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Ali Ibn Yahya Al-Armani
'Alī ibn Yaḥyā al-Armanī () was a Muslim military commander of the mid-9th century, involved in the border warfare with the Byzantine Empire. He served as governor of Tarsus from ca. 852 until 862, leading several expeditions against the Byzantines. In 862 he was appointed governor of his native Armenia, but was killed in autumn 863 fighting against the Byzantines. Life As his '' nisba'' indicates, Ali was of Armenian descent. In 840, he was sent to Egypt as its governor, replacing Malik ibn Kaydur. Later he was named commander (''wali'' or ''amir'') of the Abbasid Caliphate's borderlands in Cilicia (the '' al-thughur ash-Sha'miya''), confronting the Byzantine Empire, with Tarsus as his base. He is the first ''amir'' of Tarsus known to have exercised broadly autonomous authority there, taking advantage of the decline in the power of the Abbasid Caliphate's central government. Ali held the post at least from 238 A.H. (852/3 CE) until October/November 862.Stern (1960), p. 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim
Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God in Abrahamic religions, God of Abraham (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the last Islamic prophet. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Tawrat (Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injeel (Gospel). These earlier revelations are associated with Judaism and Christianity, which are regarded by Muslims as earlier versions of Islam. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices attributed to Muhammad (''sunnah'') as recorded in traditional accounts (hadith). With an estimated population of almost 2 billion followers, Muslims comprise around 26% of the world's total population. In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north. The eastern and southeastern limits have been expanded either to the entirety of Asiatic Turkey or to an imprecise line from the Black Sea to the Gulf of Alexandretta. Topographically, the Sea of Marmara connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, and separates Anatolia from Thrace in Southeast Europe. During the Neolithic, Anatolia was an early centre for the development of farming after it originated in the adjacent Fertile Crescent. Beginning around 9,000 years ago, there was a major migration of Anatolian Neolithic Farmers into Neolithic Europe, Europe, with their descendants coming to dominate the continent a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatim Ibn Harthamah Ibn Al-Nadr
Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn al-Nadr () was a provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate. Hatim was the son of Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali, who was appointed governor of Egypt in 847. When Harthamah fell ill in 849, he appointed his son as his successor, and following Harthamah's death Hatim was confirmed as governor by the Turkish general Itakh. After holding the governorship for slightly over a month, however, Hatim was dismissed and replaced with 'Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani 'Alī ibn Yaḥyā al-Armanī () was a Muslim military commander of the mid-9th century, involved in the border warfare with the Byzantine Empire. He served as governor of Tarsus from ca. 852 until 862, leading several expeditions against the Byzan ....; . Notes References * * {{Governor of Egypt during Abbasid Caliphate, state=expanded 9th-century Abbasid governors of Egypt 9th-century Arab people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isa Ibn Mansur Al-Rafi'i
Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafiqi, (; died 847) alternatively known as al-Rafi'i, was a governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate, holding that position from 831 to 832 and again from 843 to 847. First governorship Regarding Isa's background, the Egyptian chronicler Ibn Taghribirdi identified him as "Isa ibn Mansur ibn Musa ibn Isa al-Rafiqi, ''mawla'' of the Banu Nasr ibn Mu'awiyah" tribe of the Qays 'Aylan. In 830 he is mentioned by al-Kindi in connection with the suppression of a revolt in the Hawf district of Egypt during the governorship of Abdawayh ibn Jabalah. Following Abdawayh's dismissal in the following year, Isa was appointed as resident governor in his stead by Abu Ishaq (the future caliph al-Mu'tasim, r. 833–842), who held overall authority over the administration of Egypt and Syria, and he began his governorship around the beginning of 831. Shortly after Isa became governor, he was forced to deal with a major rebellion in Lower Egypt, where the local Arabs and Copts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Governors Of Islamic Egypt
Governors of Egypt in the Middle Ages, Arab Egypt (640–1250) and Mamluk Egypt (1250–1517). For other periods, see the Lists of rulers of Egypt, list of rulers of Egypt. Rashidun Caliphate (640–661) Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Abbasid Caliphate (750–969) Governors during the first Abbasid period (750–868) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Autonomous emirs of the Tulunid dynasty (868–905) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Governors during the second Abbasid period (905–935) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Autonomous emirs of the Ikhshidid dynasty (935–969) Dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Fatimid Dynasty (969–1171) Dates for Caliphs taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'' (2005). Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1252) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Meadows Of Gold
''Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems'' (, ') is a 10th century history book by an Abbasid scholar al-Masudi. Written in Arabic and encompassing the period from the beginning of the world (starting with Adam and Eve) through to the late Abbasid era, the book contains historically documented facts, hadiths or sayings from reliable sources and stories, as well as poetry and anecdotes. ''The Meadows of Gold'' is considered unique in medieval Islamic history. Due to its reliance on and references to Islam, the style of the book makes up an example of what constitutes Islamic historiography. Editions and translations A first version of the book was allegedly completed in the year 947 AD and the author spent most of his life adding and editing the work. The first European version of ''The Meadows of Gold'' was published in both French and Arabic between 1861 and 1877 by the Societe Asiatique of Paris by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. For over 100 years this version wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mas'udi
al-Masʿūdī (full name , ), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodotus of the Arabs". A polymath and prolific author of over twenty works on theology, history (Islamic and universal), geography, natural science and philosophy, his celebrated magnum opus ''The Meadows of Gold'' () combines universal history with scientific geography, social commentary and biography. Birth, travels and literary output Apart from what al-Mas'udi writes of himself little is known. Born in Baghdad, he was descended from Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, a companion of Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is believed that he was a member of Banu Hudhayl tribe of Arabs. Al-Masudi mentions a number of scholar associates he encountered during his journeys: Al-Masʿudi may have reached Sri Lanka and China although he is known to have met Abu Zayd al-Sirafi on the coast of the Persian Gulf and received information on China from him.[Mas‘udi. ''The Meadows of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Ali Al-Armani
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Armani () was the son of the Abbasid military commander Ali al-Armani ("Ali the Armenian"), celebrated for leading several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ... during his tenure as governor of Tarsus, from ca. 852/3 to 862. Muhammad himself was appointed to the same post in 872, after the nominated governor Muhammad ibn Harun al-Taghlibi died before taking up the post, and held it until he was killed by the Byzantines in 873. References Sources * {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad ibn Ali al-Armani 873 deaths Abbasid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars Abbasid governors of Tarsus Ethnic Armenian Muslims 9th-century Muslims Ethnic Armenian people Year of birth unknown Medieval Arabs killed in battle 9th-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samarra
Samarra (, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The modern city of Samarra was founded in 836 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim as a new administrative capital and military base. In 2003 the city had an estimated population of 348,700. During the Iraqi Civil War (2006–08), Samarra was in the " Sunni Triangle" of resistance. The archeological site of Samarra still retains much of the historic city's original plan, architecture and artistic relics. In 2007, UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site. History Prehistoric Samarra The remains of prehistoric Samarra were first excavated between 1911 and 1914 by the German archaeologist Ernst Herzfeld. Samarra became the type site for the Samarra culture. Since 1946, the notebooks, letters, unpublished excavation reports and photographs have been in the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. The civilization flourished alongside the Ubaid per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baghdad
Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the Arab world, most populous cities in the Middle East and Arab world and forms 22% of the Demographics of Iraq, country's population. Spanning an area of approximately , Baghdad is the capital of its Baghdad Governorate, governorate and serves as Iraq's political, economic, and cultural hub. Founded in 762 AD by Al-Mansur, Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and became its most notable development project. The city evolved into a cultural and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". For much of the Abbasid era, duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lalakaon
The Battle of Lalakaon (), or Battle of Poson or Porson (), was fought in 863 between the Byzantine Empire and an invading Arab army in Paphlagonia (modern northern Turkey). The Byzantine army was led by Petronas (general), Petronas, the uncle of Emperor Michael III, although Arab sources also mention the presence of the Emperor in person. The Arabs were led by the emir of Melitene (Malatya), Umar al-Aqta. Umar al-Aqta overcame initial Byzantine resistance to his invasion and reached the Black Sea. The Byzantines then mobilized their forces and encircled the Arab army near the Lalakaon river. The subsequent battle ended in a Byzantine victory and the emir's death on the field, and was followed by a successful Byzantine counteroffensive across the border. These victories were decisive; the main threats to the Byzantine borderlands were eliminated, and the Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty, era of Byzantine ascendancy in the East (culminating in the 10th-century conque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umar Al-Aqta
ʿUmar ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Marwān. or ʿAmr ibn ʿUbaydallāh ibn Marwān, surnamed al-Aqtaʾ (; , , in Greek), and found as Amer or Ambros () in Byzantine sources, was the semi-independent Arab emir of Malatya (Melitene) from the 830s until his death in the Battle of Lalakaon on 3 September 863. During this time, he was one of the greatest threats to the Byzantine Empire on its eastern frontier,. and became a prominent figure in later Arabic and Turkish epic literature. Biography ʿUmar belonged to the Banu Sulaym tribe, which was established in the western Jazira at the time of the Muslim conquests and played an important role in the affairs of Malatya and the Jaziran frontier zone ('' thughur'') with the Byzantine Empire as well as the Caucasian frontier with the Khazars. His father, ʿAbdallah or ʿUbaydallah, is little known, except that he was also emir of Malatya, and that ca. 810 he surrendered to the Byzantines the fortress of Kamacha to obtain the release of his so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
