , Gipuzkoa is the smallest province of Spain. The province has 89 municipalities and a population of 720,592 inhabitants (2018), from which more than half live in the Donostia-San Sebastián metropolitan area. Apart from the capital, other important cities are Irun, Errenteria, Zarautz, Mondragón, Eibar, Hondarribia, Oñati, Tolosa, Beasain and Pasaia. Gipuzkoa is the province of the Basque Country in which the Basque language is the most ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
